From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

List of presidents of Romania

None

Summary

None

The president of Romania serves as the head of state of Romania. The office was created by the communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu in 1974 and has developed into its modern form after the Romanian Revolution and the adoption of the 1991 constitution. The current president is Nicușor Dan, who has been serving since 26 May 2025.

List

;Key regarding the political parties of affiliation:

(PCR)

(FSN)

(PSD)

(PNȚCD)

(PDL)

(PNL)

Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989)

No.	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office	Political Party	Ref.	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Romanian Communist Party}}; color:white"	1
[[File:Nicolae Ceaușescu.jpg	80px]]	Nicolae Ceaușescu
(1918–1989)	1974	28 March 1974	22 December 1989	15 years,	Romanian Communist Party (PCR)
Despite his country's membership in the Warsaw Pact, Ceaușescu recognised the state of Israel, supported Romanian nationalism, and denounced the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. With his 1971 July Theses speech, Ceaușescu launched a quasi-Maoist and Neo-Stalinist cultural reform. He and his wife, Elena Ceaușescu were deposed during the 1989 Romanian Revolution and were both executed three days later.

Romania (1989–present)

No.	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office	Political Party	Ref.	Took office	Left office	Time in office	National Salvation Front (Romania)}}; color:white"	—	Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}; color:white"	2	Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}; color:white"	3	Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}; color:white"	(2)	Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)}}; color:white"	4	National Liberal Party (Romania)}}; color:black"	5
[[File:Ion Iliescu (2004).jpg	80px]]	Ion Iliescu
(1930–2025)	1990	26 December 1989	20 June 1990	176 days	National Salvation Front (FSN)
A former Romanian Communist Party (PCR) high-ranking member and subsequent relative dissident, Iliescu was one of the main founders of the National Salvation Front (FSN) during the 1989 Revolution. As a member of the FSN triumvirate, Iliescu served as the acting head of state of Romania for almost six months during the beginning of its slow transition to a market economy and multi-party democracy.
1990
1992	20 June 1990	29 November 1996	6 years,	National Salvation Front (FSN)
The first Romanian president to have been freely and democratically elected, Ion Iliescu was an independent social democrat in geopolitical regards. He subsequently earned a negative reputation after his handling of the ''Mineriad'''s miner interventions in Bucharest. Under his first term, the current Constitution of Romania was introduced.
[[File:Emil Constantinescu (17-07-1998).jpg	80px]]	Emil Constantinescu
(born 1939)	1996	29 November 1996	20 December 2000	4 years,	Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD)1
Constantinescu was the successful candidate of the right-leaning Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) which won the 1996 general elections, consequently paving the way for the first peaceful transfer of power in post-1989 Romania. During his term as president, Constantinescu struggled with the slow implementation of the modernization and privatization process which was bogged down by excessive bureaucracy.
[[File:Ion Iliescu (2004).jpg	80px]]	Ion Iliescu
(1930–2025)	2000	20 December 2000	20 December 2004	4 years	Social Democratic Party (PSD)
Iliescu was elected to his third non-consecutive term in 2000. In March 2004, at the end of his last term, Romania joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), as part of the second largest wave of expansion in Central and Eastern Europe.
[[File:Traian Băsescu (EPP Summit 2008).jpg	80px]]	Traian Băsescu
(born 1951)	2004
2009	20 December 2004	21 December 2014	10 years,	Democratic Liberal Party (PDL)2
Elected with the support of the right-leaning Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), Băsescu won the presidency in 2004 on a platform targeting widespread political corruption. During his first term, Romania joined in the European Union (EU). In spite of the harsh opposition of the left-leaning parties (especially the PSD and the PRM), he publicly condemned the former communist regime.
[[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg	80px]]	Klaus Iohannis
(born 1959)	2014
2019	21 December 2014	12 February 2025		National Liberal Party (PNL)
Elected with the support of the right-leaning Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL), Iohannis won against former USL ally and coalition partner Victor Ponta in the run-off of the 2014 Romanian presidential elections. During the presidential campaign, his platform focused on anti-corruption, judicial independence, and fiscal relaxation. He is also the first Romanian President to have stemmed from an ethnic minority, as he is of German (more specifically Transylvanian Saxon) origin.
2024	After far-right candidate Călin Georgescu took a shock lead in the first round of the 2024 presidential election, the Constitutional Court of Romania annulled the results and cancelled the second round over allegations of Russian covert interference and illegal campaign spending by Georgescu. Though Iohannis's second term was due to expire in late December 2024, the Constitutional Court permitted him to stay in office until the inauguration of a successor. However, Iohannis resigned on 12 February 2025 after opposition parties proposed an impeachment vote.
Independent (politician)}}; "	6	[[File:Nicușor Dan 0925 (cropped).jpg	80px]]	Nicușor Dan
(born 1969)	2025	26 May 2025	Incumbent		Independent (Independent)3
In December 2024, shortly after that year's presidential election was annulled, Dan announced his intention to run in the new presidential election scheduled for 2025. The incumbent Mayor of Bucharest since 2020, he was backed by a coalition of liberal, center-right, and pro-European parties. Dan ran on a strongly pro-Western, anti-corruption platform, contrasting sharply with the nationalist and Eurosceptic stance of the election's then front-runner, George Simion. While Simion placed first in the election's first round, Dan defeated him in the second round amidst a vast mobilization of the pro-European electorate.

