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List of political parties in the Netherlands

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List of political parties in the Netherlands

Summary

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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to form coalition governments.

The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is a legal threshold of 1/150 for getting a seat, so a party can win a seat only with at least two-thirds percent (0,67%) of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.

The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.

No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918. All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.

National political parties

Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament

Political partyMain ideologyPositionLeaderAffiliationSeatsEur.EP groupIntl.SenatorsHouse reps.MEPsDemocrats 66}};"People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (2020)}};"Labour Party (Netherlands)}};"GreenLeft}};" height="40px"Party for Freedom}};"Christian Democratic Appeal (2021)}};"JA21}};"Forum for Democracy}};"Farmer–Citizen Movement}};" height="40px"Christian Union (Netherlands)}};"DENK}};" height="40px"Party for the Animals}};"Reformed Political Party}};"Socialist Party (Netherlands)}};"50PLUS}};" height="40px"Volt Europa}};"New Social Contract}};" height="40px"
D66[[File:D66 logo (2019–present).svg60px]]Democrats 66
Democraten 66Social liberalismCentreRob JettenALDERELI
VVD[[File:VVD logo (2020–present).svg60px]]People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en DemocratieConservative liberalismCentre-rightDilan YeşilgözALDERELIAndeweg, R.]] and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
PvdA[[File:PvdA Logo small.svg60px]]Labour Party
Partij van de ArbeidSocial democracyCentre-leftJesse KlaverPESS&DPAauthor=Wolfram Nordsiecktitle=Parties and Elections in Europeurl=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/netherlands.htmlaccess-date=8 June 2015}}
GL[[File:GroenLinks logo (1994–present).svg120px]]GreenLeft
GroenLinksGreen politicsCentre-leftEGPGreens–EFAGGauthor=Josep M. Colomerurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=6S5JJkjpzf8C&pg=PA221title=Comparative European Politicsdate=24 July 2008publisher=Taylor & Francisisbn=978-0-203-94609-1page=221fauthor-link1=Josep Colomeraccess-date=13 July 2013}}
PVVParty for Freedom
Partij voor de VrijheidRight-wing populismRight-wing to far-rightGeert WildersIDPfE
CDA[[File:CDA logo 2021.svg60px]]Christian Democratic Appeal
Christen-Democratisch AppèlChristian democracyCentre-rightHenri BontenbalEPPEPPCDI
JA21[[File:JA21 logo.svg60px]]Right Answer 2021
Juiste Antwoord 2021Right-wing populismRight-wing to far-rightJoost EerdmansECRECR
FvD[[File:FvD.png60px]]Forum for Democracy
Forum voor DemocratieNational conservatismFar-rightThierry BaudetESN
BBB[[File:BoerBurgerBeweging logo.svg80px]]Farmer–Citizen Movement
BoerBurgerBewegingAgrarianismRight-wingCaroline van der PlasEPP
CU[[File:ChristenUnie.svg80px]]Christian Union
ChristenUnieChristian democracyCentreMirjam BikkerECPMauthor1=Jort Statemachapter=The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good Europeanauthor2=Paul Aartstitle=Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policieseditor1=Timo Behrat=note on p. 237editor2=Teija Tiilikaineneditor-link2=Teija Tiilikainen}}
DENK[[File:DENK logo (2020–present).svg80px]]DENKMinority interestsCentre-leftStephan van Baarle
PvdD[[File:Party for the Animals logo.svg100px]]Party for the Animals
Partij voor de DierenAnimal welfareLeft-wingEsther OuwehandAPEUThe Lefttitle=Parties and Elections in Europeurl=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/netherlands.htmlpublisher=Parties-and-elections.eu}}
SGP[[File:SGP logo (2016–present).svg60px]]Reformed Political Party
Staatkundig Gereformeerde PartijChristian rightRight-wingChris StofferECPMECRdate=2009-07-02title=Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliamenturl=http://www.euractiv.com/eu-elections/far-right-meps-form-group-europe-news-222083access-date=2014-03-20publisher=EurActiv}}
SP[[File:Socialistische Partij (nl 2006) Logo.svg60px]]Socialist Party
Socialistische PartijDemocratic socialismLeft-wingJimmy Dijk
50+[[File:50PLUS (nl) Logo.svg60px]]50PLUSPensioners' interestsCentreJan StruijsEDP
Volt[[File:Logo of Volt.svg60px]]Volt Netherlands
Volt NederlandEuropean federalismCentreLaurens DassenVoltGreens–EFA
OPNL[[File:Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland logo.png80px]]Independent Politics Netherlands
Onafhankelijke Politiek NederlandRegionalismAuke van der GootEFA
NSC[[File:NSC partijlogo.svg80px]]New Social Contract
Nieuw Sociaal ContractChristian democracyCentre-rightVacantEPP

Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament

PartyMain ideologyPositionLeaderAffiliationRef.EuropeanInternationalHenk Krol List}};"Belang van Nederland}};"More Direct Democracy}};"Pirate Party}};"Political Party for Basic Income}};"
BIJ1[[File:BIJ1 logo.svg80px]]BIJ1Anti-capitalismLeft-wing to far-leftTofik Dibi
CO[[File:Code Oranje logo.svg80px]]Code Orange
Code OranjeDirect democracySyncretic{{illBert Blasedenl}}
NVUDutch People's Union
Nederlandse Volks-UnieEthnic nationalismFar-rightConstant Kusters
OPAElderly Politically Active
Ouderen Politiek ActiefPensioners' interestsSingle-issue politicsVacant
GOUD[[File:GOUD logo.svg80px]]GOUD
Pensioners' interestsCentreVacant
HVV[[File:Logo Lijst30.svg80x80px]]Heart for Freedom
Hart voor VrijheidAntivaxSyncreticVacant
LHK[[File:Lijst Henk Krol logo.svg80px]]Henk Krol List
Lijst Henk KrolProgressive conservatismCentre-rightVacant
BVNL[[File:BVNL logo (2023–present).svg80px]]Interest of the Netherlands
Belang van NederlandClassical liberalismRight-wing
JL[[File:Jezus Leeft logo.svg80px]]Jesus Lives
Jezus LeeftEvangelismRight-wingFlorens van der Spek
LEF[[File:LEF.png80px]]LEF – For the New Generation
LEF – Voor de Nieuwe GeneratieYouth politicsDaniël van Duijn
LibDem[[File:Liberaal Democratische Partij Logo.svg80px]]Liberal Democratic Party
Liberaal Democratische PartijSocial liberalismCentreSammy van Tuyll
LP[[File:Libertarischepartij.svg80px]]Libertarian Party
Libertaire PartijRight-libertarianismRight-wingTom van LamoenEPILLI
MDD[[File:Meer Directe Democratie logo.svg80px]]More Direct Democracy
Meer Directe Democratie Direct democracyCentre-rightDorien RookmakerEAFD
NCPN[[File:Logo - Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland (2022).svg80px]]New Communist Party of the Netherlands
Nieuwe Communistische Partij van NederlandMarxism–LeninismFar-leftRinze VisserIMCWP
NLB[[File:Logo of the NLBeter.svg80px]]NLBeterPublic sector interestsCentre
NLPlan[[File:Netherlands with a PLAN logo.webp80x80px]]Netherlands with a Plan
Nederland met een PLANParticipatory democracyCentreKok Kuen Chan
PSP[[File:Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92 logo.svg80px]]Pacifist Socialist Party '92
Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92Pacifist socialismLeft-wingVacant
PvdR[[File:Logo of Partij voor de Republiek.png150px]]Party for the Republic
Partij voor de RepubliekRepublicanismCentreBruno Braakhuis
PvdS[[File:PartijvdSport logo.png80px]]Party for Sports
PartijvdSportHealth promotionCentreAnnemarie van Duivenboden
PDNMParty The New Human
Partij De Nieuwe MensSpiritual leftCentre-leftNiraï Melis &
Raishrie Gajadin
PPNL[[File:Piratpartiet.svg80px]]Pirate Party
PiratenpartijPirate politicsSyncreticPirate Party]] and The Greens at the 2023 general election.PPEUPPI
PPvB[[File:Logo Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen.png120px]]Political Party for Basic Income
Politieke Partij voor BasisinkomenUniversal basic incomeSingle-issue politicsSepp Hannen
TON[[File:TROTS.svg60px]]Proud of the Netherlands
Trots op NederlandConservative liberalismRight-wingSander van den Raadt
RSP[[File:Revolutionair Socialistische Partij logo 2025 (red, without text).png75x75px]]Revolutionary Socialist Party
Revolutionair Socialistische PartijSocialismFar-leftGwildor Sok
SPLSplinterSecularismFemke Merel van Kooten
DG[[File:De Groenen logo.svg120px]]The Greens
De GroenenGreen politicsCentre-leftMark van Treuren
DFP[[File:Partij van de Toekomst logo.svg60px]]The Party Party
De FeestpartijJoke PartySyncreticJohan Vlemmix
SvNTogether for the Netherlands
Samen voor NederlandRight-wing populismFar-rightMichel Reijinga
UCFUbuntu Connected FrontUbuntuismCentre-leftRegillio Vaarnold
VCP[[File:VCP logo.svg80px]]United Communist Party
Verenigde Communistische PartijCommunismFar-leftEngel Modderman
VDRvandeRegioRegionalismCentreSent WierdaEFA

