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List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol

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List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol

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Participation in the Kyoto Protocol
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As of June 2013, there are 192 parties to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to combat global warming. This total includes 191 states (189 United Nations member states as well as the Cook Islands and Niue) and one supranational union (the European Union). Canada renounced the protocol effective 15 December 2012 and ceased to be a member from that date.

With the Protocol's 2008-2012 commitment period expiring, the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was agreed to, which establishes new commitments for the period 2013–2020. As of October 2020, 147 states have accepted this amendment.

Parties

Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that a state is legally bound by the provisions of the treaty. For Annex I parties (e.g. a developed state or one with an 'economy in transition') this means that it has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol.

Iceland was the 55th state to ratify, fulfilling the first condition for coming-into-force. With Russia's ratification the "55 percent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of the Parties included in Annex I" clause was satisfied and the treaty was brought into force, effective 16 February 2005. As of October 2020, 147 states have accepted the Doha amendment. It will enter into force as of 31 December 2020.

url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&clang=_entitle=Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changedate=2013-07-23accessdate=2013-07-24publisher=United Nations Treaty Series}}Annexurl=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop3/07a01.pdftitle=REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997 – Annex Table: Total carbon dioxide emissions of Annex I Parties in 1990, for the purposes of Article 25 of the Kyoto Protocoldate=1998-03-25accessdate=2016-04-26publisher=United Nationsvolume=FCCC/CP/1997/7Add.1}}url=http://unfccc.int/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/items/1678.phptitle=Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changeaccessdate=2016-04-28publisher=United Nations}}url=http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdftitle=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocolaccessdate=2016-04-28publisher=United Nations}}SignedRatification / AcceptanceAmendment acceptanceNotesTotalsI: 38 + EU
II: 21+EU33 (63.9%)-%: 31 (24)
0%: 3 (5)
+%: 3 (8)192 (incl. EU)147
Afghanistan25 March 2013
Albania1 April 200522 October 2020
Algeria16 February 200528 September 2015
Angola8 May 200722 September 2020
Antigua and Barbuda16 March 19983 November 199823 September 2016
Argentina16 March 199828 September 20011 December 2015
Armenia25 April 200331 March 2017
AustraliaI, II2.1%+8%−0.5%29 April 19983 December 20079 November 2016
AustriaI, II0.4%−8% (−13%)−20% (−16%)24 September 199831 May 200221 December 2017
Azerbaijan28 September 20001 July 2015
Bahamas9 April 19994 November 2015
Bahrain31 January 2006
Bangladesh22 October 200113 November 2013
Barbados7 August 200014 August 2013
BelarusI-none−12%26 August 2005
BelgiumI, II0.8%−8% (−7.5%)−20% (−15%)29 April 199831 May 200214 November 2017
Belize26 September 200324 July 2018
Benin25 February 200229 August 2018
Bhutan26 August 200229 September 2015
Bolivia9 July 199830 November 199917 September 2020
Bosnia and Herzegovina16 April 2007
Botswana8 August 20037 March 2016
Brazil29 April 199823 August 200213 February 2018
Brunei20 August 200914 November 2014
BulgariaI0.6%−8%−20% (+20%)18 September 199815 August 200221 December 2017
Burkina Faso31 March 200529 November 2016
Burundi18 October 2001
Cambodia22 August 200217 November 2015
Cameroon28 August 2002
Cape Verde10 February 2006
Central African Republic18 March 2008
Chad18 August 2009
Chile17 June 199826 August 200210 November 2015
