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List of political parties in India
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India has a multi-party system, and the Election Commission of India (ECI) grants recognition to national-level and state-level political parties based on objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges such as a reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in deciding election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties wishing to contest local, state, or national elections must be registered with the ECI. Registered parties can be upgraded to recognized national or state parties by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election. The ECI periodically reviews the recognized party status.
Before the amendment in 2016 (which came into force on 1 January 2014), if a political party failed to fulfill the criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, it would lose its status as a recognized party. In 2016, the ECI announced that a periodic review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of after every election. Therefore, a political party will retain its recognized party status even if it does not meet the criteria in the next election. However, if it fails to meet the criteria in the election following the next one, it would lose its status.
As per latest publications dated 23 March 2024 from Election Commission of India, and subsequent notifications, there are 6 national parties, 59 state parties, and 2,049 registered unrecognized parties (RUPP) in India. All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by the ECI. All 29 states of the country and the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, and Puducherry have elected legislatures unless President's rule is imposed under certain conditions.
Criteria for recognition
National party status
A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfills any one of the three conditions listed below:
- If its candidates have secured at least 6% of total valid votes in at least 4 states (in latest Lok Sabha or Assembly elections) and the party has at least 4 MPs in the last Lok Sabha polls.
- If it has won at least 2% of the total seats in the Lok Sabha from at least 3 states.
- It is 'recognised' in four or more states.
State party status
A registered party is recognised as a state party only if it fulfils any one of the five conditions listed below:
- A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to the state legislative assembly and win at least two seats in that state assembly.
- A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to Lok Sabha and win at least one seat in Lok Sabha.
- A party should win at least three per cent of the total number of seats or any fraction thereof allotted to that state.
- At least one MP for every 25 members or any fraction allotted to the state in the Lok Sabha.
- Under the liberalised criteria, one more clause that it will be eligible for recognition as state party if it secures eight per cent or more of the total valid votes polled in the state.
National parties
| Party | Abbr. | Flag | Election | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| symbol | Political | |||||||||||||||||
| position | Position | Founded | Leader | Government in states/UTs | Number of seats | Chief ministers | Ruling coalition | Lok Sabha | Rajya Sabha | State | ||||||||
| assemblies | State | |||||||||||||||||
| councils | ||||||||||||||||||
| AAP | [[File:Aam Aadmi Party flag (2).svg | 50px]] | 50px]] | Centre | {{Plainlist | class=nowrap | Arvind Kejriwal | |||||||||||
| BSP | [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg | 50px]] | 50px]] | Centre-left | {{Plainlist | Mayawati | ||||||||||||
| BJP | [[File:BJP Flag.svg | 50px]] | 50px]] | Right-wing to far-right | {{Plainlist | Nitin Nabin | ||||||||||||
| CPI(M) | [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg | 50px]] | 50px]] | Left-wing | Marxism–Leninism | |||||||||||||
| Socialism | ||||||||||||||||||
| Secularism | Marian Alexander Baby | |||||||||||||||||
| INC | [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Hand INC.svg | 50px]] | Centre | {{Plainlist | Mallikarjun Kharge | |||||||||||
| NPP | [[File:NPP Flag.jpg | 50px]] | 50px]] | Centre-right | {{Plainlist | Conrad Sangma |
State parties
| Party | Flag | Election | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| symbol | Founded | Leader(s) | Recognised in state(s) | Government in states/UTs | Seats | Chief minister | Ruling coalition | Lok Sabha | Rajya Sabha | State | ||||||
| assemblies | State | |||||||||||||||
| councils | ||||||||||||||||
