List of outdoor ice hockey games

History

In the early history of hockey, games were played outdoors on rivers, lakes, and other naturally occurring ice surfaces. The first indoor game, held in 1875, was a novelty at the time, and after that the game moved inside. While the first Olympic hockey tournament, held in 1920, was played indoors, games at the first Winter Olympics in 1924 were the first of several such tournaments to be played outdoors. Games at the World Championships were occasionally played outdoors, including the final game in 1957 between the Soviet Union and Sweden at the Lenin Stadium in Moscow. The attendance at that game was approximately 55,000, a number that stood as a record for more than 40 years. In 1954, the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) played an exhibition game on an outdoor ice surface against the inmates of Michigan's Marquette Branch Prison.

While the New York Rangers and the Los Angeles Kings played an NHL exhibition game in 1991 outside Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, the modern trend for outdoor competition began in 2001. That year, Michigan State University and the University of Michigan played to a 3–3 tie in an outdoor game known as the Cold War before 74,554 fans. The game was held at Michigan State's Spartan Stadium, with the hockey rink set up in the middle of the football field.

The NHL's first regular season outdoor game ensued: the 2003 Heritage Classic, hosted by the Edmonton Oilers, who lost by a 4–3 score to the Montreal Canadiens. Though the game was played in frigid temperatures that went as low as -19 °C, it drew over 57,000 fans and was hailed as a success. The league followed it up in 2008 when it inaugurated the NHL Winter Classic as an annual event to be held on New Year's Day. The 2008 NHL Winter Classic, held in Buffalo, set an NHL attendance record of 71,217. The 2014 NHL Winter Classic, held at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan, set a new NHL attendance record of 105,491. In 2011, for the first time the NHL hosted two outdoor games, the Winter Classic in Pittsburgh, and the Heritage Classic in Calgary.

Outdoor games have been held by many leagues around the world. The Swiss league's SCL Tigers hosted SC Bern in an outdoor game to celebrate the 100th Tigers–Bern Derby in 2007. In 2009, Swedish clubs Frölunda HC and Färjestads BK played a game at Ullevi. The game broke the former European league-game record for attendance at that time with a crowd of 31,144 (beaten in February 2011 when Jokerit and HIFK played in front of 36,644 spectators). The game also broke the Swedish record crowd of 23,192, set in the same stadium in 1962. The current world record for attendance at a hockey game was set in December 2010, in an NCAA game between the same two teams that participated in the Cold War. In this game, Michigan hosted Michigan State in an event known as The Big Chill at the Big House. The game had an announced attendance of 113,411 spectators, but Guinness World Records certified the attendance as 104,173 based on tickets scanned. The record had previously been set at the opening game of the 2010 IIHF World Championship, in which the hosting Germans defeated the United States 2–1 before a then-record 77,803 fans. Although the game was held at Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, it was not technically an outdoor game, as the stadium's retractable roof was closed due to International Ice Hockey Federation regulations. In 2010, Färjestad and Frölunda again played an outdoor game against each other, this time in Karlstad. 15,274 spectators saw Färjestad win the game 5–2.

Popularity

Outdoor games have proven to be immensely popular with fans. For the 2003 Heritage Classic, the NHL received over 900,000 requests from all over the world for a chance to buy one of the 57,167 tickets available. CBC's Hockey Night in Canada telecast of the game drew 2.7 million viewers, a record for a regular season game for the half-century old television program. In the United States, the Winter Classics have been a ratings winner; 4.56 million people watched the 2011 Winter Classic, and the game led to a ratings win for NBC in the coveted 18–49 age group despite the fact that poor weather forced the NHL to move the start time of the game back several hours on less than a day's notice. It became the most watched NHL regular season game in the last 36 years. The games have been credited as causing increased interest in hockey in the United States. In Russia, the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) hosted its first All-Star Game in 2009 in Moscow's Red Square. The league used the location to promote the KHL during the 2008 financial crisis.