China29 May 199830 August 20022 June 2014Hong Kong: applied since 8 April 2003
Macao: applied since 14 January 2008
Colombia30 November 2001
Comoros10 April 20087 September 2014
Democratic Republic of the Congo23 March 2005
Republic of the Congo12 February 200714 May 2015
Cook Islands16 September 199827 August 20015 November 2018
Costa Rica27 April 19989 August 200221 September 2016
Côte d'Ivoire23 April 2007
CroatiaI-−5%−20% (+11%)11 March 199927 April 200721 December 2017
Cuba15 March 199930 April 200228 December 2016
CyprusI-none−20% (−5%)16 July 199910 December 2015
Czech RepublicI1.2%−8%−20% (+9%)23 November 199815 November 200121 December 2017
DenmarkI, II0.4%−8% (−21%)−20% (−20%)29 April 199831 May 200221 December 2017Greenland: applied
Faroe Islands: not applied
Djibouti12 March 200223 September 2014
Dominica25 January 200515 July 2019
Dominican Republic12 February 200221 September 2016
Ecuador15 January 199913 January 200020 April 2015
Egypt15 March 199912 January 20053 February 2020
El Salvador8 June 199813 January 200018 September 2019
Equatorial Guinea16 August 2000
Eritrea28 July 20053 May 2018
EstoniaI0.3%−8%−20% (+11%)3 December 199814 October 200221 December 2017
Ethiopia14 April 200526 June 2015
European UnionI, II−8%−20%29 April 199831 May 200221 December 2017All ratifications of the 15 then-EU-members and the EU itself were deposited simultaneously. For the purpose of satisfying the entry-into-force conditions, the EU's ratification was not counted.
Fiji17 September 199817 September 199819 September 2017
FinlandI, II0.4%−8% (0%)−20% (−16%)29 April 199831 May 200216 November 2017
FranceI, II2.7%−8% (0%)−20% (−14%)29 April 199831 May 200230 November 2017French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion: applied
French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, French Southern Territories, Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon: not applied
Gabon12 December 20061 December 2017
Gambia1 June 20017 November 2016
Georgia16 June 199916 June 2020
GermanyI, II7.4%−8% (−21%)−20% (−14%)29 April 199831 May 200214 November 2017
Ghana30 May 200324 September 2020
GreeceI, II0.6%−8% (+25%)−20% (−4%)29 April 199831 May 200221 December 2017
Grenada6 August 20021 April 2015
Guatemala10 July 19985 October 199915 October 2019
Guinea7 September 20006 April 2016
Guinea-Bissau18 November 200522 October 2018
Guyana5 August 200323 December 2014
Haiti6 July 2005
Honduras25 February 199919 July 200011 April 2014
HungaryI0.5%−6%−20% (+10%)21 August 20021 October 2015
IcelandI, II0.0%+10%−20%23 May 20027 October 2015
India26 August 20028 August 2017
Indonesia13 July 19983 December 200430 September 2014
Iran22 August 2005
Iraq28 July 2009
IrelandI, II0.2%−8% (+13%)−20% (−20%)29 April 199831 May 200221 December 2017
Israel16 December 199815 March 2004
ItalyI, II3.1%−8% (−6.5%)−20% (−13%)29 April 199831 May 200218 July 2016
Jamaica28 June 19991 October 2020
JapanI, II8.5%−6%none28 April 19984 June 2002
Jordan17 January 20033 January 2020
KazakhstanI (dec.)-none−5%12 March 199919 June 2009
Kenya25 February 20057 April 2014
Kiribati7 September 200011 February 2016
North Korea27 April 2005
South Korea25 September 19988 November 200227 May 2015
Kuwait11 March 20058 May 2019
Kyrgyzstan13 May 2003
Laos6 February 200323 April 2019
LatviaI0.2%−8%−20% (+17%)14 December 19985 July 200221 December 2017
Lebanon13 November 2006
Lesotho6 September 200018 January 2019
Liberia5 November 200217 August 2015
Libya24 August 2006
LiechtensteinI0.0%−8%−16%29 June 19983 December 200423 February 2015
LithuaniaI-−8%−20% (+15%)21 September 19983 January 200322 November 2017
LuxembourgI, II0.1%−8% (−28%)−20% (−20%)29 April 199831 May 200221 September 2017
Madagascar24 September 20031 October 2015
Malawi26 October 200129 June 2017
Malaysia12 March 19994 September 200212 April 2017
Maldives16 March 199830 December 19981 July 2015
Mali27 January 199928 March 20027 December 2015
MaltaI-none−20% (+5%)17 April 199811 November 200121 December 2017
Marshall Islands17 March 199811 August 20037 May 2015
Mauritania22 July 2005
Mauritius9 May 20015 September 2013