Notes:

1 Emil Constantinescu was the candidate of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD) whose candidacy was supported as part of the larger right-leaning Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) in both 1992 and 1996; 2 Traian Băsescu was the presidential candidate of the Democratic Party (PD) whose candidacy was supported as part of the larger right-leaning Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) in 2004, alongside the National Liberal Party. In 2009, his re-election was supported only by the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) along with a certain faction of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD); 3 Nicușor Dan was not a member of any party, but he was elected with the support of the Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party (DREPT), People's Movement Party (PMP), Force of the Right (FD), Renewing Romania's European Project (REPER), Romania in Action Party (RîA), Green Party (PV), Health Education Nature Sustainability Party (SENS) and Hungarian Alliance of Transylvania (EMSZ), as well as the Save Romania Union (USR) which had previously endorsed Elena Lasconi.

Acting presidents (2007; 2012; 2025)

Nº	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Term of office	Political Party	Took office	Left office	Time in office
Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}; color:white"	—	[[File:Nicolae Văcăroiu (cropped).jpg	80px]]	Nicolae Văcăroiu
(born 1943)	20 April 2007	23 May 2007	33 days	Social Democratic Party (PSD)
Văcăroiu, the president of the Senate, served as interim president following Băsescu's first impeachment.
National Liberal Party (Romania)}}; color:black"	—	[[File:Crin Antonescu - 28 March 2025.jpg	80px]]	Crin Antonescu
(born 1959)	10 July 2012	27 August 2012	48 days	National Liberal Party (PNL)
Antonescu, the president of the Senate, served as interim president following Băsescu's second impeachment.
National Liberal Party (Romania)}}; color:black"	—	[[File:Ilie Bolojan - 6 March 2025 (cropped).jpg	80px]]	Ilie Bolojan
(born 1969)	12 February 2025	26 May 2025	days	National Liberal Party (PNL)
Bolojan, the president of the Senate, served as interim president from Iohannis' resignation ahead of an impeachment vote until Dan's inauguration.

Timeline

Define $width = 800 Define $warning = 680 Define $height = 350 Define $now =

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy

Define $start = 01/01/1917 Define $end =

ImageSize = width:$width height:$height PlotArea = right:10 left:7 bottom:120 top:50 Period = from:$start till:$end TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:1

Colors = id:bg value:white id:lightline value:rgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9) id:lighttext value:rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) id:LIFESPAN value:rgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9) Legend: Lifespan_besides_presidency id:INDEPENDENT value:rgb(0.65, 0.65, 0.65) Legend: Independent id:PCR value:rgb(0.761, 0, 0) Legend: Communist_Party id:FSN value:rgb(0.855, 0.439, 0.839) Legend: National_Salvation_Front id:FDSN value:rgb(0.8, 0.2, 0.471) Legend: Democratic_National_Salvation_Front id:PNȚCD value:rgb(0, 0.502, 0) Legend: Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants'_Party id:PSD value:rgb(0.89, 0.059, 0.09) Legend: Social_Democratic_Party id:PD value:rgb(0.925, 0.412, 0.008) Legend: Democratic_Party id:PDL value:rgb(1, 0.4, 0.2) Legend: Democratic_Liberal_Party id:PNL value:rgb(0.996, 0.878, 0) Legend: National_Liberal_Party id:NAME value:rgb(0.15, 0.13, 0.05) id:TODAY value:lightpurple

