From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base
List of presidents of Indonesia
None
None
The president of Indonesia is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and is the supreme commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Since 2004, the President and Vice-President are directly elected to a five-year term. The presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), a body established by the occupying Japanese 16th Army on 1 March 1945 to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java." On 18 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), which was created on 7 August to replace the BPUPK, selected Sukarno as the country's first president. TOC
Presidents
| No. | Portrait | Name | Term of office | Party | Vice president | Took office | Left office | Election | Time in office | Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 1 | Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 1 | Military rule}}; color:black;" | — | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 2 | Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 2 | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 3 | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 4 | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 5 | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 6 | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 7 | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 3 | National Awakening Party}}; color:white;" | 4 | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle}}; color:white;" | 8 | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle}}; color:white;" | 5 | United Development Party}}; color:white;" | 9 | Democratic Party (Indonesia)}}; color:white;" | 6 | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 10 | Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 11 | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle}}; color:white;" | 7 | Golkar}}; color:black;" | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (10) | Independent politician}};" | 13 | Gerindra Party}}; color:white;" | 8 | Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Presiden Sukarno (retouched).jpg | 100px]] | Sukarno | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1901–1970) | 18 August 1945 | 18 May 1963 | 1945 | Independent | Mohammad Hatta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacant (1 December 1956 – 12 March 1967) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18 May 1963 | 12 March 1967 | 1963 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Declared Indonesia's independence from colonial powers. Presided during the Indonesian National Revolution and the first national elections. One of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the 1955 Bandung Conference. Called for 'Guided Democracy' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, with Nasakom as its principal ideology. Acceded Western New Guinea. Opposed the formation of Malaysia and initiated Konfrontasi. Signed Supersemar in 1966 following the assassination of 6 generals. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:President Suharto, 1993.jpg | 100px]] | Suharto | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1921–2008) | 12 March 1967 | 27 March 1968 | — | Military | Vacant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the MPRS until 12 March 1967. On 12 March 1967, the MPRS agreed to withdraw its mandate from Sukarno and remove him as president. Suharto replaced Sukarno as acting president until 27 March 1968, when he was formally elected as the second president of Indonesia. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27 March 1968 | 23 March 1973 | 1968 | Golkar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (supported by the military) | Vacant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23 March 1973 | 23 March 1978 | 1973 | Hamengkubuwono IX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23 March 1978 | 11 March 1983 | 1978 | Adam Malik | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 March 1983 | 11 March 1988 | 1983 | Umar Wirahadikusumah | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 March 1988 | 11 March 1993 | 1988 | Sudharmono | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 March 1993 | 11 March 1998 | 1993 | Try Sutrisno | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 March 1998 | 21 May 1998 | 1998 | B. J. Habibie | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First president from a military background. The longest-serving president with an over-30-year tenure. Seized power from Sukarno through Supersemar in 1966. Declared a New Order military dictatorship. Dismantled the Communist Party of Indonesia and oversaw the mass murder and imprisonment of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. Ended Konfrontasi and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries of Malaysia and Singapore, and Indonesia became a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Severed ties with China and other communist countries in the region. Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia. Annexed East Timor. Oversaw great economic and infrastructural development but rampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government. Resigned following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the 1997 financial crisis and the 1998 riots. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Foto Presiden Habibie 1998.jpg | 100px]] | B. J. Habibie | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1936–2019) | 21 May 1998 | 20 October 1999 | — | Golkar | Vacant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First, and to date the only, president (aside from acting presidents) who was born outside of Java. First vice president to become president. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia's democratic transition. East Timor declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:President Abdurrahman Wahid - Indonesia.jpg | 100px]] | Abdurrahman Wahid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1940–2009) | 20 October 1999 | 23 July 2001 | 1999 | PKB | Vacant (20–21 October 1999) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Megawati Sukarnoputri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First executive branch officer (president and vice president) to have come from a religious background. Head of Nahdlatul Ulama and grandson of its founder. Term embroiled by a number of scandals and corruption cases. Abolished all remaining legal discrimination against Chinese Indonesians. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted to dissolve parliament, but was himself impeached and removed from office by parliament. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia.jpg | 100px]] | Megawati Sukarnoputri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1947) | 23 July 2001 | 20 October 2004 | — | PDI-P | Vacant (23–26 July 2001) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hamzah Haz | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First female president of Indonesia and the first to be born after the proclamation of independence in 1945. Oldest daughter and second child of President Sukarno, first president born to another president. First female vice president and the first vice president to be born after 1945. Came to power following the removal of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by a major bombing in 2002 by Jemaah Islamiyah. Lost reelection bid to her former coordinating minister and in a later rematch. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.png | 100px]] | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1949) | 20 October 2004 | 20 October 2009 | 2004 | years | Demokrat | Jusuf Kalla | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 October 2009 | 20 October 2014 | 2009 | Boediono | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. Second president from a military background. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Jemaah Islamiyah was severely weakened following efforts by Detachment 88. Indonesia was classified as part of MINT and became a member of the G20 during his presidency. First elected president to serve a full term, and the first to complete two terms. Elected to a second term in 2009. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of the Open Government Partnership. He presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, the Democratic Party was embroiled by many corruption scandals. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Joko Widodo 2019 official portrait.jpg | 100px]] | Joko Widodo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1961) | 20 October 2014 | 20 October 2019 | 2014 | years | PDI-P | Jusuf Kalla | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 October 2019 | 20 October 2024 | 2019 | Ma'ruf Amin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| National Awakening Party}}; color:white;" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The first president not to have emerged from the country's political elite or to have been an army general. First president to have been a regional politician (mayor for about seven years, governor for nearly two years) and the first to be born after the recognition of independence in December 1949. Elected to a second term in 2019. Initiated the process to move the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Nusantara. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Prabowo Subianto 2024 official portrait.jpg | 100px]] | Prabowo Subianto | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1951) | 20 October 2024 | Incumbent | 2024 | Gerindra | Gibran Rakabuming Raka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retired general and former commander of the Special Forces Command (Kopassus) and Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad). Lost twice against his predecessor in 2014 and 2019 but was appointed as minister of defense in 2019. His 96.2 million votes are the highest received by any candidate in a democratic election in Indonesia, surpassing Joko Widodo's 85.6 million votes in 2019. First president to have a younger predecessor. The oldest president to be sworn in for a first term (aged 73). Third president from a military background. |
By age
| # | President | Born | Age at | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| start of presidency | Age at | |||
| end of presidency | Post-presidency | |||
| timespan | Lifespan | Died | Age | |
| 1 | Sukarno | |||
| 2 | Suharto | |||
| 3 | B. J. Habibie | |||
| 4 | Abdurrahman Wahid | |||
| 5 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | |||
| --(living) | ** | |||
| 6 | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | |||
| --(living) | ** | |||
| 7 | Joko Widodo | |||
| --(living) | ** | |||
| 8 | Prabowo Subianto | |||
| (incumbent) | (incumbent) | --(living) | ** |
Define $width = 800 Define $warning = 690 # $width - 100 Define $height = 350 # 7x20 + 160
Define $start = 1900 Define $end = 2030 Define $now =
ImageSize = width:$width height:$height PlotArea = right:10 left:1 bottom:80 top:60 Period = from:$start till:$end TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:1
Colors = id:bg value:white id:lightline value:rgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9) id:lighttext value:rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) id:LIFESPAN value:rgb(0.88, 0.90, 0.70) Legend: Lifespan id:PRES_IND value:rgb(0.70, 0.70, 0.70) Legend: Independent id:PRES_MIL value:rgb(0.76, 0.69, 0.57) Legend: Military id:PRES_GOL value:rgb(0.99, 0.85, 0.23) Legend: Golkar id:PRES_PKB value:rgb(0.01, 0.46, 0.30) Legend: PKB id:PRES_PDI-P value:rgb(0.86, 0.13, 0.09) Legend: PDI-P id:PRES_DEM value:rgb(0.15, 0.26, 0.64) Legend: Demokrat id:PRES_GER value:rgb(0.72, 0.57, 0.39) Legend: Gerindra id:NAME value:rgb(0.21, 0.45, 0.28) id:TODAY value:lightpurple
BackgroundColors = canvas:bg ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightline unit:year increment:1 start:$start ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lighttext unit:year increment:5 start:1900
Define $dy = -5 # shift text to button side of bar
LineData= at:$now color:TODAY width:0.1
PlotData= bar:1 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1901 till:1945 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Sukarno color:PRES_IND from:1945 till:1967 color:LIFESPAN from:1967 till:1970
bar:2 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1921 till:1967 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Suharto color:PRES_MIL from:1967 till:1968 color:PRES_GOL from:1968 till:1998 color:LIFESPAN from:1998 till:2008
bar:3 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1936 till:1998 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:B. J. Habibie color:PRES_GOL from:1998 till:1999 color:LIFESPAN from:1999 till:2019
bar:4 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1940 till:1999 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Abdurrahman Wahid color:PRES_PKB from:1999 till:2001 color:LIFESPAN from:2001 till:2009
bar:5 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1947 till:2001 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Megawati Sukarnoputri color:PRES_PDI-P from:2001 till:2004 color:LIFESPAN from:2004 till:$now
bar:6 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1949 till:2004 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono color:PRES_DEM from:2004 till:2014 color:LIFESPAN from:2014 till:$now
bar:7 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1961 till:2014 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Joko Widodo color:PRES_PDI-P from:2014 till:2024 color:PRES_IND from:2024 till:2024 color:LIFESPAN from:2024 till:$now
bar:8 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1951 till:2024 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Prabowo Subianto color:PRES_GER from:2024 till:$now
TextData = 4/4/2024 pos:(250,$height) fontsize:L textcolor:black text:"Lifespan of each Indonesian President"
Notes
By time in office
| Rank | President | Length | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in days | Order of presidency | Number of terms | ||
| 1 | Suharto | Six full terms; resigned into seventh term | ||
| 2 | Sukarno | De jure: Four full terms; removed into fifth term | ||
| De facto: Never faced reelection, declared president for life by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) on 18 May 1963 | ||||
| 3 | Joko Widodo | Two full terms | ||
| 4 | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | Two full terms | ||
| 5 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | One partial term () | ||
| 6 | Abdurrahman Wahid | One partial term () | ||
| 7 | B. J. Habibie | One partial term () | ||
| 8 | Prabowo Subianto | Currently serving first term | ||
| Acting | Assaat | State-level president for | ||
| Acting | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara | Acting president for |
Notes
References
References
- (2011). "A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde.
- Cochrane, Joe. (22 July 2014). "A Child of the Slum Rises as President of Indonesia". The New York Times.
- Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as ''[[Supersemar]]'' and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the [[People's Consultative Assembly. provisional parliament]] until 12 March 1967.
This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.
Ask Mako anything about List of presidents of Indonesia — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.
Research with MakoFree with your Surf account
Create a free account to save articles, ask Mako questions, and organize your research.
Sign up freeThis content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.
Report