Mexico9 June 19987 September 200023 September 2014
Federated States of Micronesia17 March 199821 June 199919 February 2014
Moldova22 April 2003
MonacoI0.0%−8%−22%29 April 199827 February 200627 December 2013
Mongolia15 December 199920 February 2019
Montenegro4 June 200726 December 2018
Morocco25 January 20025 September 2014
Mozambique18 January 2005
Myanmar13 August 200319 September 2017
Namibia4 September 200317 February 2015
Nauru16 August 20011 December 2014
Nepal16 September 2005
NetherlandsI, II1.2%−8% (−6%)−20% (−16%)29 April 199831 May 200222 November 2017Aruba: not applied
Curaçao: not applied
Sint Maarten: not applied
Caribbean Netherlands: not applied
New ZealandI, II0.2%0%none22 May 199819 December 200230 November 2015Tokelau: not applied
Nicaragua7 July 199818 November 19993 July 2019
Niger23 October 199830 September 20041 August 2018
Nigeria10 December 20042 October 2020
Niue8 December 19986 May 199910 December 2019
North Macedonia18 November 200418 October 2019
NorwayI, II0.3%+1%−16%29 April 199830 May 200212 June 2014
Oman19 January 2005
Pakistan11 January 200531 October 2017
Palau10 December 199910 March 2015
Panama8 June 19985 March 199929 September 2015
Papua New Guinea2 March 199928 March 2002
Paraguay25 August 199827 August 199921 February 2019
Peru13 November 199812 September 200224 September 2014
Philippines15 April 199820 November 200313 April 2016
PolandI3.0%−6%−20% (+14%)15 July 199813 December 200228 September 2018
PortugalI, II0.3%−8% (+27%)−20% (+1%)29 April 199831 May 200222 November 2017
Qatar11 January 200528 October 2020
RomaniaI1.2%−8%−20% (+19%)5 January 199919 March 20013 May 2016
RussiaI17.4%0%none11 March 199918 November 2004
Rwanda22 July 200420 November 2015
Saint Kitts and Nevis8 April 200825 October 2016
Saint Lucia16 March 199820 August 200320 November 2018
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines19 March 199831 December 2004
Samoa16 March 199827 November 200018 September 2015
San Marino28 April 20104 August 2015
Sao Tome and Principe24 July 2008
Saudi Arabia31 January 2005
Senegal20 July 200127 May 2020
Serbia24 September 200730 June 2017
Seychelles20 March 199822 July 200215 July 2015
Sierra Leone10 November 200615 June 2020
Singapore12 April 200623 September 2014
SlovakiaI0.4%−8%−20% (+13%)26 February 199931 May 200216 November 2017
SloveniaI-−8%−20% (+4%)21 October 19982 August 200221 December 2017
Solomon Islands29 September 199813 March 20035 September 2014
Somalia26 July 2010
South Africa31 July 20027 May 2015
SpainI, II1.9%−8% (+15%)−20% (−10%)29 April 199831 May 200214 November 2017
Sri Lanka3 September 20022 December 2015
Sudan2 November 20043 February 2014
Suriname25 September 2006
Swaziland13 January 200621 September 2016
SwedenI, II0.4%−8% (+4%)−20% (−17%)29 April 199831 May 200214 November 2017
SwitzerlandI, II0.3%−8%−15.8%16 March 19989 July 200328 August 2015
Syria27 January 2006
Tajikistan5 January 2009
Tanzania26 August 2002
Thailand2 February 199928 August 20021 September 2015
Timor-Leste14 October 2008
Togo2 July 20045 November 2018
Tonga14 January 20085 November 2018
Trinidad and Tobago7 January 199928 January 19996 August 2015
Tunisia22 January 2003
TurkeyI-nonenone28 May 2009
Turkmenistan28 September 199811 January 1999
Tuvalu16 November 199816 November 19984 December 2014
Uganda25 March 20028 July 2015
UkraineI-0%−24%15 March 199912 April 2004
United Arab Emirates26 January 200526 April 2013
United KingdomI, II4.3%−8% (−12.5%)−20% (−16%)29 April 199831 May 200217 November 2017Guernsey and Isle of Man, applied since 4 April 2005; Gibraltar, since 2 January 2007; Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Jersey, since 7 March 2007. Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Turks and Caicos Islands or the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia: not applied
Uruguay29 July 19985 February 200112 September 2018
Uzbekistan20 November 199812 October 1999
Vanuatu17 July 200115 March 2018
Venezuela18 February 20051 March 2018
Vietnam3 December 199825 September 200222 June 2015
Yemen15 September 2004
Zambia5 August 19987 July 200622 August 2019
Zimbabwe30 June 200920 April 2016