Games

Though games have been held outdoors since the sport's earliest days, this list contains only those held since the 2001 Cold War popularized the trend of holding outdoor games as events. This list also does not contain games held in domed or retractable roof stadiums that were closed during the game such as the Frozen Dome Classic held at the Carrier Dome in 2014. |- | || event name || COU Arena Location (city) || League || Home team || homescore–awayscore || Visiting team || (attendance number) || notes about game ||

Notes

References

References

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64. (2010-03-15). "Fairbanks embraces outdoor game to its fullest". North America Hockey League.
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68. (2012-01-02). "Rangers turn away Flyers as Mike Rupp, Henrik Lundqvist fuel Winter Classic rally". ESPN.com.
69. "Flyers' AHL team to play outdoors vs. Hershey".
70. (2011-08-27). "Matchups set for Frozen Fenway". Boston.com.
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72. "Harvard and Union added to Frozen Fenway lineup along with D-III game :: USCHO.com :: U.S. College Hockey Online".
73. "Boston College to play Northeastern at Fenway Park in January :: USCHO.com :: U.S. College Hockey Online".
74. (2011-08-11). "Ohio State to play Michigan in hockey at Progressive Field on Jan. 15". The Canadian Press.
75. (2012-01-15). "Frozen Diamond Faceoff: Ohio State Buckeyes and Michigan Wolverines hockey facts and histories". The Cleveland Plain Dealer.
76. "OUA and Hamilton Bulldogs partner for OUA men's and women's hockey Outdoor Classic".
77. (2012-01-21). "Maple Leaf old-timers hang on for 6-5 win over Habs". Toronto Star.
78. (2011-08-25). "It's a classic: Bulldogs vs. Marlies at Ivor Wynne". Hamilton Spectator.
79. "Home".
80. "Helsingin Sanomat - International Edition - Sport".
81. "Всероссийская хоккейная лига - "Русская классика"".
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83. (30 August 2012). "Behold! Roman amphitheater begins transforming into hockey rink".
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86. "Bežigrad IceFest 2013 - vrnitev h koreninam hokeja".
87. (5 January 2013). "Deutsche Eishockey-Liga: Nürnberg siegt im "Winter Game"". [[Spiegel Online]].
88. "City game on ice moves outside - Sports - the Duquesne Duke - Serving Duquesne University since 1925".
89. "Gamesheet: W-B/Scranton at Hershey - Jan 20, 2013".
90. Dan Fremuth. (February 9, 2013). "LANCERS EARN 4-2 WIN OVER LINCOLN IN MUTUAL OF OMAHA BATTLES ON ICE".
91. "University of Nebraska Omaha Athletics - Outdoor Game Goes to UND, 5-2".
92. "College Hockey Doubleheader coming to Soldier Field: Hockey City Classic! | Chicago Sports Guru".
93. (2013-08-13). "Official name and logo announced for the 2013 Frozen Frontier". [[Rochester Institute of Technology]].
94. Gullbrand, Johannes. (2013-12-14). "Skellefteå segrare i julmatchen". [[Swedish Hockey League]].
95. Karlberg, Peter. (2013-05-30). "Frölunda HC möter Skellefteå AIK utomhus på Gamla Ullevi". [[Swedish Hockey League]].
96. "Men's Hockey 12/15/2013 Nazareth vs. Geneseo :: Box :: USCHO.com :: U.S. College Hockey Online".
97. "OJHL St Michaels Buzzers {{!".
98. (17 December 2013). "Lancers fall to Mustangs 5-2 in outdoor game".
99. "College Hockey Outdoor Games".
100. (September 26, 2013). "Bentley, Holy Cross to Play at Fenway Park".
101. "Spits top Spirit 6-5 at Comerica Park | Windsor Star".