BackgroundColors = canvas:bg ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightline unit:year increment:1 start:$start ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lighttext unit:year increment:10 start:01/01/1920

Define $dy = -5 # shift text to button side of bar

LineData= # Elections. If there is two rounds, then include only second one. at:28/03/1974 color:PCR width:0.75 layer:back at:28/03/1980 color:PCR width:0.75 layer:back at:29/03/1985 color:PCR width:0.75 layer:back at:20/05/1990 color:FSN width:0.75 layer:back at:11/10/1992 color:FDSN width:0.75 layer:back at:17/11/1996 color:PNȚCD width:0.75 layer:back at:10/12/2000 color:PSD width:0.75 layer:back at:28/11/2004 color:PD width:0.75 layer:back at:06/12/2009 color:PDL width:0.75 layer:back at:16/11/2014 color:PNL width:0.75 layer:back at:24/11/2019 color:PNL width:0.75 layer:back

LineData= at:$now color:TODAY width:0.1

PlotData= bar:1 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:26/01/1918 till:25/12/1989 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Nicolae Ceaușescu color:PCR from:28/03/1974 till:22/12/1989

bar:2 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:03/03/1930 till:05/08/2025 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Ion Iliescu color:FSN from:26/12/1989 till:07/04/1992 color:FDSN from:07/04/1992 till:10/07/1993 color:PSD from:10/07/1993 till:29/11/1996 color:PSD from:20/12/2000 till:20/12/2004

bar:3 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:19/11/1939 till:$now shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Emil Constantinescu color:PNȚCD from:29/11/1996 till:20/12/2000

bar:4 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:04/11/1951 till:$now shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Traian Băsescu color:PD from:20/12/2004 till:20/04/2007 color:PD from:23/05/2007 till:14/12/2007 color:PDL from:14/12/2007 till:10/07/2012 color:PDL from:27/08/2012 till:21/12/2014

bar:5 width:10 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:05/12/1943 till:$now shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Nicolae Văcăroiu (acting) color:PSD from:20/04/2007 till:23/05/2007

bar:6 width:10 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:21/09/1959 till:$now shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Crin Antonescu (acting) color:PNL from:10/07/2012 till:27/08/2012

bar:7 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:13/06/1959 till:$now shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Klaus Iohannis color:PNL from:21/12/2014 till:12/02/2025

bar:8 width:10 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:17/03/1969 till:$now shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Ilie Bolojan (acting) color:PNL from:12/02/2025 till:26/05/2025

bar:9 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:20/12/1969 till:$now shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Nicușor Dan color:INDEPENDENT from:26/05/2025 till:$now

TextData = pos:(150,$height) fontsize:L textcolor:black text:"Lifespan and presidency timeline of each President of Romania"

Notes

References

Bulei, Ion, O istorie a românilor, Editura Meronia, București, 2007, pg. 266-267

References

Grosescu, R. (2004). The Political Regrouping of Romanian Nomenklatura during the 1989 Revolution. Romanian Journal of Society and Politics, 4(1), 97-123.
"Ion Iliescu".
"Emil Constantinescu". EastWest Institute.
Eugen Tomiuc. (13 December 2004). "Romania: Basescu Wins Presidential Vote, Vows To Fight Corruption". Radio Free Europe.
(November 16, 2014). "Klaus Iohannis wins Romanian presidential election". [[The Guardian]].
"Presidents of Romania since 1989". World Atlas.
(17 November 2014). "Romanians elect first ethnic German president". EU Observer.
(May 19, 2025). "Liberal mayor Dan beats nationalist in tense race for Romanian presidency". [[BBC]].

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

lists-of-national-presidents heads-of-state-of-romania presidents-of-romania lists-of-romanian-people

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about List of presidents of Romania — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report