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List of presidents of Burundi
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The president of Burundi is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Burundi. The president is also commander-in-chief of the National Defence Force. The office of the presidency was established when Michel Micombero declared Burundi a republic on 28 November 1966. The first constitution to specify the powers and duties of the president was the constitution of 1974, which was adopted in 1976. Written by Micombero, the constitution affirmed his position as the first president of Burundi. The powers of the president derive from the latest constitution, implemented in 2005 as a result of the 2000 Arusha Accords after the Burundian Civil War.
Nine people have served in the office since Burundi became a republic. Only one president, Pierre Buyoya, has served on two non-consecutive occasions. Sylvie Kinigi was the first and only woman who has served in the role (on an interim basis). The current president, Évariste Ndayishimiye, has been serving in the role since 18 June 2020.
List of officeholders
;Political parties
;Status
;Symbols Died in office
| No. | Portrait | Name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Ethnic group | Political party | Prime minister(s) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Union for National Progress}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1940–1983) | Union for National Progress}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1946–2016) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Union for National Progress}}" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1949–2020) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Front for Democracy in Burundi}}" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1953–1993) | Union for National Progress}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1953) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Union for National Progress}}" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1953) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{efn | On 8 November 1993 the Constitutional Court ruled that "the government acting collegially" assumed the responsibilities of the interim presidency until a new president could be elected.{{Citation | title = La Cour constitutionnelle de la République du Burundi siegeant en matiere de constatation de la vacance du poste de Président de la République a rendu l'arret suivant | language=fr | trans-title=Constitutional Court of the Republic of Burundi sitting on the matter of establishing the vacancy of the post of President of the Republic has rendered the following judgment | Front for Democracy in Burundi}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1955–1994) | Front for Democracy in Burundi}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1956) | Union for National Progress}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1949–2020) | Front for Democracy in Burundi}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1951) | National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1964–2020) | National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy}}" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1968) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | [[File:Michel Micombero (1966).png | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Michel Micombero]] | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Deposed in coup) | Tutsi | UPRONA / | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Military | Nyamoya | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | [[File:Jean Baptiste Bagaza - 1978 (3x4 cropped).tiff | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Jean-Baptiste Bagaza]] | 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Deposed in coup) | Tutsi | UPRONA / | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Military | Nzambimana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | [[File:Pierre Buyoya 1990 (3x4 cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Pierre Buyoya]] | — | Tutsi | UPRONA / | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Military | Sibomana | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/pierre-buyoya-burundian-president-who-led-two-coups-dies-at-71/2020/12/18/1881a866-4179-11eb-9453-fc36ba051781_story.html | title=Pierre Buyoya, Burundian president who led two coups, dies at 71 | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=18 December 2020 | access-date= 12 July 2024 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713112654/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/pierre-buyoya-burundian-president-who-led-two-coups-dies-at-71/2020/12/18/1881a866-4179-11eb-9453-fc36ba051781_story.html | archive-date=13 July 2024 | url-status=live}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | [[File:Melchior Ndadaye (cropped).png | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Melchior Ndadaye]] | 1993 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Assassinated) | Hutu | FRODEBU | Kinigi | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13087604 | title=Burundi profile - Timeline | publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation | date=4 November 2022 | access-date=12 July 2024 | archive-date=12 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13087604 | url-status=live }} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=]] | — | Hutu | UPRONA / | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Military | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Sylvie Kinigi at Bujumbura airport, 1993 (3x4 cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Sylvie Kinigi]] | date = 8 November 1993 | url = https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AApo1azStvtZHCc&cid=F0D39C30495D5A2A&id=F0D39C30495D5A2A%21164&parId=F0D39C30495D5A2A%21115&o=OneUp | via = Great Lakes of Africa Centre | access-date = 22 September 2021 | archive-date = 7 March 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220307102833/https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=!AApo1azStvtZHCc&cid=F0D39C30495D5A2A&id=F0D39C30495D5A2A!164&parId=F0D39C30495D5A2A!115&o=OneUp | url-status = live}}}} | — | Tutsi | UPRONA | Herself | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | [[File:Cyprien Ntaryamira at a FRODEBU rally (cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Cyprien Ntaryamira]] | 1994 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Assassinated) | Hutu | FRODEBU | Kinigi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kanyenkiko | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | [[File:Visit of Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, President of Burundi, to the EC (3x4 cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Sylvestre Ntibantunganya]] | — | Hutu | FRODEBU | Kanyenkiko | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nduwayo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1994 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Deposed in coup) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Pierre Buyoya at Chatham House 2013 (3x4 cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Pierre Buyoya]] | — | Tutsi | UPRONA | Ndimira | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Position abolished | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | [[File:Domitien Ndayizeye, President of Burundi (2) (cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.40 | alt=Domitien Ndayizeye]] | — | Hutu | FRODEBU | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | [[File:President Nkurunziza of Burundi (6920275109) (cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.40 | Pierre Nkurunziza]] | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2015 | Hutu | CNDD–FDD | title=Outgoing Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza dies | url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/politics-news-pmn/outgoing-burundian-president-pierre-nkurunziza-dies | access-date=12 July 2024 | newspaper=National Post | agency=Reuters | date=9 June 2020 | archive-date=10 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710080358/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/politics-news-pmn/outgoing-burundian-president-pierre-nkurunziza-dies | url-status=live }} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacant ( – ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | [[File:Évariste Ndayishimiye (3x4 cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.40 | Evariste Ndayishimiye]] | 2020 | Incumbent | Hutu | CNDD–FDD | *Position abolished | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (until 23 June 2020)*Bunyoni | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ndirakobuca | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ntahontuye |
Timeline
ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:150 left:20 AlignBars = late
Define $today =
Colors = id:uprona value:rgb(1,0,0) legend:Union_for_National_Progress id:frodebu value:rgb(0.12,0.71,0.23) legend:Front_for_Democracy_in_Burundi id:cndd-fdd value:rgb(0.8,0,0.04) legend:National_Council_for_the_Defense_of_Democracy_–_Forces_for_the_Defense_of_Democracy
id:gray1 value:gray(0.85) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1966 till:31/12/ TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1970 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1966
Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:35 columnwidth:170
TextData = pos:(20,38) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political party:"
BarData = bar:Micombero bar:Bagaza bar:Buyoya bar:Ndadaye bar:Ngeze bar:Kinigi bar:Ntaryamira bar:Ntibantunganya bar:Ndayizeye bar:Nkurunziza bar:Ndayishimiye
PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:9 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Micombero from: 28/11/1966 till: 01/11/1976 color:uprona text:"Michel Micombero" bar:Bagaza from: 01/11/1976 till: 03/09/1987 color:uprona text:"Jean-Baptiste Bagaza" bar:Buyoya from: 03/09/1987 till: 10/07/1993 color:uprona from: 25/07/1996 till: 30/04/2003 color:uprona text:"Pierre Buyoya" bar:Ndadaye from: 10/07/1993 till: 21/10/1993 color:frodebu text:"Melchior Ndadaye" bar:Ngeze from: 21/10/1993 till: 27/10/1993 color:uprona text:"François Ngeze (acting)" bar:Kinigi from: 27/10/1993 till: 05/02/1994 color:uprona text:"Sylvie Kinigi (acting)" bar:Ntaryamira from: 05/02/1994 till: 06/04/1994 color:frodebu text:"Cyprien Ntaryamira" bar:Ntibantunganya from: 06/04/1994 till: 25/07/1996 color:frodebu text:"Sylvestre Ntibantunganya" bar:Ndayizeye from: 30/04/2003 till: 26/08/2005 color:frodebu text:"Domitien Ndayizeye" bar:Nkurunziza from: 26/08/2005 till: 08/06/2020 color:cndd-fdd text:"Pierre Nkurunziza" bar:Ndayishimiye from: 18/06/2020 till: $today color:cndd-fdd text:"Évariste Ndayishimiye"
Notes
References
References
- (18 July 1983). "Michel Micombero, 43, dies; Former president of Burundi". [[The New York Times]].
- (2005). "Burundi's Constitution of 2005". [[Comparative Constitutions Project]].
- Manirakiza, Pacifique. "The 2005 Constitution of Burundi". [[University of Ottawa]].
- (18 April 2001). "Biographie de Pierre Buyoya". [[Le Monde]].
- (20 March 2021). "Meet the women who became presidents in Africa". [[Africa Feeds Media Limited]].
- (31 May 2021). "Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021". [[CQ Press]].
- (1983-07-18). "Necrológicas - Michel Micombero, ex presidente de Burundi". [[El País]].
- Emily Langer. (5 May 2016). "Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, ousted Burundian president, dies at 69". [[The Washington Post]].
- (18 December 2020). "Pierre Buyoya, Burundian president who led two coups, dies at 71". [[The Washington Post]].
- (4 November 2022). "Burundi profile - Timeline". [[British Broadcasting Corporation]].
- Farida Jalalzai. (2004). "Women Political Leaders - Past and Present". [[Women & Politics]].
- Anver Versi. (7 April 1994). "Obituary: Cyprien Ntaryamira". [[The Independent]].
- (21 August 2006). "Burundi's former leader arrested". [[British Broadcasting Corporation]].
- (9 June 2020). "Outgoing Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza dies". [[National Post]].
- Hamza Mohamed. (10 June 2020). "Obituary: Burundi's President Pierre Nkurunziza". [[Al Jazeera]].
- (12 June 2020). "Burundi: la Cour constitutionnelle ordonne l'intronisation du président élu". [[Radio France Internationale]].
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