102. "Holmstrom's SO goal gives Wings sweep of Alumni Showdown".
103. Allen, Kevin. (2014-01-01). "Maple Leafs win Winter Classic in shootout". [[USA Today]].
104. Cotsonika, Nick. (2014-01-24). "NHL won't get credit for Guinness world record at Winter Classic". [[Yahoo! Sports]].
105. (September 26, 2013). "Frozen Fenway 2014 official schedule released".
106. (January 10, 2014). "Beacons Freeze Salem State in Memorable Citi Frozen Fenway Matchup".
107. (January 7, 2014). "Trinity Loses To Williams 4-2 At Frozen Fenway".
108. (January 9, 2014). "No. 5 Norwich Edges No. 6 Men's Ice Hockey, 1-0, At Fenway Park".
109. (January 11, 2014). "River Hawks Frustrated at Frozen Fenway".
110. (January 11, 2014). "Lomberg, Shore and Hutton Tally Two Goals Each As Maine Skates Past BU 7-3 at Fenway Park".
111. Lausanne Hockey Club. [http://www.lausannehc.ch/fr/49-actualites Lausanne Hockey Club "Winter Classic 2014"] {{webarchive. link. (2013-10-31 , January 12, 2014.)
112. (January 17, 2014). "Mavericks Bested by No. 1 Minnesota Friday at the Hockey City Classic".
113. (January 18, 2014). "Buckeyes Drop 1-0 Game to No. 1 Minnesota in Hockey City Classic".
114. "Всероссийская хоккейная лига - Русская классика".
115. "Dodger Stadium to host Kings, Ducks in January".
116. "Yankee Stadium to host Rangers, Devils, Isles in 2014".
117. "Hawks to host Pens outside as part of Stadium Series".
118. Helsingin Sanomat 2014-03-01
119. (December 21, 2014). "It was simply magic".
120. "Winterfest FAQS".
121. (February 3, 2014). "BGSU And Robert Morris To Play Outdoor Hockey Game".
122. (January 10, 2015). "DEL Winter Game bricht Europarekord: 51.125 Zuschauer in Düsseldorf".
123. (2 May 2024). "WINTER CLASSIC: Cataractes wins historical outdoors game – LHJMQ".
124. "Sharks to host Kings outdoors".
125. (December 19, 2015). "Grant, Kylington and Shore Lead Heat to 3-2 Win at Raley Field".
126. "NHL to host first-ever Outdoor Women's Classic presented by Scotiabank".
127. (January 1, 2016). "Canadiens overwhelm Bruins to win Winter Classic".
128. "Huskies Gewinnen Del2".
129. "Edmonton Oilers shut out Winnipeg Jets in Heritage Classic | Globalnews.ca".
130. "Erstebankliga.at".
131. "Erstebankliga.at".
132. "Grenoble s'impose au Parc OL, record d'affluence pour un match de hockey".
133. (31 December 2016). "Winter Game: 25182 spectateurs au Parc OL, vraiment?".
134. (3 February 2017). "2016-17 Massachusetts Hockey Game Notes". U Mass.
135. (February 25, 2017). "Fans Brave Dropping Temperatures For NHL Stadium Series Game". [[KDKA-TV]].
136. (June 6, 2017). "Jokerit to host SKA in open-air classic". en.khl.ru.
137. (December 2, 2017). "A day for the history books. Helsinki Ice Challenge. December 2". en.khl.ru.
138. (2017-11-08). "Ottawa 67's to Host Gatineau in Historic Outdoor Game - Ottawa 67s". Ottawa 67s.
139. (2017-12-17). "Olympiques outlast 67's in chilly outdoor game - Ottawa 67s". Ottawa 67s.
140. (December 3, 2015). "Sources: Outdoor game planned for 2018 World Juniors in Buffalo". Bell Media.
141. (28 October 2016). "Canada faces U.S. outdoors at 2018 WJC". Bell Media.
142. (January 1, 2018). "Miller overtime goal lifts Rangers past Sabres in Winter Classic".
143. "DINAMO RIGA to play an outdoor KHL game".
144. link. vhlru.ru
145. (24 May 2017). "La classique hivernale 2018 à Drummondville".