Former parties

CountryAnnex% for ratification**emissions
limit
(2012)****emissions
limit
(2020)**SignedRatification/AcceptanceAmendment acceptanceNotes
CanadaI, II3.3%−6%none29 April 199817 December 2002Withdrew 15 December 2011, effective 15 December 2012. (See Canada and the Kyoto Protocol)

Signatory

CountryAnnex% for ratification**emissions
limit
(2012)****emissions
limit
(2020)**SignedNotes
United StatesI, II36.1%−7%none12 November 1998

Not signatories or parties

As of 2022 there are four UN member states or observers which are not party to the protocol, all of which are members of the UNFCCC: Andorra, Holy See, Palestine, South Sudan.

Notes

References

References

  1. "Kyoto Protocol Status of Ratification (pdf)".
  2. "Status of Ratification". UNFCCC's Kyoto Protocol Background.
  3. (2013-07-23). "Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". [[United Nations Treaty Series]].
  4. (2015-04-01). "Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol". [[United Nations Treaty Series]].
  5. "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". [[United Nations]].
  6. (1998-03-25). "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997 – Annex Table: Total carbon dioxide emissions of Annex I Parties in 1990, for the purposes of Article 25 of the Kyoto Protocol". [[United Nations]].
  7. "Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". [[United Nations]].
  8. (2002-05-15). "2002/358/EC: Council Decision of 25 April 2002 concerning the approval, on behalf of the European Community, of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the joint fulfilment of commitments thereunder". [[Official Journal of the European Communities]].
  9. "Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol". [[United Nations]].
  10. (3 April 2013). "Afghanistan ratifies Kyoto Protocol". [[Pajhwok Afghan News]].
  11. "Amendment to Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol". [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]].
  12. (2007-03-02). "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its second session, held at Nairobi from 6 to 17 November 2006". [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]].
  13. (2007-04-17). "KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE". [[United Nations]].
  14. (2015-04-01). "Amendment to Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". United Nations.
  15. (1998-02-13). "ADOPTION OF AMENDMENTS TO THE LIST IN ANNEX I TO THE CONVENTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 4.2 (f) OF THE CONVENTION". [[United Nations]].
  16. (2012-07-09). "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – Adoption of amendments to Annex I to the Convention". [[United Nations]].
  17. (2013-01-14). "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – Entry into force of amendments to Annex I to the Convention". [[United Nations]].
  18. "Kyoto 1st commitment period (2008–12)". [[European Commission]].
  19. (2015-08-04). "Council Decision (EU) 2015/1339 of 13 July 2015 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the joint fulfilment of commitments thereunder". [[Official Journal of the European Communities]].
  20. "Kyoto 2nd commitment period (2013–20)". [[European Commission]].
  21. (2009-06-05). "Decision No 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the effort of Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Community's greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020". [[Official Journal of the European Union]].
  22. (23 November 2016). "Effort sharing: Member States' emission targets". [[European Union]].
  23. (2002-01-21). "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS SEVENTH SESSION, HELD AT MARRAKESH FROM 29 OCTOBER TO 10 NOVEMBER 2001". [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]].
  24. (2013-07-23). "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". [[United Nations Treaty Series]].
  25. (1999-05-28). "AMENDMENT TO ANNEX I TO THE CONVENTION – Proposal from the Republic of Kazakhstan to amend Annex I to the Convention". [[United Nations]].
  26. (1999-12-21). "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS FIFTH SESSION, HELD AT BONN FROM 25 OCTOBER TO 5 NOVEMBER 1999". [[United Nations]].
  27. (2002-01-21). "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS SEVENTH SESSION, HELD AT MARRAKESH FROM 29 OCTOBER TO 10 NOVEMBER 2001". [[United Nations]].
  28. (2010-01-21). "Framework Convention on Climate Change – Secretariat". [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]].