Regional and local political parties

European Netherlands

Regional parties

Political partyActive inSeats in the
prov. councilEuropean
affiliation
FNP[[File:FNP logo.png80px]]Frisian National Party
Fryske Nasjonale PartijFriesland
GB[[File:Groninger Belang logo 01.png80px]]Groninger Interest
Groninger BelangGroningen
LB[[File:Lokaal Brabant logo.png80px]]Local Brabant
Lokaal BrabantNorth Brabant
LL[[File:Lokaal-Limburg logo.png80px]]Local Limburg
Lokaal-LimburgLimburg (Netherlands)
PvhNParty for the North
Partij voor het NoordenGroningen
Friesland
Drenthe
PvZ[[File:Partij voor Zeeland logo.png80px]]Party for Zeeland
Partij voor ZeelandZeeland
PBF[[File:Provinciaal Belang Fryslân logo.png80px]]
Provinciaal Belang FryslânFriesland
SLD[[File:Sterk Lokaal Drenthe logo.jpg80px]]Strong Local Drenthe
Sterk Lokaal DrentheDrenthe
SLF[[File:Sterk Lokaal Flevoland logo.jpg80px]]
Sterk Lokaal FlevolandFlevoland

Local parties

PartyMain ideologyPosition
Forza![[File:Forza! Nederland.svg80px]]Forza! Netherlands
Forza! Nederland
HvDH
Hart voor Den Haag/Groep de Mos
LR[[File:LeefbaarRotterdam.jpg80px]]Livable Rotterdam
Leefbaar Rotterdam
VSP[[File:Verenigde Senioren Partij.svg80px]]List of United Seniors Party candidates in the 2006 Dutch general election
Verenigde Senioren Partij

Water board parties

Political partyMain ideologyPositionGeneral Water Board Party}};"Water Natuurlijk}};" height="40px"
AWP[[File:AWP logo 2022.png80px]]General Water Board Party
Algemene WaterschapspartijApoliticismSyncretic
WN[[File:Water natuurlijk logo.jpg80px]]Water NatuurlijkGreen politicsCentre-left

Defunct political parties

House of Representatives]].
PartyIdeologyStartEndMax
vote
shareActie BouwmanGeneral Elderly Alliance
Algemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV)General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations
Algemeene Bond van Roomsch-Katholieke KiesverenigingenArticle 50
Artikel 50General Dutch Fascist League
Algemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (ANFB)Anti-Revolutionary Party
Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP)Workers Party of the Netherlands
Arbeiderspartij van NederlandFarmers' Party
BoerenpartijLeague of Christian Socialists
Bond Christen-SocialistenLeague of Free Liberals
Bond van Vrije LiberalenCentre Democrats
Centrum Democraten (CD)Centre Party
CentrumpartijCentre Party '86
Centrumpartij '86Christian Democratic Party
Christen-Democratische PartijChristian Democratic Union
Christelijk-Democratische UnieChristian Historical Union
Christelijk-Historische Unie (CHU)Christian Social Party
Christelijk-Sociale Partij (CSP)Christian Historical Voters' League
Christelijk Historische Kiezersbond (CHK)Christian Historical Party
Christelijk Historische PartijCommunist Party of the Netherlands
Communistische Partij Nederland (CPN)Democratic Party
Democratische PartijDemocratic Socialists '70
Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70)Economic League
Economische Bond (EB)Entrepreneurs' Party
OndernemersPartij (OP)Europe TransparentEvangelical People's Party
Evangelische Volkspartij (EVP)Fatherland LeagueList of Free and Social Netherlands candidates in the 2021 Dutch general electionFrisian League
Friesche BondReformed Political League
Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV)Hervormd Gereformeerde StaatspartijIndependent Socialist PartyIslam Democrats
Islam DemocratenCatholic National PartyCatholic People's PartyCommunist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist)
Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging NederlandIndependent Citizens' PartyLivable Netherlands
Leefbaar Nederland (LN)Liberal State Party
Liberale Staatspartij (LSP)Liberal Party
Liberale PartijLiberal UnionPim Fortuyn List
Lijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF)Ratelband ListMiddle Party for City and CountryMiddle Class PartyNational Socialist Dutch Workers Party
Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP)National Socialist Movement
Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB)Dutch BlockNew Middle PartyNeutral PartyNew National Party
Nieuwe Nationale Partij (NNP)New Right
Nieuw RechtsNIDANew Ways
Nieuwe WegenPacifist Socialist PartyParty of the FutureParty for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and DiversityFreedom Party
Partij van de Vrijheid (PvdV)Party for Justice, Action and ProgressPeasants' LeaguePolitical Party of Radicals
Politieke Partij Radikalen (PPR)Progressive Integration PartyRadical LeagueReformatory Political FederationRoman Catholic Party of the NetherlandsRoman Catholic State PartySocial Democratic Workers' PartySocial Democratic LeagueSocialist PartyUnion 55+Alliance to Democratise the ForcesLeague of Communists in the NetherlandsAlliance for National Reconstruction
Verbond voor Nationaal HerstelVoorNederlandFree-minded PartyFree-thinking Democratic League
Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond (VDB)Free Anti Revolutionary Party
Vrij-Antirevolutionaire Partij (VAR)Union of Actualists
Verbond van Actualisten
193419400.57
19933.63
1904192630.03
201220150.51
Fascism19321934
18791980
195819814.77
19061921
198420022.46
198019860.83
198619980.4
192619462.09
19081980
19071926
18971903
19031908
1901199110.56
19211932
197019835.33
191719213.11
201520190.12
198119910.69
18981908
194820031.77
192119461.06
20050.0
2.71
1945198031.88
Communism196419850.03
199920071.61
192119469.26
19221925
18851921
2002200817.00
National socialism193119410.02
Fascism193119454.22
19982005
20032007
0.14
195719913.03
2021
2006, 20202010, 2022
194619486.41
196819904.80
19752003
0.92
1926194529.64
1894194623.81
0.51
193319410.8
201420170.36
190119469.06
18981903
Actualism19231928