| State party in three states | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg | 50px]] | [[File:CPI symbol.svg | 50px]] | 1925 | D. Raja | Kerala | ||||||||||
| Manipur | ||||||||||||||||
| Tamil Nadu | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:JD(S) Flag.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian election symbol female farmer.svg | 50px]] | 1999 | H. D. Deve Gowda | |||||||||||
| H. D. Kumaraswamy | Arunachal Pradesh | |||||||||||||||
| Karnataka | ||||||||||||||||
| Kerala | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Janata Dal (United) Flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Arrow.svg | 50px]] | 2003 | Nitish Kumar | Arunachal Pradesh | ||||||||||
| Bihar | ||||||||||||||||
| Manipur | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:All India Trinamool Congress flag (2).svg | 50px]] | [[File:All India Trinamool Congress symbol 2021.svg | 50px]] | 1998 | Mamata Banerjee | Meghalaya | ||||||||||
| Tripura | ||||||||||||||||
| West Bengal | ||||||||||||||||
| State party in two states | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:AIADMK Flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg | 50px | Two Leaves]] | 1972 | Edappadi K. Palaniswami | Puducherry | |||||||||
| Tamil Nadu | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Flag DMK.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg | 50px]] | 1949 | M. K. Stalin | Puducherry | ||||||||||
| Tamil Nadu | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Flag of the Naga People's Front.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cock.png | 50px]] | 1963 | Neiphiu Rio | Manipur | ||||||||||
| Nagaland | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Flag of Nationalist Congress Party.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Clock.png | 50px]] | 1999 | Ajit Pawar | Maharashtra | ||||||||||
| Nagaland | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:NCP (SP) flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Man Blowing Turha.png | 50px]] | 2024 | Sharad Pawar | Maharashtra | ||||||||||
| Nagaland | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:RJD Flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hurricane Lamp.png | 50px]] | 1997 | Lalu Prasad Yadav | |||||||||||
| Tejashwi Yadav | Bihar | |||||||||||||||
| Jharkhand | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Telugu Desam Party Flag.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png | 50px]] | 1982 | N. Chandrababu Naidu | Andhra Pradesh | ||||||||||
| Telangana | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg | 50px]] | 2011 | Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy | Andhra Pradesh | ||||||||||||
| Telangana | ||||||||||||||||
| State party in one state | ||||||||||||||||
| [[File:All India Forward Bloc flag.svg | 50x50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg | 50px]] | 1939 | Debabrata Biswas | West Bengal | ||||||||||
| [[File:AIMIM FLAG.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg | 50px | kite]] | 1927 | Asaduddin Owaisi | Telangana | |||||||||
| [[File:All India N.R. Congress.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Jug.svg | 50px]] | 2011 | N. Rangaswamy | Puducherry | ||||||||||
| [[File:AIUDF logo.webp | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lock And Key.svg | 50px]] | 2005 | Badruddin Ajmal | Assam | ||||||||||
| [[File:ANSU Party flag.jpg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Banana.svg | 50px]] | 1986 | Sudesh Mahto | Jharkhand | ||||||||||
| [[File:Apna dal Flag.svg | 50px]] | 2016 | Anupriya Patel | Uttar Pradesh | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png | 50px]] | 1985 | Atul Bora | Assam | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Flag of Bharat Rashtra Samithi new.svg | 50px]] | 2001 | K. Chandrashekar Rao | Telangana | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Biju Janata Dal flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Conch.svg | 50px]] | 1997 | Naveen Patnaik | Odisha | ||||||||||
| [[File:BPF-Flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Nangol.svg | 50px]] | 2005 | Hagrama Mohilary | Assam | ||||||||||
| [[File:CPIML LIBERATION FLAG.png | 50px]] | [[File:Flag Logo of CPIML.png | 50px]] | 1974 | Dipankar Bhattacharya | Bihar | ||||||||||
| [[File:Flag DMDK.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Nagara.svg | 50px]] | 2005 | Premallatha Vijayakant | Tamil Nadu | ||||||||||
| [[File:Goa Forward Party Flag.jpg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian election symbol Coconut.svg | 50px]] | 2016 | Vijai Sardesai | Goa | ||||||||||
| [[File:Hill State People's Democratic Party flag.jpg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg | 50px]] | 1968 | KP Pangniang | Meghalaya | ||||||||||
