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List of presidents of the Indian National Congress

Chief executives of the INC

Summary

Chief executives of the INC

Field	Value
post	President
body	the Indian National Congress
insignia	Indian National Congress hand logo.svg
insigniasize	150px
flagsize	30
image	File:Mallikarjun Kharge briefing the media after presenting the Interim Railway Budget 2014-15 in New Delhi (cropped).jpg
imagesize	200px
incumbent	Mallikarjun Kharge
incumbentsince
appointer	Committee consisting of members of the Indian National Congress from the National and State Committees
termlength	no term limit
constituting_instrument	Constitution of the Indian National Congress
precursor	Sonia Gandhi (interim)
Rahul Gandhi
formation
website

Rahul Gandhi

The President of the Indian National Congress is the chief executive of the Indian National Congress (INC), one of the principal political parties in India, founded by retired British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume. Constitutionally, the president is elected by an electoral college composed of members drawn from the Pradesh Congress Committees and members of the All India Congress Committee (AICC). In the event of any emergency because of any cause such as the death or resignation of the president elected as above, the most senior general secretary discharges the routine functions of the president until the Working Committee appoints a provisional president pending the election of a regular president by the AICC. The president of the party has effectively been the party's national leader, head of the party's organisation, head of the Working Committee, the chief spokesman, and all chief Congress committees.

After the party's foundation in December 1885, Womesh Chandra Banerjee became its first president. From 1885 to 1933, the presidency had a term of one year only. From 1933 onwards, there was no such fixed term for the president. During Jawaharlal Nehru's premiership, he rarely held the Presidency of INC, even though he was always head of the Parliamentary Party. Despite being a party with a structure, Congress under Indira Gandhi did not hold any organisational elections after 1978. In 1978, Gandhi split from the INC and formed a new opposition party, popularly called Congress (I), which the national election commission declared to be the real Indian National Congress for the 1980 general election. Gandhi institutionalised the practice of having the same person as the Congress president and the prime minister of India after the formation of Congress (I). Her successors Rajiv Gandhi and P. V. Narasimha Rao also continued that practice. Nonetheless, in 2004, when the Congress was voted back into power, Manmohan Singh became the first and only prime minister not to be the president of the party since establishment of the practice of the president holding both positions.

A total of 61 people have served as the president of the Indian National Congress since its formation. Sonia Gandhi is the longest serving president of the party, having held the office for over twenty years from 1998 to 2017 and from 2019 to 2022. The latest election of president was held on 17 October 2022, in which Mallikarjun Kharge became the new president defeating Shashi Tharoor in the 2022 Indian National Congress presidential election.

During the founding years (1885–1900)