References

References

  1. (27 July 2021). "Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP)". Documentatiecentrum Nederlands politieke partijen.
  2. [[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1412 {{ISBN. 978-3-8329-5609-7
  3. [[Rudy Andeweg. Andeweg, R.]] and G. Irwin ''Politics and Governance in the Netherlands'', Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
  4. Hans Keman. (2008). "The Low Countries: Confrontation and Coalition in Segmented Societies". Taylor & Francis.
  5. (November 2023). "Rethinking Public Strategy". Palgrave Macmillan.
  6. Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe".
  7. Josep M. Colomer. (24 July 2008). "Comparative European Politics". Taylor & Francis.
  8. Pauwels, Teun. (2014). "Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands". Routledge.
  9. Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "[{{Google books
  10. Tjitske Akkerman. (2015). "Gender and the radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis of policy agendas". Patterns of Prejudice.
  11. "Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) — Europe Politique".
  12. (8 August 2015). "CDA: partij van samenleving en van waarden". Reformatorisch Dagblad.
  13. Syuzanna Vasilyan. (2009). "European Citizenship in the Process of Construction: Challenges for Citizenship, Citizenship Education and Democratic Practice in Europe". Council of Europe.
  14. Hans Vollaard. (2015). "Routledge Handbook of European Elections". Routledge.
  15. Bremmer, Ian. (13 September 2012). "Going Dutch: The Netherlands' election results roll in". Foreign Policy.
  16. (15 November 2016). "Standpunten". Forum voor Democratie.
  17. "Forum voor Democratie: Why has the Dutch far right surged?". Al Jazeera.
  18. (December 2018). "Zevende rapportage racisme, antisemitisme en extreemrechts geweld in Nederland". Verwey-Jonker Instituut.
  19. "Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies".
  20. (2014). "Governance and Politics of the Netherlands". Palgrave Macmillan.
  21. (29 July 2016). "A Pro-Immigrant Party Rises in the Netherlands". The New York Times.
  22. (6 February 2017). "Ethnic minorities desert Labour, turn to Denk ahead of March vote". Dutch News.
  23. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu.
  24. (2009-07-02). "Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament". EurActiv.
  25. José Magone. (3 July 2013). "Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction". Routledge.
  26. (1 January 2014). "European Social Survey 2012 – Appendix 3 (in English)". [[European Science Foundation]]}}{{dead link.
  27. Watkins, Susan. (May–June 2005). "Continental tremors". [[New Left Review]].
  28. "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf
  29. (6 December 2018). "Time For Change: How Volt Wants To Fix Europe".
  30. (10 November 2016). "Verkiezingsprogramma 2017–2021". Libertarische Partij.
  31. (5 May 2016). "Doelstellingen". Partij voor Mens en Spirit.
  32. Lead candidate of the joint list [[Pirate Party (Netherlands). Pirate Party]] and [[The Greens (Netherlands). The Greens]] at the [[2023 Dutch general election. 2023 general election]].
  33. Piratenpartij. (2010-04-13). "Structuur".
  34. "Actie Bouwman". Repetorium kleine politieke partijen.
  35. "Islam Democraten/Lijst 21". Documentatiecentrum Nederlandse Politieke Partijen.
  36. "Verbond van Actualisten". Repetorium kleine politieke partijen.
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