| [[File:INLD1.svg | 50px]] | 1996 | Abhay Singh Chautala | Haryana | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg | 50px]] | 1948 | Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal | Kerala | ||||||||||
| [[File:Flag green yellow.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election symbol Dao.svg | 50px]] | 2009 | Prem Kumar Reang | Tripura | ||||||||||
| [[File:JKNC-flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Plough.png | 50px]] | 1932 | Farooq Abdullah | |||||||||||
| Omar Abdullah | Jammu and Kashmir | |||||||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png | 50px]] | 1982 | Harsh Dev Singh | Jammu and Kashmir | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ink Pot and Pen.png | 50px]] | 1999 | Mehbooba Mufti | Jammu and Kashmir | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Janasena Party Flag.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian election symbol glass tumbler.svg | 50px]] | 2014 | Pawan Kalyan | Andhra Pradesh | ||||||||||
| [[File:Jannayak Janta Party flag (1).svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian election symbol Key.svg | 50px]] | 2018 | Dushyant Chautala | Haryana | ||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Farmer Ploughing (within Square).jpg | 50px]] | 2016 | Renu Jogi | Chhattisgarh | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg | 50px]] | 1972 | Hemant Soren | Jharkhand | ||||||||||
| [[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Auto Rickshaw Election Symbol.svg | 50px]] | 1964 | P. J. Joseph | Kerala | ||||||||||
| [[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg | 50px]] | 1979 | Jose K. Mani | Kerala | ||||||||||
| [[File:Lok Janshakti Party Flag.svg | 50px]] | 2000 | Bihar | |||||||||||||
| 2021 | Chirag Paswan | Nagaland | ||||||||||||||
| [[File:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Official Flag.jpg | 50px]] | [[File:Mns-symbol-railway-engine.png | 50px]] | 2006 | Raj Thackeray | Maharashtra | ||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg | 50px]] | 1963 | Deepak Dhavalikar | Goa | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Election Symbol Star.svg | 50px]] | 1961 | Zoramthanga | Mizoram | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Maize.svg | 50px]] | 1977 | Kamen Ringu | Arunachal Pradesh | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Logo Rashtriya Loktantrik party.png | 50px]] | [[File:Water bottle RLP election symbol.svg | 50px]] | 2018 | Hanuman Beniwal | Rajasthan | ||||||||||
| [[File:Revolutionary Goans Party Symbol.jpg | 50px]] | 2022 | Viresh Borkar | Goa | ||||||||||||
| [[File:RSP-flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png | 50px]] | 1940 | Manoj Bhattacharya | Kerala | ||||||||||
| [[File:Samajwadi Party New Flag.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png | 50px]] | 1992 | Akhilesh Yadav | Uttar Pradesh | ||||||||||
| [[File:SAD flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Shiromani Akali Dal symbol.svg | 50px]] | 1920 | Sukhbir Singh Badal | Punjab | ||||||||||
| [[File:Sikkim-Democratic-Front-flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Umberlla.png | 50px]] | 1993 | Pawan Kumar Chamling | Sikkim | ||||||||||
| [[File:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Symbol SKM.png | 50px]] | 2013 | Prem Singh Tamang | Sikkim | ||||||||||
| [[File:Shiv Sena-1575560401.jpg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg | 50px]] | 2022 | Eknath Shinde | Maharashtra | ||||||||||
| [[File:SS(UBT) flag.png | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Flaming Torch.png | 50px]] | 2022 | Uddhav Thackeray | Maharashtra | ||||||||||
| [[File:Tipra Logo.jpg | 50px]] | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Pineapple.png | 50px]] | 2019 | Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma | Tripura | ||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Drums.png | 50px]] | 1997 | Metbah Lyngdoh | Meghalaya | ||||||||||||
| [[File:UPPL Election Symbol.png | 50px]] | 2015 | Urkhao Gwra Brahma | Assam | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Winnower Symbol.png | 50px]] | 2021 | Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit | Meghalaya | ||||||||||||
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Sun without Rays.png | 50px]] | 1997 | H. Lalrinmawia | Mizoram | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | Lalduhoma | Mizoram |
Unrecognised parties
| Party | Founded | Leader(s) | States |
|---|---|---|---|
| Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha | 1915 | Chakrapani | All-India |
| All India Hindustan Congress Party | 2015 | Buddh Prakash Sharma | Gujarat |
| Rajasthan | |||