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148. (2 May 2024). "LHJMQ – Incluant la couverture en direct des matchs, des clips audio et vidéo nouvelles exclusives, billets, statistiques, classements, horaires et autres".
149. (March 3, 2018). "Ovechkin scores 40th, Capitals top Maple Leafs in Stadium Series".
150. (November 18, 2017). "Blackhawks, Bruins to face off in 2019 Winter Classic". National Hockey League.
151. Pflugshaupt, Peter. "SC Bern gewinnt Tatzen-Derby im Stade de Suisse 4:1 gegen SCL Tigers".
152. (2019-01-02). "ZSC mit Minisieg gegen Lakers - Geduldiger SCB schlägt Tigers unter freiem Himmel".
153. (May 18, 2018). "Michigan, Notre Dame to play outdoor hockey game in 2019". 247 Sports.
154. (5 January 2019). "Let's take this outside: Irish hockey falls to Michigan inside Notre Dame Stadium, 4-".
155. (4 January 2019). "Notre Dame Hockey Outdoor Game Versus Michigan To Start At 4:30 PM".
156. "DEG gewinnt in der Overtime, Doppelpack von Ex-Hai Philip Gogulla".
157. s, SPORT SK, s r o & Ringier Axel Springer Slovakia a. (3 February 2019). "VIDEO: Winter Classic: Zvolen zdolal v upršanom zápase Banskú Bystricu a je na čele súťaže".
158. Berger, Franz. (2019-01-29). "Erstes Open-Air-Winter Classic Game in der Slowakei".
159. (2019-02-03). "Kaufland Winter Classic Games 2019 (foto): HC '05 iClinic Banská Bystrica – HKM Zvolen (online)".
160. (November 19, 2017). "2019 Coors Light NHL Stadium Series Announced". National Hockey League.
161. (2019-10-26). "Jets defeat Flames in Heritage Classic on Little OT goal". NHL.com.
162. (2019-10-27). "Focht's hometown heroics propel Hitmen to victory at 2019 WHL Prairie Classic". WHL.ca.
163. "Frankfurt gewinnt das WINTER-DERBY nach Penaltyschießen".
164. "Dresdner Eislöwen entscheiden das Eishockey-Spektakel unter freiem Himmel".
165. "3:2-Erfolg für Uwe Krupp und Sparta Prag gegen Litvinov vor tschechischer Rekordkulisse in Dresden".
166. (January 11, 2021). "NHL to hold two outdoor games in Lake Tahoe". NHL.com.
167. (January 1, 2020). "Wild to host 2021 NHL Winter Classic at Target Field". NHL.com.
168. (May 10, 2021). "CCHA releases 2021-22 conference schedule". Central Collegiate Hockey Association.
169. "2022 Outdoor Classic - UNCC vs Wake Forest Men's Ice Hockey".
170. (18 November 2023). "UNC Charlotte club hockey team faces off against Appalachian State at Truist Field".
171. (November 23, 2022). "Noch zehn Tage bis zum DEL Winter Game". haie.de.
172. (2024-03-25). "WINTER GAME der PENNY DEL findet erstmals in Frankfurt statt".
173. Schade, Jason. (2022-12-07). ""Haie Jugend- und Frauen-Tag" am Samstag im RheinEnergieSTADION".
174. (2022-09-23). "Spielbericht {{!}} DEB Live".
175. (12 December 2022). "Debüt unter freiem Himmel – Kölner Eishockey-Club "Die Haie" e.V.".
176. (2022-09-23). "Spielbericht {{!}} DEB Live".
177. (September 6, 2022). ""Eishockey Open Air" in Hannover offiziell: Oberligisten Scorpions und Indians spielen am 17. Dezember unter freiem Himmel". EishockeyNews.
178. (18 December 2022). "Vor 35.000 Zuschauenden: Eishockey Open Air in Heinz von Heiden Arena wird zum Spektakel".
179. Dessart, Christina. (2022-06-30). "Cologne Stadium Series – KEC trägt zwei weitere Freiluftspiele aus".
180. (February 4, 2022). "2023 NHL Winter Classic at Fenway Park, Bruins opponent not announced". NHL.com.
181. (6 January 2023). "Bobcats Win First Frozen Fenway, Defeat Harvard at Fenway Park".
182. "Boston University vs. Holy Cross Recap - January 6, 2023 - Hockey East Association".