No.	Year(s) of presidency	Leader	Portrait	Place of conference	Reference(s)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
December 1885	Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee	[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.]]	Bombay	last=Nanda	first=B. R.	author-link=Bal Ram Nanda	title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58	series=Legacy Series	quote=In 1874, he became Prime Minister of Baroda and was a member of the Legislative Council of Bombay (1885–88).2015	publisher=Princeton University Press	isbn=978-1-4008-7049-3	page=58	year=1977	access-date=4 December 2019	archive-date=29 July 2020	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729204414/https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58	url-status=live}}
December 1886		[[File:Dadabhai Naoroji.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.]]	Calcutta	first=B. R.	last=Nanda	author-link=Bal Ram Nanda	title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58	series=Legacy Series	year=2015	publisher=Princeton University Press	isbn=978-1-4008-7049-3	page=58	orig-year=1977	access-date=4 December 2019	archive-date=29 July 2020	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729204414/https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58	url-status=live}}
December 1887		[[File:BadruddinTyabji.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Badruddin Tyabji.]]	Madras	title=Eminent Mussalmans	author=Anonymous	year=1926	edition=1	publisher=G.A. Natesan & Co.	place=Madras	url=https://archive.org/stream/eminentmussalman031205mbp#page/n117/mode/2up	pages=97–112	oclc=462824439}}
December 1888		[[File:George Yule.jpg	75px	alt=An image of George Yule.]]	Allahabad	last=Hall	first=Catherine	author2=Sonya O. Rose	author2-link=Sonya O. Rose	title=At Home with the Empire: Metropolitan Culture and the Imperial World	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2oVCvtC1zAEC&pg=PA281	date=2006	publisher=Cambridge University Press	isbn=978-1-139-46009-5	page=281	access-date=4 December 2019	archive-date=13 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513055339/https://books.google.com/books?id=2oVCvtC1zAEC&pg=PA281	url-status=live}}
December 1889		[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg	75px	alt=An image of William Wedderburn.]]	Bombay	first=Hemant	last=Singh	title=List of Sessions of Indian National Congress before Independence (1885–1947)	url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-sessions-of-indian-national-congress-before-independence-1465561993-1	access-date=15 May 2021	work=Jagran Josh	date=8 April 2021	archive-date=15 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515142512/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-sessions-of-indian-national-congress-before-independence-1465561993-1	url-status=live }}
December 1890		[[File:Pherozeshah Mehta 1996 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Pherozesha Mehta.]]	Calcutta
December 1891			[[File:P Ananda Charlu.jpg	75px]]	Nagpur	title=Dadabhai Naoroji to Nehru; Indira to Sonia: Profiles of Congress presidents	url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dadabhai-naoroji-to-nehru-indira-to-sonia-profiles-of-congress-presidents/story-LmoaxHk12wrsFvTubRrFpL.html	access-date=15 May 2021	work=Hindustan Times	date=11 December 2017	archive-date=15 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515141252/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dadabhai-naoroji-to-nehru-indira-to-sonia-profiles-of-congress-presidents/story-LmoaxHk12wrsFvTubRrFpL.html	url-status=live }}
December 1892	Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee	[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.]]	Allahabad
December 1893	Dadabhai Naoroji	[[File:Dadabhai Naoroji.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.]]	Lahore
December 1894		[[File:AlfredWebb.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Alfred Webb.]]	Madras
December 1895		[[File:Surendranath Banerjee.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Surendranath Banerjee.]]	Poona
December 1896		[[File:RMSayani.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Rahimtulla M. Sayani.]]	Calcutta
December 1897		[[File:SirChetturSankaranNair.jpg	75px	alt=An image of C Sankaran Nair.]]	Amaravati	first=Prashant	last=Rangnekar	title=All the Congress presidents: from family to foreigners	url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/all-the-congress-presidents-from-family-to-foreigners/1206771	access-date=15 May 2021	agency=Press Trust of India	magazine=Outlook	date=11 December 2017	archive-date=15 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515145017/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/all-the-congress-presidents-from-family-to-foreigners/1206771	url-status=live }}
December 1898		[[File:AnandaMohanBose.JPG	75px	alt=An image of Anandamohan Bose.]]	Madras
December 1899		[[File:Romesh Chunder Dutt.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Romesh Chunder Dutt.]]	Lucknow
December 1900		[[File:N. G. Chandavarkar cyclopedia.png	75px	alt=An image of N. G. Chandavarkar.]]	Lahore

List of party presidents during the pre-independence era (1901–1947)