  29. (2010-07-27). "Proposal from Kazakhstan to amend Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol". [[United Nations]].
  30. (2010-06-08). "Proposal from Kazakhstan to amend Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol". [[United Nations]].
  31. (2010-03-30). "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its fifth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009". [[United Nations]].
  32. (2011-03-15). "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its sixth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010". [[United Nations]].
  33. (2012-03-15). "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its seventh session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011". [[United Nations]].
  34. (2013-02-28). "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its eighth session, held in Doha from 26 November to 8 December 2012". [[United Nations]].
  35. (2013-02-28). "Decision 9/CMP.8 – Proposal from Kazakhstan to amend Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol". [[United Nations]].
  36. (2010-04-26). "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – Adoption of amendments to Annex I to the Convention in accordance with Article 16(3) of the Convention". [[United Nations]].
  37. (1997-07-25). "NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS – COMMUNICATIONS FROM PARTIES INCLUDED IN ANNEX I TO THE CONVENTION". [[United Nations]].
  38. "Annex I National Communications". [[United Nations]].
  39. (2002-05-23). "CROATIA – Report on the in-depth review of the first national communication of Croatia". [[United Nations]].
  40. (2000-05-10). "LITHUANIA – Report on the in-depth review of the first national communication of Lithuania". [[United Nations]].
  41. (2003-11-21). "SLOVENIA – Report on the in-depth review of the first national communication of Slovenia". [[United Nations]].
  42. (2000-11-15). "UKRAINE – Report on the in-depth review of the first national communication of Ukraine". [[United Nations]].
  43. (1997-06-20). "ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL MEETINGS – Amendments to the Convention or its Annexes – Letters from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the Azerbaijan Republic, the Netherlands (on behalf of the European Community and its Member States) and Kuwait proposing amendments to the Convention or its Annexes". [[United Nations]].
  44. (1997-12-02). "REVIEW OF INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE DECISIONS UNDER ARTICLE 4.2(f)". [[United Nations]].
  45. (1998-02-24). "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997". [[United Nations]].
  46. (1999-01-25). "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS FOURTH SESSION, HELD AT BUENOS AIRES FROM 2 TO 14 NOVEMBER 1998". [[United Nations]].
  47. (2001-04-04). "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON THE FIRST PART OF ITS SIXTH SESSION, HELD AT THE HAGUE FROM 13 TO 25 NOVEMBER 2000". [[United Nations]].
  48. (2001-10-05). "PROPOSALS TO AMEND THE LISTS IN ANNEXES I AND II TO THE CONVENTION – PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE LISTS IN ANNEXES I AND II TO THE CONVENTION BY REMOVING THE NAME OF TURKEY: REVIEW OF INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE DECISIONS UNDER ARTICLE 4, PARAGRAPH 2 (F)". [[United Nations]].
  49. -{{efn. none{{efn. none. 28 May 2009. {{in lang. tr[http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/474657.asp Ntvmsnbc.com] "Kyoto’dan sonra Türkiye’yi neler bekliyor? (English translation:''What's after Kyoto protocol for Turkey?'')" {{in lang. tr[http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/474531.asp Ntvmsnbc.com] "Türkiye, Kyoto protokolüne katılıyor (English translation:''Turkey joins to Kyoto protocol'')" {{in lang. tr[http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/448824.asp Ntvmsnbc.com] "Şimdi KYOTO zamanı (English translation:''It's time for Kyoto'')"
  50. [http://www.bianet.org/english/kategori/english/107396/turkey-will-sign-the-kyoto-protocol Bianet] {{webarchive. link. (11 March 2009 ''Turkey Will Sign The Kyoto Protocol '')
  51. [http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/64683/turkey-39-s-participation-in-kyoto-protocol-published-in-official-gazette.html Turkish Weekly] {{webarchive. link. (20 February 2009 Turkey's Participation in Kyoto Protocol Published in Official Gazette)
  52. (16 December 2011). "KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE – KYOTO, 11 DECEMBER 1997 CANADA: WITHDRAWAL". [[United Nations]].
  53. "Parties to the Convention and Observer States". UNFCC.
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