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List of political parties in India

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Summary

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India has a multi-party system, and the Election Commission of India (ECI) grants recognition to national-level and state-level political parties based on objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges such as a reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in deciding election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties wishing to contest local, state, or national elections must be registered with the ECI. Registered parties can be upgraded to recognized national or state parties by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election. The ECI periodically reviews the recognized party status.

Before the amendment in 2016 (which came into force on 1 January 2014), if a political party failed to fulfill the criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, it would lose its status as a recognized party. In 2016, the ECI announced that a periodic review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of after every election. Therefore, a political party will retain its recognized party status even if it does not meet the criteria in the next election. However, if it fails to meet the criteria in the election following the next one, it would lose its status.

As per latest publications dated 23 March 2024 from Election Commission of India, and subsequent notifications, there are 6 national parties, 59 state parties, and 2,049 registered unrecognized parties (RUPP) in India. All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by the ECI. All 29 states of the country and the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, and Puducherry have elected legislatures unless President's rule is imposed under certain conditions.

Criteria for recognition

National party status

A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfills any one of the three conditions listed below:

  • If its candidates have secured at least 6% of total valid votes in at least 4 states (in latest Lok Sabha or Assembly elections) and the party has at least 4 MPs in the last Lok Sabha polls.
  • If it has won at least 2% of the total seats in the Lok Sabha from at least 3 states.
  • It is 'recognised' in four or more states.

State party status

A registered party is recognised as a state party only if it fulfils any one of the five conditions listed below:

  • A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to the state legislative assembly and win at least two seats in that state assembly.
  • A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to Lok Sabha and win at least one seat in Lok Sabha.
  • A party should win at least three per cent of the total number of seats or any fraction thereof allotted to that state.
  • At least one MP for every 25 members or any fraction allotted to the state in the Lok Sabha.
  • Under the liberalised criteria, one more clause that it will be eligible for recognition as state party if it secures eight per cent or more of the total valid votes polled in the state.

National parties

PartyAbbr.FlagElection
symbolPolitical
positionPositionFoundedLeaderGovernment in states/UTsNumber of seatsChief ministersRuling coalitionLok SabhaRajya SabhaState
assembliesState
councils
AAP[[File:Aam Aadmi Party flag (2).svg50px]]50px]]Centre{{Plainlistclass=nowrapArvind Kejriwal
BSP[[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg50px]]50px]]Centre-left{{PlainlistMayawati
BJP[[File:BJP Flag.svg50px]]50px]]Right-wing to far-right{{PlainlistNitin Nabin
CPI(M)[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg50px]]50px]]Left-wingMarxism–Leninism
Socialism
SecularismMarian Alexander Baby
INC[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg50px]][[File:Hand INC.svg50px]]Centre{{PlainlistMallikarjun Kharge
NPP[[File:NPP Flag.jpg50px]]50px]]Centre-right{{PlainlistConrad Sangma