No.	Year(s) of presidency	Name	Portrait	Place of conference	Reference(s)	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27
December 1901		[[File:DinshawWacha.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Dinshaw Edulji Wacha.]]	Calcutta	first=Nergish	last=Sunavala	title=Nobody learns Parsi history in schools, says historian	url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/nobody-learns-parsi-history-in-schools-says-historian/articleshow/46007191.cms	access-date=15 May 2021	work=The Times of India	date=25 January 2015	archive-date=15 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515143510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/nobody-learns-parsi-history-in-schools-says-historian/articleshow/46007191.cms	url-status=live }}
December 1902		[[File:Surendranath Banerjee.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Surendranath Banerjee.]]	Ahmedabad
December 1903			Madras
December 1904		[[File:Henry Cotton.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Henry Cotton.]]	Bombay	title=Indian National Congress: 12 facts about one of the oldest political parties of the country	url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/indian-national-congress-was-formed-on-this-day-facts-about-inc-1117601-2017-12-28	access-date=15 May 2021	work=India Today	date=28 December 2017	archive-date=23 June 2018	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623193857/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/indian-national-congress-was-formed-on-this-day-facts-about-inc-1117601-2017-12-28	url-status=live }}
December 1905		[[File:Gopal krishan gokhale.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.]]	Benares
December 1906		[[File:Dadabhai Naoroji.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.]]	Calcutta
December 1907		[[File:Rash Bihari Ghosh.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Rashbihari Ghosh.]]	Surat
December 1908	Madras
December 1909		[[File:Madan Mohan Malaviya 1961 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Madan Mohan Malaviya.]]	Lahore
December 1910		[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg	75px	alt=An image of William Wedderburn.]]	Allahabad
December 1911			Calcutta
December 1912		[[File:R_N_Mudholkar.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar.]]	Bankipore
December 1913			Karachi
April 1914		[[File:Bhupendranath Bose.jpg	75px]]	Madras
December 1915		[[File:Lord Sina.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Satyendra Prasanno Sinha.]]	Bombay
December 1916		[[File:1916muzumdar.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Ambica Charan Mazumdar.]]	Lucknow
December 1917		[[File:Annie Besant.png	75px	alt=An image of Annie Besant.]]	Calcutta
August 1918		[[File:Syed Hasan Imam.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Syed Hasan Imam.]]	Bombay (special session)
December 1918		[[File:Madan Mohan Malaviya 1961 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Madan Mohan Malaviya.]]	Delhi
December 1919		[[File:MotilalNehru4.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Motilal Nehru.]]	Amritsar
1920		[[File:Lala lajpat Rai.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Lala Lajpat Rai.]]	Calcutta (Special Session)
December 1920		[[File:C Vijayaraghavachariar 1998 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of C. Vijayaraghavachariar.]]	Nagpur	first=Kanishka	last=Singh	title=Indian National Congress: From 1885 till 2017, a brief history of past presidents	url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/here-is-a-list-of-past-presidents-of-indian-national-congress-4967084/	access-date=15 May 2021	work=The Indian Express	date=5 December 2017	archive-date=14 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514161101/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/here-is-a-list-of-past-presidents-of-indian-national-congress-4967084/	url-status=live }}
December 1921		[[File:1921ajmalkhan.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Hakim Ajmal Khan.]]	Ahmedabad
December 1922		[[File:Chittaranjan Das.JPG	75px	alt=An image of Chittaranjan Das.]]	Gaya
