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List of political parties in Nepal

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Summary

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The following is the list of political parties in Nepal registered in the Election Commission.

National parties

A party registered with the Election Commission of Nepal is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils the two conditions listed below:

  • The party needs to win at least one FPTP seat in Pratinidhi Sabha.
  • The party gets at least 3% of the total valid proportional representation (PR) votes in Pratinidhi Sabha.

There are currently eight national parties in Nepal.

PartyFoundedPolitical
positionIdeologyLeaderFederal ParliamentProvincial AssembliesLocal governmentPratinidhi
SabhaRastriya
SabhaKoshiMadheshBagmatiGandakiLumbiniKarnaliSudur­pashchimHeadsCouncillors
Nepali Congress}}"frameless50x50px]]Nepali Congress
1950Centre to centre-leftSocial democracy
Democratic socialismGagan Thapa
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)}}"frameless50x50px]]Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
1991Left-wing to far-leftCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
People's Multiparty
DemocracyKP Sharma Oli
Nepali Communist Party}}center50x50px]]Nepali Communist Party
2025Left-wing to far-leftCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
MaoismPushpa Kamal Dahal
Rastriya Swatantra Party}}frameless50x50px]]Rastriya Swatantra Party
(National Independent Party)
2022CentreEconomic liberalism
ProgressivismRabi Lamichhane
Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}frameless50x50px]]Rastriya Prajatantra Party
(National Democratic Party)
1990Centre-right to right-wingConstitutional monarchism
Economic liberalism
HindutvaRajendra Prasad Lingden
People's Socialist Party (Nepal, 2024)}}frameless71x71px]]People's Socialist Party
2024Centre-left
to left-wingDemocratic socialism
Minority rightsAshok Rai
Janamat Party}}frameless50x50px]]Janamat Party
(Public Opinion Party)
2019Centre-leftSocial democracy
Regionalism
Madheshi rightsChandra Kant Raut
People's Socialist Party, Nepal (2020)}}frameless50x50px]]People's Socialist Party, Nepal
2020Centre-left
to left-wingDemocratic socialism
Minority rightsUpendra Yadav
Pragatisheel Loktantrik Party}}frameless50x50px]]Pragatisheel Loktantrik Party
(Progressive Democratic Party)
2025Left-wingDemocratic socialismBaburam Bhattarai

Other parties currently represented in the Federal parliament

A political party securing less than 3% of the PR votes will have to send its directly elected or FPTP candidates to the parliament as independent lawmakers. In other words, candidates from any political party failing to meet the criteria to become a national party will be ineligible to be represented in parliament as a party.

There are currently five such political parties which failed to achieve national status yet are represented in Nepal's Parliament.

PartyFoundedPolitical
positionIdeologyLeaderFederal ParliamentProvincial AssembliesLocal governmentPratinidhi
SabhaRastriya
SabhaKoshiMadheshBagmatiGandakiLumbiniKarnaliSudur
pashchimHeadsCouncillors
Nepal Workers Peasants Party}}"frameless50x50px]]Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party
(Nepal Workers Peasants Party)
1975Far-leftMarxism–Leninism
Maoism
JucheNarayan Man Bijukchhe
Rastriya Janamorcha}}frameless50x50px]]Rastriya Janamorcha
(National People's Front)
2006Far-leftCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-federalismChitra Bahadur K.C.
Aam Janata Party}}frameless50x50px]]Aam Janata Party
(Common People's Party)
2022Far-leftSocialismPrabhu Sah

Parties currently represented only in provincial assemblies

PartyFoundedPolitical positionLeaderProvincial AssembliesLocal governmentHeadCouncillorsLocal councils
frameless50x50px]]Desh Bikash Party
(Country Development Party))
2022Big tentAnanta Raj GhimireBagmati
Nepal Federal Socialist Party}}"frameless50x50px]]Nepal Federal Socialist Party
2016Centre-leftMohammad Rizwan AnsariMadhesh

Parties represented only in local government

PartyPolitical positionLeaderLocal governmentHeadCouncillorsLocal councils
frameless50x50px]]Nepal Janata Party
(Nepal People's Party)
Right-wingTribhuvan Nath Pathak
frameless50x50px]]Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch
(Federal Democratic National Front)
Centre-leftKumar Lingden
frameless50x50px]]Nepali Congress (B.P.)
Centre-leftSushil Man Sherchan
frameless50x50px]]Nepal Loktantrik Party
(Nepal Democratic Party)
Centre-leftBhanuram Dagaura Tharu
Rastriya Janamukti Party}}frameless50x50px]]Rastriya Janamukti Party
(National People's Liberation Party)
Centre-leftKhadak Prasad Palungwa
frameless50x50px]]Bahujan Shakti Party
(Bahujan Power Party)
Centre-leftBishwendra Paswan
frameless50x50px]]Bahujan Ekata Party Nepal
(Bahujan Unity Party Nepal)
Left-wingHarinandan Kumar Ranjan
frameless50x50px]]Nepal Sushashan Party
(Nepal Good Governance Party)
Ramesh Prasad Kharel
Nepal Sadbhawana Party}}frameless50x50px]]Nepal Sadbhawana Party
(Nepal Goodwill Party)
Anil Kumar Jha