State parties

PartyFlagElection
symbolFoundedLeader(s)Recognised in state(s)Government in states/UTsSeatsChief ministerRuling coalitionLok SabhaRajya SabhaState
assembliesState
councils
State party in three states
[[File:CPI-banner.svg50px]][[File:CPI symbol.svg50px]]1925D. RajaKerala
Manipur
Tamil Nadu
[[File:JD(S) Flag.png50px]][[File:Indian election symbol female farmer.svg50px]]1999H. D. Deve Gowda
H. D. KumaraswamyArunachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
[[File:Janata Dal (United) Flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Arrow.svg50px]]2003Nitish KumarArunachal Pradesh
Bihar
Manipur
[[File:All India Trinamool Congress flag (2).svg50px]][[File:All India Trinamool Congress symbol 2021.svg50px]]1998Mamata BanerjeeMeghalaya
Tripura
West Bengal
State party in two states
[[File:AIADMK Flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg50pxTwo Leaves]]1972Edappadi K. PalaniswamiPuducherry
Tamil Nadu
[[File:Flag DMK.svg50px]][[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg50px]]1949M. K. StalinPuducherry
Tamil Nadu
[[File:Flag of the Naga People's Front.png50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Cock.png50px]]1963Neiphiu RioManipur
Nagaland
[[File:Flag of Nationalist Congress Party.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Clock.png50px]]1999Ajit PawarMaharashtra
Nagaland
[[File:NCP (SP) flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Man Blowing Turha.png50px]]2024Sharad PawarMaharashtra
Nagaland
[[File:RJD Flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Hurricane Lamp.png50px]]1997Lalu Prasad Yadav
Tejashwi YadavBihar
Jharkhand
[[File:Telugu Desam Party Flag.png50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png50px]]1982N. Chandrababu NaiduAndhra Pradesh
Telangana
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg50px]]2011Y. S. Jagan Mohan ReddyAndhra Pradesh
Telangana
State party in one state
[[File:All India Forward Bloc flag.svg50x50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg50px]]1939Debabrata BiswasWest Bengal
[[File:AIMIM FLAG.png50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg50pxkite]]1927Asaduddin OwaisiTelangana
[[File:All India N.R. Congress.png50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Jug.svg50px]]2011N. RangaswamyPuducherry
[[File:AIUDF logo.webp50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Lock And Key.svg50px]]2005Badruddin AjmalAssam
[[File:ANSU Party flag.jpg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Banana.svg50px]]1986Sudesh MahtoJharkhand
[[File:Apna dal Flag.svg50px]]2016Anupriya PatelUttar Pradesh
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png50px]]1985Atul BoraAssam
[[File:Flag of Bharat Rashtra Samithi new.svg50px]]2001K. Chandrashekar RaoTelangana
[[File:Biju Janata Dal flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Conch.svg50px]]1997Naveen PatnaikOdisha
[[File:BPF-Flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Nangol.svg50px]]2005Hagrama MohilaryAssam
[[File:CPIML LIBERATION FLAG.png50px]][[File:Flag Logo of CPIML.png50px]]1974Dipankar BhattacharyaBihar
[[File:Flag DMDK.png50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Nagara.svg50px]]2005Premallatha VijayakantTamil Nadu
[[File:Goa Forward Party Flag.jpg50px]][[File:Indian election symbol Coconut.svg50px]]2016Vijai SardesaiGoa
[[File:Hill State People's Democratic Party flag.jpg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg50px]]1968KP PangniangMeghalaya
[[File:INLD1.svg50px]]1996Abhay Singh ChautalaHaryana
[[File:Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg50px]]1948Sadiq Ali Shihab ThangalKerala
[[File:Flag green yellow.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election symbol Dao.svg50px]]2009Prem Kumar ReangTripura
[[File:JKNC-flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Plough.png50px]]1932Farooq Abdullah
Omar AbdullahJammu and Kashmir
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png50px]]1982Harsh Dev SinghJammu and Kashmir
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ink Pot and Pen.png50px]]1999Mehbooba MuftiJammu and Kashmir
[[File:Janasena Party Flag.png50px]][[File:Indian election symbol glass tumbler.svg50px]]2014Pawan KalyanAndhra Pradesh
[[File:Jannayak Janta Party flag (1).svg50px]][[File:Indian election symbol Key.svg50px]]2018Dushyant ChautalaHaryana
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Farmer Ploughing (within Square).jpg50px]]2016Renu JogiChhattisgarh
[[File:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg50px]]1972Hemant SorenJharkhand
[[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg50px]][[File:Auto Rickshaw Election Symbol.svg50px]]1964P. J. JosephKerala
[[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg50px]]1979Jose K. ManiKerala
[[File:Lok Janshakti Party Flag.svg50px]]2000Bihar
2021Chirag PaswanNagaland
[[File:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Official Flag.jpg50px]][[File:Mns-symbol-railway-engine.png50px]]2006Raj ThackerayMaharashtra
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg50px]]1963Deepak DhavalikarGoa
[[File:Election Symbol Star.svg50px]]1961ZoramthangaMizoram
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Maize.svg50px]]1977Kamen RinguArunachal Pradesh
[[File:Logo Rashtriya Loktantrik party.png50px]][[File:Water bottle RLP election symbol.svg50px]]2018Hanuman BeniwalRajasthan
[[File:Revolutionary Goans Party Symbol.jpg50px]]2022Viresh BorkarGoa
[[File:RSP-flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png50px]]1940Manoj BhattacharyaKerala
[[File:Samajwadi Party New Flag.png50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png50px]]1992Akhilesh YadavUttar Pradesh
[[File:SAD flag.svg50px]][[File:Shiromani Akali Dal symbol.svg50px]]1920Sukhbir Singh BadalPunjab
[[File:Sikkim-Democratic-Front-flag.svg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Umberlla.png50px]]1993Pawan Kumar ChamlingSikkim
[[File:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha flag.svg50px]][[File:Symbol SKM.png50px]]2013Prem Singh TamangSikkim
[[File:Shiv Sena-1575560401.jpg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg50px]]2022Eknath ShindeMaharashtra
[[File:SS(UBT) flag.png50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Flaming Torch.png50px]]2022Uddhav ThackerayMaharashtra
[[File:Tipra Logo.jpg50px]][[File:Indian Election Symbol Pineapple.png50px]]2019Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb BarmaTripura
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Drums.png50px]]1997Metbah LyngdohMeghalaya
[[File:UPPL Election Symbol.png50px]]2015Urkhao Gwra BrahmaAssam
[[File:Winnower Symbol.png50px]]2021Ardent Miller BasaiawmoitMeghalaya
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Sun without Rays.png50px]]1997H. LalrinmawiaMizoram
2017LalduhomaMizoram