| All India Mahila Empowerment Party | 2017 | Nowhera Shaik | Telangana |
| Karnataka | |||
| Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam | 2018 | T. T. V. Dhinakaran | Tamil Nadu |
| Amra Bangali | 1983 | Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar | West Bengal |
| Tripura | |||
| Azad Adhikar Sena | 2022 | Amitabh Thakur, Dr Nutan Thakur | Uttar Pradesh |
| Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) | 2020 | Chanda Shekhar Azad | Uttar Pradesh |
| Bahujan Mukti Party | 2012 | Pravendra Pratap Singh | Uttar Pradesh |
| Maharashtra | |||
| Bharat Adivasi Party | 2023 | Mohan Lal Roat | Rajasthan |
| Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh | 1983 | Sundar Shaekhar | Maharashtra |
| Citizen Action Party – Sikkim | 2023 | Ganesh Kumar Rai | Sikkim |
| Gorkha Janmukti Morcha | 2007 | Bimal Gurung | West Bengal |
| Goa Suraksha Manch | 2016 | Subhash Velingkar | Goa |
| Gondwana Ganatantra Party | 1991 | Tuleshwar Hira Singh Markam | Chhattisgarh |
| Jharkhand | |||
| Maharashtra | |||
| Hindu Sena | 2011 | Vishnu Gupta | New Delhi |
| Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) | 2015 | Jitan Ram Manjhi | Bihar |
| Indiya Jananayaka Katchi | 2010 | T. R. Paarivendhar | Tamil Nadu |
| Indian Gandhiyan Party | 2012 | Aashin U S | Kerala |
| Indian Secular Front | 2021 | Naushad Siddiqui | West Bengal |
| Ittehad-e-Millat Council | 2001 | Tawqir Raza Khan | Uttar Pradesh |
| Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party | 2020 | Altaf Bukhari | Jammu and Kashmir |
| Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party | 2020 | Mir Junaid | Jammu and Kashmir |
| Jan Shakti Party of India | 2015 | Gurjeet Singh Azad | Punjab |
| Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik) | 2018 | Raghuraj Pratap Singh | Uttar Pradesh |
| Jan Suraaj Party | 2024 | Prashant Kishor | Bihar |
| Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha | 2024 | Jairam Kumar Mahato | Jharkhand |
| Karnataka Rashtra Samithi | 2019 | Ravi Krishna Reddy | Karnataka |
| Kerala Congress (B) | 1989 | K. B. Ganesh Kumar | Kerala |
| Kerala Congress (Jacob) | 1991 | Anoop Jacob | Kerala |
| Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | 2013 | E. R. Eswaran | Tamil Nadu |
| Kongunadu Makkal Katchi | 2000 | A. M. Raja | Tamil Nadu |
| Lok Satta Party | 2006 | Jaya Prakash Narayana | Andhra Pradesh |
| Telangana | |||
| Lok Insaaf Party | 2019 | Simarjit Singh Bains | Punjab |
| Makkal Needhi Maiam | 2018 | Kamal Haasan | Tamil Nadu |
| Puducherry | |||
| Manipur Peoples Party | 1968 | Sovakiran N. | Manipur |
| Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | 2009 | M. H. Jawahirullah | Tamil Nadu |
| Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 1992 | Vaiko | Tamil Nadu |
| Naam Tamilar Katchi | 1958 | Seeman | Tamil Nadu |
| NISHAD Party | 2016 | Sanjay Nishad | Uttar Pradesh |
| Odisha Jan Morcha | 2013 | Pyarimohan Mohapatra | Odisha |
| Param Digvijay Dal | 2014 | Krishna Mohan Shankar Yogi | Uttar Pradesh |
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | 1989 | S. Ramadoss | Puducherry |
| Tamil Nadu | |||
| Peace Party | 2008 | Mohamed Ayub | Uttar Pradesh |
| People's Democratic Alliance | 2012 | Bd. Behring Anal | Manipur |
| People's Democratic Front | 2001 | Ajoy Biswas | Tripura |
| Plurals Party | 2020 | Pushpam Priya Choudhary | Bihar |
| Puthiya Tamilagam | 1996 | K. Krishnasamy | Tamil Nadu |
| Raijor Dal | 2020 | Akhil Gogoi | Assam |
| Rashtriya Lok Dal | 1996 | Jayant Chaudhary | Uttar Pradesh |
| Rajasthan | |||
| Rashtriya Lok Morcha | 2023 | Upendra Kushwaha | Bihar |
| Rashtriya Samaj Paksha | 2003 | Mahadev Jankar | Maharashtra |
| Kerala | |||
| Rashtriya Ulama Council | 2008 | Aamir Rashadi Madni | Uttar Pradesh |
| Republican Party of India (Athawale) | 1999 | Ramdas Athawale | Manipur |
| Samata Party | 1994 | Uday Mandal | Bihar |
| Manipur | |||
| Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) | 1994 | Simranjit Singh Mann | Punjab |
| Social Democratic Party of India | 2009 | M. K. Faizy | Karnataka |
| Kerala | |||
| Tamil Nadu | |||
| Socialist Party | 2011 | Thampan Thomas | Uttar Pradesh |
| Socialist Unity Centre of India | 1948 | Provash Ghosh | All-India |
| Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party | 2002 | Om Prakash Rajbhar | Uttar Pradesh |
| Swaraj India | 2016 | Yogendra Yadav | Haryana |
| Karnataka | |||
| Maharashtra | |||
| Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) | 1996 | G. K. Vasan | Tamil Nadu |
| Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam | 2024 | Vijay | Puducherry |
| Tamil Nadu | |||
| Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaingar Peravai | 2001 | U. Thaniyarasu | Tamil Nadu |