1923		[[File:Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar_1978_stamp_of_India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Mohammad Ali Jouhar.]]	Kakinada
September 1923		[[File:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Abul Kalam Azad.]]	Delhi (Special Session)
December 1924		[[File:MKGandhi.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Mahatma Gandhi.]]	Belgaum	first=Parameswaran Thankappan	last=Nair	title=Gandhi – The Calcutta Connection	url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/gandhi-the-calcutta-connection/cid/1805208	access-date=15 May 2021	work=The Telegraph	location=Kolkata	date=31 January 2021	archive-date=15 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515143905/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/gandhi-the-calcutta-connection/cid/1805208	url-status=live }}
April 1925		[[File:Sarojini Naidu 1964 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Sarojini Naidu.]]	Kanpur
December 1926		[[File:S. Srinivasa Iyengar.jpg	75px	alt=An image of S. Srinivasa Iyengar.]]	Guwahati
December 1927		[[File:Mukhtar_Ahmad_Ansari.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari]]	Madras
1928		[[File:MotilalNehru4.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Motilal Nehru.]]	Calcutta
1929		[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru, 1947.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Jawaharlal Nehru.]]	Lahore
1930	Karachi
1931		[[File:Sardar patel (cropped).jpg	75px	alt=An image of Vallabhbhai Patel.]]	Karachi
1932		[[File:Madan Mohan Malaviya 1961 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Madan Mohan Malaviya.]]	Delhi
1933		[[File:Nellie and Jatindra Mohan Sengupta 1985 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Nellie Sengupta.]]	Calcutta	title=Mrs. Nellie Sengupta, Past Presidents, Indian National Congress	url=https://www.inc.in/en/leadership/past-party-president/mrs-nellie-sengupta	website=Indian National Congress	access-date=4 December 2019	archive-date=4 December 2019	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204144520/https://www.inc.in/en/leadership/past-party-president/mrs-nellie-sengupta	url-status=dead }}
1934		[[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg	75px	alt=An image of Rajendra Prasad.]]	Bombay	title=Dr Rajendra Prasad Birth Anniversary: All about India's first President	url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/dr-rajendra-prasad-birth-anniversary-all-about-india-s-first-president-1746308-2020-12-03	access-date=15 May 2021	work=India Today	date=3 December 2020	archive-date=15 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515150852/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/dr-rajendra-prasad-birth-anniversary-all-about-india-s-first-president-1746308-2020-12-03	url-status=live }}
1935	Lucknow
1936		[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru, 1947.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Jawaharlal Nehru.]]	Lucknow
1937	Faizpur
1938		[[File:Subhas Chandra Bose NRB.jpg	75px	alt=Subhas Chandra Bose]]	Haripura
1939	Tewar, Madhya Pradesh
(then Tripuri)
1939 (March)		[[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg	75px	alt=An image of Rajendra Prasad.]]	Tewar, Madhya Pradesh
(then Tripuri)
1940–46		[[File:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Abul Kalam Azad.]]	Ramgarh
1946 (July–Sept)	Jawaharlal Nehru	[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru, 1947.jpg	frameless	107x107px]]
1946		[[File:Acharya_Kripalani_1989_stamp_of_India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of J. B. Kripalani.]]	Meerut	first=Sruthi	last=Radhakrishnan	title=Presidents of Congress past: A look at the party's presidency since 1947	url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/presidents-of-congress-past-a-look-at-the-partys-presidency-since-1947/article21639174.ece	access-date=15 May 2021	work=The Hindu	date=14 December 2017	archive-date=1 August 2020	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801221210/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/presidents-of-congress-past-a-look-at-the-partys-presidency-since-1947/article21639174.ece	url-status=live }}
1947