183. "UConn vs. Northeastern Recap - January 7, 2023 - Hockey East Association".
184. "Boston College vs. Massachusetts Recap - January 7, 2023 - Hockey East Association".
185. (25 January 2023). "John Carroll University's Men’s ACHA D1 Hockey Club to Play First Outdoor Classic Game In Cleveland’s FirstEnergy Stadium vs. Canisius College". John Carroll University.
186. (24 February 2023). "Blue Streak Club Hockey sweeps Canisius in double-header weekend as sight sets on CHMA tournament run".
187. Baird, Nathan. (August 22, 2022). "Ohio State and Michigan hockey taking rivalry outdoors in 'Faceoff on the Lake' at FirstEnergy Stadium".
188. (February 15, 2020). "Hurricanes to host 2021 NHL Stadium Series at N.C. State". NHL.com.
189. Lavalette, Cory. (2023-03-01). "Frozen Finley turnout makes case for college hockey in NC {{!}} The North State Journal".
190. "Icepack, Raleigh show out to cap off unforgettable weekend".
191. read, Tim Peeler 6-min. (2023-02-21). "Icepack on Its Biggest Stage".
192. Gilberto. (2025-02-24). "Tar Heel Hockey turns 50 {{!}} UNC-Chapel Hill".
193. (October 11, 2022). "Celeveland Monsters Outdoor Classic Set For FirstEnergy Stadium On March 4, 2023". Cleveland Monsters.
194. (December 31, 2022). "Oilers to host Flames in 2023 Tim Hortons NHL Heritage Classic". NHL.com.
195. (21 November 2023). "2023 Outdoor Hockey Classic".
196. (January 2, 2023). "Kraken to host 2024 NHL Winter Classic, face Vegas at Mariners stadium". NHL.com.
197. (April 18, 2023). "Checkers to host outdoor game in 2024".
198. Röstel 2022, Sports Trade GmbH {{!}} Thomas. "DEL2 {{!}} Eispiraten Crimmitschau vs. Dresdner Eislöwen - 16.02.2024 20:25 Uhr".
199. Röstel 2022, Sports Trade GmbH {{!}} Thomas. "DEL2 {{!}} Erfolgreiches Hockey Outdoor Triple".
200. "HC Energie Karlovy Vary - HC Škoda Plzeň, 17.02.2024 ".
201. (June 3, 2023). "Devils to play Flyers, Rangers against Islanders at 2024 Stadium Series".
202. Röstel 2022, Sports Trade GmbH {{!}} Thomas. "DEL2 {{!}} Lausitzer Füchse vs. Eisbären Regensburg - 18.02.2024 14:00 Uhr".
203. "Charlotte Ice Hockey Club".
204. (26 November 2024). "Icepack end road trip wit h overtime win over west point".
205. "Match Center".
206. (February 7, 2024). "2025 Winter Classic features Blackhawks, Blues in return to Wrigley Field".
207. "Match Center".
208. (2024-03-25). "Winter Game der Penny Del findet erstmals in Frankfurt statt".
209. (2025-01-16). "Satakunnan Talviklassikko lähestyy – tässä tapahtumainfo".
210. (February 17, 2024). "Blue Jackets, Red Wings to play 2025 Stadium Series at Ohio Stadium".
211. (14 November 2025). "Chants Hockey - Coastal Carolina Chanticleers - Men's Ice Hockey Team".
212. (15 November 2025). "Tar Heels falls to South Carolina 4-3 in overtime at 704 Outdoor Faceoff – UNC Hockey".
213. (16 November 2025). "Icepack Falls Short against Alabama in Outdoor Game".
214. "Match Center".
215. "East Carolina University - Men's Ice Hockey Team".
216. (21 November 2025). "University of Georgia Ice Hockey".
217. (25 November 2025). "App State Ice Hockey, UNC-Charlotte fight hard in third edition of Outdoor Classic".
218. Cotsonika, Nicholas J.. (2025-01-08). "NHL outdoor games in Miami, Tampa big step for NHL, Florida fans {{!}} NHL.com".
219. (10 January 2026). "32.248 Fans machen das Winter Game 2026 unvergesslich {{!}} Dresdner Eislöwen".
220. (5 January 2026). "Oregon Ducks hockey returns to Bend for two-night Bend Classic".