| Uttarakhand Kranti Dal | 1979 | Kashi Singh Airy | Uttarakhand |
| Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi | 2018 | Prakash Yashwant Ambedkar | Maharashtra |
| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | 1990 | Thol. Thirumavalavan | Tamil Nadu |
| Vikassheel Insaan Party | 2018 | Mukesh Sahani | Bihar |
| Welfare Party of India | 2011 | S. Q. R. Ilyas | Kerala |
Historical parties
| Party | Flag | Election symbol | Leader(s) | State(s) | Ideology | Founded | Dissolved | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Krishak Sramik Party | A. K. Fazlul Haq | Populism | 1929 | 1947 | ||||
| Scheduled Castes Federation | Dr. B. R. Ambedkar | Social equality | ||||||
| Social justice | 1942 | 1957 | ||||||
| Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress | A. Nesamony | 1945 | 1957 | |||||
| Socialist Party of India | Jaya Prakash Narayan | Socialism | 1948 | 1952 | ||||
| Lok Sewak Sangh | 1948 | 1971 | ||||||
| Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad | Swami Karpatri | Hindu nationalism | 1948 | 1971 | ||||
| All India Ganatantra Parishad | Rajendra Narayana Singh Deo | Liberalism | ||||||
| Agrarianism | 1950 | 1962 | ||||||
| Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party | 1951 | 1954 | ||||||
| Commonweal Party | 1951 | 1954 | ||||||
| People's Democratic Front | Communism | |||||||
| Marxism–Leninism | 1951 | 1958 | ||||||
| Krishikar Lok Party | N. G. Ranga | 1951 | 1959 | |||||
| Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party | Regionalism | 1951 | 1960 | |||||
| Bharatiya Jana Sangh | [[File:Oil lamp.svg | 50px | Diya, a traditional oil lamp, was the symbol of the party]] | Shyamaprasad Mukherjee | Hindu nationalism | |||
| National conservatism | 1951 | 1977 | ||||||
| Praja Socialist Party | [[File:Flag of Praja Socialist Party.svg | 50x50px]] | J. B. Kripalani | Socialism | 1952 | 1972 | ||
| Swatantra Party | [[File:Swatantra-Party-flag.svg | 50px]] | [[File:Swatantra Party symbol.png | 50px]] | Chakravarti Rajagopalachari | Liberal conservatism | ||
| Secularism | 1959 | 1974 | ||||||
| Samyukta Socialist Party | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Tree.png | 50px]] | George Fernandes | Socialism | 1964 | 1977 | ||
| Bangla Congress | Ajoy Mukherjee | 1967 | 1971 | |||||
| Bharatiya Kranti Dal | Charan Singh | 1967 | 1974 | |||||
| Utkal Congress | Biju Patnaik | 1969 | 1974 | |||||
| Syndicate Congress | K. Kamaraj | 1969 | 1977 | |||||
| Pragati Legislature Party | Biju Patnaik | 1973 | 1974 | |||||
| Congress for Democracy | Jagjivan Ram | 1977 | 1977 | |||||
| Janata Party (Secular) or Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party or Lokdal | Charan Singh | Secularism | 1979 (JPE-S), | |||||
| 1984 (DMKP), | ||||||||
| 1980, 1985 (LD) | 1988 | |||||||
| Indian Congress (Socialist) | Sarat Chandra Sinha | 1978 | 1986 | |||||
| Indian National Congress (U) | D. Devaraj Urs | 1979 | 1981 | |||||
| Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) | Jagjivan Ram | 1981 | 1988 | |||||
| Jan Morcha | V. P. Singh | 1987 | 1988 | |||||
| Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani | Sivaji Ganesan | 1988 | 1989 | |||||
| Janata Dal | [[File:Janata Dal symbol.svg | 60px]] | V. P. Singh | 1988 | 1999 | |||
| Lok Shakti | Ramakrishna Hegde | 1998 | 2003 | |||||
| Lok Janshakti Party | [[File:Lok Janshakti Party Flag.svg | 60px]] | Ramvilas Paswan | 2000 | 2021 | |||
| Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik) | Pappu Yadav | 2015 | 2024 | |||||
| Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party | [[File:Partyrop.png | 60px]] | Neiphiu Rio | 2018 | 2025 |
Notes
References
References
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- (23 March 2024). "List of State Parties". [[Election Commission of India]].
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- (2 October 2021). "Lok Janshakti Party - Interim Order". [[Election Commission of India]].
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- (27 March 2024). "List of RUPPs". [[Election Commission of India]].
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- Shyam Singh, 2010. "[https://www.isec.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/WP-242-Shyam-Singh.pdf Dalit Movement and Emergence of the Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh: Politics and Priorities]," Working Papers 242, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
- (April 1992). "Bharatiya Janata Party: An Alternative to the Congress (I)?". Asian Survey.
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- Halarnkar, Samar. (13 June 2012). "Narendra Modi makes his move". BBC News.
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