List of party presidents during the post-independence era (1948–present)

No.	Year(s) of Presidency	Name	Portrait	Place of Conference	Reference(s)	64	65	66	67	68	69	70	71
1948		[[File:Bhogaraju_Pattabhi_Sitaramayya_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Pattabhi Sitaraimayya.]]	Jaipur
1949	Jaipur
1950		[[File:Purushottam Das Tandon 1982 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Purushottam Das Tandon.]]	Nashik
1951		[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru, 1947.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Jawaharlal Nehru.]]	New Delhi	title=Shri Jawaharlal Nehru	url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/shri-jawaharlal-nehru/	publisher=Prime Minister's Office (India)	access-date=15 May 2021	archive-date=1 September 2020	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901193222/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/shri-jawaharlal-nehru/	url-status=live }}
1952	New Delhi
1953	Hyderabad
1954	Kalyani
1955		[[File:U. N. Dhebar.png	75px	alt=An image of U. N. Dhebar.]]	Avadi
1956	Amritsar
1957	Indore
1958	Guwahati
1959	Nagpur
1959		[[File:Indira Gandhi 2017 stamp.png	alt=An image of Indira Gandhi.	91x91px]]	Delhi (special session)	title=Smt. Indira Gandhi	url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/smt-indira-gandhi/	publisher=Prime Minister's Office (India)	access-date=15 May 2021	archive-date=23 April 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423155248/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/smt-indira-gandhi/	url-status=live }}
1960		[[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.]]	Bengaluru
1961	Bhavnagar
1962		[[File:Damodaram Sanjivayya 2008 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Damodaram Sanjivayya.]]	Patna
1962–1963		[[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.]]	Patna
1964		[[File:K_Kamaraj_1976_stamp_of_India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of K. Kamaraj.]]	Bhubaneswar
1965	Durgapur
1966–1967	Jaipur
1968		[[File:Snijalingappa.jpg	75px	alt=An image of S. Nijalingappa.]]	Hyderabad
1969	Faridabad
1970–1971		[[File:Jagjivan Ram 1991 stamp of India.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Jagjivan Ram.]]	Mumbai
1972–74		[[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Shankar Dayal Sharma.]]	Kolkata
1975–77		[[File:Dev Kant Baruah.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Devakanta Barua.]]	Chandigarh
1977–78		[[File:Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy.jpg	75px	alt=An image of Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]	Chandigarh
1978–83	Indira Gandhi	[[File:Indira Gandhi 2017 stamp.png	alt=An image of Indira Gandhi.	91x91px]]	New Delhi
1983	Kolkata
1985–1991		[[File:Rajiv Gandhi (1).jpg	alt=An image of Rajiv Gandhi.	96x96px]]	Mumbai	title=Shri Rajiv Gandhi	url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80/	publisher=Prime Minister's Office (India)	access-date=15 May 2021	archive-date=1 September 2020	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901194747/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80/	url-status=live }}
1992		[[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - P. V. Narasimha Rao.jpg	102x102px]]	Tirupati
1993	Surajkund
1994	Delhi
1996–1998		[[File:Sita Ram Kesari(cropped).jpg	frameless]]	Kolkata
1998–2001		[[File:Sonia Gandhi 2014 (cropped).jpg	100x100px]]	New Delhi	title=Sonia Gandhi named interim Congress president	url=http://ddnews.gov.in/national/sonia-gandhi-named-interim-congress-president	access-date=15 May 2021	work=Doordarshan	agency=Prasar Bharti	date=11 August 2019	archive-date=15 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515151724/http://ddnews.gov.in/national/sonia-gandhi-named-interim-congress-president	url-status=live }}
2001–2004	Bengaluru
2004–2006	New Delhi
2006–2010	Hyderabad
2010–2017	New Delhi
2017–2019		[[File:Rahul Gandhi.png	frameless	83x83px]]	New Delhi	title=Rahul Gandhi only leader who can take over as Congress president: Ripun Bora	url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rahul-gandhi-only-leader-who-can-take-over-as-congress-president-ripun-bora/article33851242.ece	access-date=15 May 2021	work=The Hindu	date=16 February 2021	archive-date=15 May 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515151940/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rahul-gandhi-only-leader-who-can-take-over-as-congress-president-ripun-bora/article33851242.ece	url-status=live }}
2019–2022	Sonia Gandhi	[[File:Sonia Gandhi 2014 (cropped).jpg	alt=An image of Sonia Gandhi.	100x100px]]	Jaipur
2022–Incumbent	Mallikarjun Kharge	[[File:Mallikarjun Kharge.jpg	frameless	94x94px]]	New Delhi

Working & Vice Presidents

Kamalapati Tripathi (1980–88, working)
Arjun Singh (1984–89)
Jitendra Prasada (1999–2001)
Rahul Gandhi (2013–17)

References

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Mondal, Manisha. (29 December 2018). "Remembering WC Bonnerjee, the first president of Indian National Congress".
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(23 September 2020). "Postindependence: from dominance to decline".
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"W. C. Bonnerjee". Open University.
Nanda, B. R.. (2015). "Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj". Princeton University Press.
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