Unrecognised parties

PartyFoundedLeader(s)States
Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha1915ChakrapaniAll-India
All India Hindustan Congress Party2015Buddh Prakash SharmaGujarat
Rajasthan
All India Mahila Empowerment Party2017Nowhera ShaikTelangana
Karnataka
Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam2018T. T. V. DhinakaranTamil Nadu
Amra Bangali1983Prabhat Ranjan SarkarWest Bengal
Tripura
Azad Adhikar Sena2022Amitabh Thakur, Dr Nutan ThakurUttar Pradesh
Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)2020Chanda Shekhar AzadUttar Pradesh
Bahujan Mukti Party2012Pravendra Pratap SinghUttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Bharat Adivasi Party2023Mohan Lal RoatRajasthan
Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh1983Sundar ShaekharMaharashtra
Citizen Action Party – Sikkim2023Ganesh Kumar RaiSikkim
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha2007Bimal GurungWest Bengal
Goa Suraksha Manch2016Subhash VelingkarGoa
Gondwana Ganatantra Party1991Tuleshwar Hira Singh MarkamChhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Maharashtra
Hindu Sena2011Vishnu GuptaNew Delhi
Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)2015Jitan Ram ManjhiBihar
Indiya Jananayaka Katchi2010T. R. PaarivendharTamil Nadu
Indian Gandhiyan Party2012Aashin U SKerala
Indian Secular Front2021Naushad SiddiquiWest Bengal
Ittehad-e-Millat Council2001Tawqir Raza KhanUttar Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party2020Altaf BukhariJammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party2020Mir JunaidJammu and Kashmir
Jan Shakti Party of India2015Gurjeet Singh AzadPunjab
Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)2018Raghuraj Pratap SinghUttar Pradesh
Jan Suraaj Party2024Prashant KishorBihar
Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha2024Jairam Kumar MahatoJharkhand
Karnataka Rashtra Samithi2019Ravi Krishna ReddyKarnataka
Kerala Congress (B)1989K. B. Ganesh KumarKerala
Kerala Congress (Jacob)1991Anoop JacobKerala
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi2013E. R. EswaranTamil Nadu
Kongunadu Makkal Katchi2000A. M. RajaTamil Nadu
Lok Satta Party2006Jaya Prakash NarayanaAndhra Pradesh
Telangana
Lok Insaaf Party2019Simarjit Singh BainsPunjab
Makkal Needhi Maiam2018Kamal HaasanTamil Nadu
Puducherry
Manipur Peoples Party1968Sovakiran N.Manipur
Manithaneya Makkal Katchi2009M. H. JawahirullahTamil Nadu
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1992VaikoTamil Nadu
Naam Tamilar Katchi1958SeemanTamil Nadu
NISHAD Party2016Sanjay NishadUttar Pradesh
Odisha Jan Morcha2013Pyarimohan MohapatraOdisha
Param Digvijay Dal2014Krishna Mohan Shankar YogiUttar Pradesh
Pattali Makkal Katchi1989S. RamadossPuducherry
Tamil Nadu
Peace Party2008Mohamed AyubUttar Pradesh
People's Democratic Alliance2012Bd. Behring AnalManipur
People's Democratic Front2001Ajoy BiswasTripura
Plurals Party2020Pushpam Priya ChoudharyBihar
Puthiya Tamilagam1996K. KrishnasamyTamil Nadu
Raijor Dal2020Akhil GogoiAssam
Rashtriya Lok Dal1996Jayant ChaudharyUttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Rashtriya Lok Morcha2023Upendra KushwahaBihar
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha2003Mahadev JankarMaharashtra
Kerala
Rashtriya Ulama Council2008Aamir Rashadi MadniUttar Pradesh
Republican Party of India (Athawale)1999Ramdas AthawaleManipur
Samata Party1994Uday MandalBihar
Manipur
Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)1994Simranjit Singh MannPunjab
Social Democratic Party of India2009M. K. FaizyKarnataka
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Socialist Party2011Thampan ThomasUttar Pradesh
Socialist Unity Centre of India1948Provash GhoshAll-India
Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party2002Om Prakash RajbharUttar Pradesh
Swaraj India2016Yogendra YadavHaryana
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)1996G. K. VasanTamil Nadu
Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam2024VijayPuducherry
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaingar Peravai2001U. ThaniyarasuTamil Nadu
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal1979Kashi Singh AiryUttarakhand
Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi2018Prakash Yashwant AmbedkarMaharashtra
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi1990Thol. ThirumavalavanTamil Nadu
Vikassheel Insaan Party2018Mukesh SahaniBihar
Welfare Party of India2011S. Q. R. IlyasKerala