Other parties

PartyPolitical positionLeader
Nepal Pariwar DalCentre-rightEk Nath Dhakal
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)Left-wingChandra Prakash Mainali
Shree Mahendra Dal(Shreemad), NepalSushil K. Bisht
Khambuwan Rashtriya Morcha, NepalRam Kumar Rai
Bouddhik Prajatantrik ParishadLaxman Rajbanshi
Jana Jagaran Party NepalLokmani Dhakal
Samajvadi Janata PartyCentre-leftPrem Bahadur Singh
Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat)Rukmini Chaudhary
Madhesh Terai ForumAmar Yadav
Nepal Communist Party (Marxist)Far-leftPrakash Adhikari
Communist Party of NepalFar-leftRishi Ram Kattel
Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum MadheshBhagya Nath Gupta
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist)Far-leftBishnu Raj Aryal
Shiva Sena NepalRight-wing to far-rightArun Subedi
Nepal Sukumbasi Party (Loktantrik)Hukum Bahadur Lama
Bahujan Samaj Party NepalCentre-leftGanga Prasad Mahara
Deshbhakta Paryabaraniya Samajik MorchaCentreSurendra Prasad Dhakal
Rastrabadi Ekta PartyUma Shrestha
Tamangsaling Loktantrik Party
Lok DalKaushal Kumar Singh
Deshbhakta Samaj
Janashakti NepalRam Kumar Ojha
Miteri Party Nepal
Rastriya Shiva Sena PartyRight-wingBikram Bahadur Bam
Akhanda Sudurpashchim Party NepalKhagendra Awasthi
Nepal Prajatantrik Pragatisheel Party
Pichhadabarga Nishad Dalit Janajati Party
Janasamajvadi Party, NepalCentre-left
Churebhawar Loktantrik PartyBhumiraj Niraula
Rastriya Churebhavar PartyShiva Prasad Tamang
Chure Bhawar Rastriya PartyKeshav Prasad Mainali
Chure Bhawar Rastriya Ekta Party NepalBadri Neupane
Rastriya Janata Dal NepalBharat Prasad Mahato
Lok Kalyankari Janata Party, Nepal
Nepal Samajbadi Party (Lohiyabadi)Centre-left
Gandhivadi Party Nepal
Rastravadi Party
Nepal Purvarastrasevak Loktantrik Party
Nepal Janaloktantrik Party
Nepal People's Party
Rastriya Jana Ekta Party
Hamro Party
Nepal Dalit Party
Hamro Party Nepal
Yuva Nepal Party
Nepal Loktantrik Janata Congress Party
Nepal Samajwadi Janata DalLeft-wing
Nepal Bahudal PartyAmbika Rana
Prajatantrik Shakti PartyCentre-rightGanesh Bahadur Shrestha
Nepali Jantantra Party
People's Progressive PartyCentre-leftJukti Jung Lamichhane
Unnat Loktantra PartyN/ASwagat Nepal

Defunct parties

This is a list of defunct political parties of Nepal that have had some representation in the legislature.

PartyFoundedDefunct
Nepal Rashtrabadi Gorkha Parishad1951Unknown
Communist Party of Nepal19491962
Nepal Praja Parishad19511961
Samyukta Prajatantra Party1955Unknown
Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)19791991
Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal19912002
Communist Party of Nepal (United)19912005
Nepal Sadbhawana Party19812017
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Chand)19971998
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)19982002
Nepali Congress (Democratic)20022007
Janamorcha Nepal20022009
Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi)20032015
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified)20072013
Rastriya Janashakti Party20072013
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal20072015
Sadbhavana Party20072017
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party20072017
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik)20092017
Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi)20102013
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party Nepal20102013
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican)20112017
Federal Socialist Party, Nepal20122015
Rastriya Madhesh Samajbadi Party20132017
Terai Madhesh Sadbhavana Party20132017
Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal20152019
Naya Shakti Party, Nepal20162019
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal20162019
Nepal Loktantrik Forum20172017
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal20172020
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic)20172020
Nepal Communist Party20182021
Samajbadi Party, Nepal20192020
Rastriya Sadbhavana PartyUnknown2013
Akhanda Nepal PartyUnknown2017
Sanghiya Sadbhavana PartyUnknown2017
Samajbadi Janata PartyUnknownUnknown

References

References

  1. "दर्ता भएका राजनीतिक दलहरु (अधावधिक सुची)".
  2. "Criteria for nat'l parties: 3 percent vote share, 1 FPTP seat a must".
  3. "Seven parties secure national party status so far: Election Commission".
  4. "प्रतिनिधिसभामा १२ दल, राष्ट्रिय पार्टी ७ मात्रै".
  5. "सुदूरपश्चिममा सबैभन्दा ठुलो दल बन्यो नेकपा, चुनावै नलडी रास्वपाको भयो १ सिट".
  6. "3 pc threshold proposed for parliamentary polls".
  7. (2024-08-08). "Prabhu Shah is a lawmaker from Aam Janata Party".
  8. Bajracharya, Bhadra Ratha/Sharma, Sita Ram/Bakshi S.R.. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XtP7acgOQV0C Political development in Nepal]''. [[New Delhi]]: Anmol Publications, 1993. p. 114, 115
  9. Whelpton, John. (2005). "A History of Nepal". Cambridge University Press.
  10. Śrīvāstava, Kāśī Prasāda. (1986). "Nepāla kā itihāsa". Atmaram & Sons.
Wikipedia Source

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