List of Panamanian monkey species

At least six monkey species are native to Panama. A seventh species, the Coiba Island howler (Alouatta coibensis) is often recognized, but some authors treat it as a subspecies of the mantled howler, (A. palliata). An eighth species, the black-headed spider monkey is also often recognized, but some authorities regard it as a subspecies of Geoffroy's spider monkey. All Panamanian monkey species are classified taxonomically as New World monkeys, and they belong to four families. The Coiba Island howler, mantled howler, black-headed spider monkey and Geoffroy's spider monkey all belong to the family Atelidae. The white-faced capuchins and Central American squirrel monkey belong to the family Cebidae. the family that includes the capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys. The Panamanian night monkey belongs to the family Aotidae, and Geoffroy's tamarin belongs to the family Callitrichidae.

The mantled howler, the Panamanian night monkey, Geoffroy's spider monkey and the Panamanian white-faced capuchin all have extensive ranges within Panama. Geoffroy's tamarin also has a fairly wide range within Panama, from west of the Panama Canal to the Colombian border. The range of the black-headed spider monkey and Colombian white-faced capuchin within Panama are limited to the eastern portion of the country near the Colombian border. The Central American squirrel monkey only occurs within Panama in the extreme western portion of the country, near Costa Rica. It now has a smaller range within Panama than in the past, and is no longer found in its type locality, the city of David. As its name suggests, the Coiba Island howler is restricted to Coiba Island. The Azuero howler monkey (Alouatta coibensis trabeata or Alouatta palliata trabeata), which is considered a subspecies of either the Coiba Island howler or the mantled howler, is restricted to the Azuero Peninsula.

The black-headed spider monkey is the largest Panamanian monkey, with an average size of 8.89 kg for males and 8.8 kg for males. Geoffroy's spider monkey is the next largest, followed by the howler monkey species. Geoffroy's tamarin is the smallest Panamanian monkey, with an average size of about 0.5 kg.

One Panamanian monkey, the black-headed spider monkey, is considered to be critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and Geoffroy's spider monkey is considered to be endangered. The Central American squirrel monkey was once considered endangered, but its conservation status was upgraded to vulnerable in 2008. The Coiba Island howler is also considered to be vulnerable. Three species, the mantled howler, the white-faeced capuchin and Geoffroy's tamarin are rated as "least concern" from a conservation standpoint.

Key

Panamanian monkey species

Latin name	Common name	Family	Average size – male	Average size – female	Conservation status	References
Alouatta coibensis	Coiba Island howler	Atelidae				author=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.	author2=Cuarón, A.D.	author3=Shedden, A.	author4=Rodriguez-Luna, E.	author5=de Grammont, P.C.	author6=Link, A.	date=2021	title=Alouatta palliata ssp. coibensis	volume=2021	article-number=e.T43899A195441006	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T43899A195441006.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}
Alouatta palliata	Mantled howler	Atelidae				author=Cortes-Ortíz, L.	author2=Rosales-Meda, M.	author3=Williams-Guillén, K.	author4=Solano-Rojas, D.	author5=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.	author6=de la Torre, S.	author7=Moscoso, P.	author8=Rodríguez, V.	author9=Palacios, E.	author10=Canales-Espinosa, D.	author11=Link, A.	author12=Guzman-Caro, D.	author13=Cornejo, F.M.	date=2021	title=Alouatta palliata	volume=2021	article-number=e.T39960A190425583	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39960A190425583.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}
Aotus zonalis	Panamanian night monkey	Aotidae				author=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.	author2=Link, A.	date=2021	title=Aotus zonalis	volume=2021	article-number=e.T39953A17922442	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39953A17922442.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}
Ateles fusciceps	Black-headed spider monkey	Atelidae				author=Moscoso, P.	author2=Link, A.	author3=Defler, T.R.	author4=de la Torre, S.	author5=Cortes-Ortíz, L.	author6=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.	author7=Shanee, S.	date=2021	title=Ateles fusciceps	volume=2021	article-number=e.T135446A191687087	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T135446A191687087.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}
Ateles geoffroyi	Geoffroy's spider monkey	Atelidae				author=Cortes-Ortíz, L.	author2=Solano-Rojas, D.	author3=Rosales-Meda, M.	author4=Williams-Guillén, K.	author5=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.	author6=Marsh, L.K.	author7=Canales-Espinosa, D.	author8=Mittermeier, R.A.	date=2021	title=Ateles geoffroyi	volume=2021	article-number=e.T2279A191688782	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2279A191688782.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}
Cebus capucinus	Colombian white-faced capuchin	Cebidae				author=de la Torre, S.	author2=Moscoso, P.	author3=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.	author4=Rosales-Meda, M.	author5=Palacios, E.	author6=Link, A.	author7=Lynch Alfaro, J.W.	author8=Mittermeier, R.A.	date=2021	title=Cebus capucinus	volume=2021	article-number=e.T81257277A191708164	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}
Cebus imitator	Panamanian white-faced capuchin	Cebidae				author=de la Torre, S.	author2=Moscoso, P.	author3=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.	author4=Rosales-Meda, M.	author5=Palacios, E.	author6=Link, A.	author7=Lynch Alfaro, J.W.	author8=Mittermeier, R.A.	date=2021	title=Cebus capucinus	volume=2021	article-number=e.T81257277A191708164	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}
Saguinus geoffroyi	Geoffroy's tamarin	Callitrichidae				author=Link, A.	author2=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.	author3=Palacios, E.	author4=Mittermeier, R.A.	date=2021	title=Saguinus geoffroyi	volume=2021	article-number=e.T41522A192551955	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41522A192551955.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}
Saimiri oerstedii	Central American squirrel monkey	Cebidae				author=Solano-Rojas, D.	date=2021	title=Saimiri oerstedii	volume=2021	article-number=e.T19836A17940807	doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19836A17940807.en	access-date=11 November 2021}}