Historical parties

PartyFlagElection symbolLeader(s)State(s)IdeologyFoundedDissolved
Krishak Sramik PartyA. K. Fazlul HaqPopulism19291947
Scheduled Castes FederationDr. B. R. AmbedkarSocial equality
Social justice19421957
Travancore Tamil Nadu CongressA. Nesamony19451957
Socialist Party of IndiaJaya Prakash NarayanSocialism19481952
Lok Sewak Sangh19481971
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya ParishadSwami KarpatriHindu nationalism19481971
All India Ganatantra ParishadRajendra Narayana Singh DeoLiberalism
Agrarianism19501962
Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party19511954
Commonweal Party19511954
People's Democratic FrontCommunism
Marxism–Leninism19511958
Krishikar Lok PartyN. G. Ranga19511959
Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata PartyRegionalism19511960
Bharatiya Jana Sangh[[File:Oil lamp.svg50pxDiya, a traditional oil lamp, was the symbol of the party]]Shyamaprasad MukherjeeHindu nationalism
National conservatism19511977
Praja Socialist Party[[File:Flag of Praja Socialist Party.svg50x50px]]J. B. KripalaniSocialism19521972
Swatantra Party[[File:Swatantra-Party-flag.svg50px]][[File:Swatantra Party symbol.png50px]]Chakravarti RajagopalachariLiberal conservatism
Secularism19591974
Samyukta Socialist Party[[File:Indian Election Symbol Tree.png50px]]George FernandesSocialism19641977
Bangla CongressAjoy Mukherjee19671971
Bharatiya Kranti DalCharan Singh19671974
Utkal CongressBiju Patnaik19691974
Syndicate CongressK. Kamaraj19691977
Pragati Legislature PartyBiju Patnaik19731974
Congress for DemocracyJagjivan Ram19771977
Janata Party (Secular) or Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party or LokdalCharan SinghSecularism1979 (JPE-S),
1984 (DMKP),
1980, 1985 (LD)1988
Indian Congress (Socialist)Sarat Chandra Sinha19781986
Indian National Congress (U)D. Devaraj Urs19791981
Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)Jagjivan Ram19811988
Jan MorchaV. P. Singh19871988
Thamizhaga Munnetra MunnaniSivaji Ganesan19881989
Janata Dal[[File:Janata Dal symbol.svg60px]]V. P. Singh19881999
Lok ShaktiRamakrishna Hegde19982003
Lok Janshakti Party[[File:Lok Janshakti Party Flag.svg60px]]Ramvilas Paswan20002021
Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)Pappu Yadav20152024
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party[[File:Partyrop.png60px]]Neiphiu Rio20182025

Notes

References

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