List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela

Historical background

Studies on the knowledge of the Venezuelan malacofauna begin in the nineteenth century with the work of German malacologist Eduard von Martens around 1873 who published the first list of the mollusks Venezuela. Three years later the German-Venezuelan Adolfo Ernst, taking as its starting point and extending Martens list, published a second list in 1876. Subsequent to these two pioneering nineteenth century works, only sporadic descriptions were published in foreign publications. It took about half a century for new listings of malacofauna of Venezuela to be published, this time by American H. B. Baker in the mid-1920s.

Following Baker's work is beginning to make as many Venezuelan species descriptions and numerous national and regional listings including listings include: Adolfo Lutz, who in 1928 lists and makes observations on malacofauna Valencia lake and surrounding areas, H. Richards G. Hummelinck & P. W. Malacofauna 1940 describing the island of Margarita, Arias in 1952 and 1953 in which he describes the fauna of the regions of Baruta, El Hatillo and Perija region; Thompson, who in 1957 described the shellfish National Park Henri Pittier and surrounding areas; Martinez and Miranda in 1968 described pulmonate molluscs of Caracas and surrounding areas, Fernández in 1982, which describes sitecueros of slugs and Venezuela, Martinez et al. in 2004 which states bivalve fauna Venezuela freshwater, Lasso and collaborators in 2009 which describes the fauna of the basin of the Orinoco.

Diversity

The Venezuelan malacofauna not marine mollusks is composed of classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia, presenting a greater diversity of species in the gastropod.

In the freshwater gastropod families with more species are Ampullariidae (35 spp.) And Planorbidae (15 spp.). In terrestrial gastropods include Ortalicidae (35 spp.) and Subulinidae (16 spp.).

Among the bivalve families with more species are Mycetopodidade (17 spp.) and Hyriidae (10 spp.)

Regarding the introduced species, the largest number of species is between terrestrial mollusks, primarily on families Subulinidae (6 spp.), Limacidae (4 spp.) And Helicidae (3 spp.)

Distribution

The Venezuelan malacofauna marina not primarily distributed throughout the entire Venezuelan territory, but the greatest number of species and greater distribution has been reported for the river basin Orinoco. The vast majority of species usually live in areas calm water pipes or flooding of rivers and lakes. Many of the species usually have local distributions such as slugs and seven of leathers that often live primarily in the areas of cultivation in the north and the Andean region, However extend very widely distributed species that can be located throughout the country as in the case of molluscs Ampullariidae amphibians and within the family which include Marisa cornuarietis, Pomacea urceus (Guarura), Pomacea glauca, Pomacea dolioides. Among the highlights landshells Megalobulimus oblongus (Guacara).

In relation to introduced species is noteworthy that some of it was spread widely by middle natural environment among them are: Achatina fulica (Giant African Snail), Arion subfuscus Subulina octona, and Thiara granifera Melanoides tuberculata.

List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela

The list of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela consists of:

• Freshwater gastropods: 9 families, 19 genera, 82 species.
• Terrestrial gastropods: 26 families, 58 genera, 116 species.
• Freshwater bivalves: 5 families, 11 genera, 31 species.

In total 30 families are listed, 88 genera and 229 species.

Freshwater gastropods

Freshwater gastropods include:

Ampullariidae

• Asolene crassa (Swainson, 1823)
• Marisa cornuarietis (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Pomacea amazonica (Revee, 1856)
• Pomacea aurostoma (Lea, 1856)
• Pomacea avellana (Sowerby, 1909)
• Pomacea bridgesii (Reeve, 1856) (Introduced species)
• Pomacea camena (Pain, 1956)
• Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) (Introduced species)
• Pomacea chemnitzii (Philippi, 1887)
• Pomacea cingulata (Philippi, 1851)
• Pomacea crassa (Swainson, 1823)
• Pomacea dolioides (Revee, 1856)
• Pomacea eximia (Dunker, 1853)
• Pomacea falconensis Pain y Arias, 1958
• Pomacea glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Pomacea glauca crocostoma (Philippi, 1852)
  • Pomacea glauca gevesensis (Deshayes, 1801)
  • Pomacea glauca luteostoma (Swainson, 1822 )
  • Pomacea glauca orinocensis (Troschel, 1848)
• Pomacea haustrum (Revee, 1856)
• Pomacea interrupta (Sowerby, 1909)
• Pomacea lineata (Spix, 1827)
• Pomacea minuscula Baker 1930
• Pomacea nobilis (Revee, 1856)
• Pomacea oblonga (Swainson, 1823)
• Pomacea papyracea (Spix, 1827)
• Pomacea patula (Revee, 1856)
• Pomacea semitecta (Mousson, 1873)
• Pomacea superba (Marshall, 1928)
• Pomacea swainsoni (Revee, 1856)
• Pomacea tamsiana (Philippi, 1852)
• Pomacea urceus (Müller, 1774)
  • Pomacea urceus guyanensis (Lamarck, 1810)
  • Pomacea urceus olivacea (Spix, 1827)
• Pomacea vexillum (Revee, 1856)

Ancylidae

• Gundlachia saulcyana (Bourguignat, 1853)
• Hebetancylus moricandi (D’Orbigny, 1837)

Hydrobiidae

• Pyrgophorus coronatus (Pfeiffer, 1840)
• Pyrgophorus ernesti (Martens, 1873)
• Pyrgophorus globulus (Baker, 1930)
• Pyrgophorus parvulus (Guilding, 1828)
• Pyrgophorus putialis (Baker, 1930)
• Pyrgophorus platyrachis Thompson, 1968

Lymnaeidae

There are two native and four introduced species of Lymnaeidae in Venezuela:

• Lymnaea meridensis Bargues, Artigas & Mas-Coma, 2011 - synonym: Galba cousini (Jousseaume, 1887){{Cite journal | doi-access = free | hdl-access = free
• Galba neotropica (Bargues, Artigas, Mera y Sierra, Pointier & Mas-Coma, 2007) - native
• Galba cubensis (Pfeiffer, 1839) - introduced from the Caribbean area
• Pseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1817) - introduced from the Caribbean area
• Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774) - introduced from the Old World,
• Galba viatrix (D’Orbigny, 1835) from Venezuela was identified as Galba truncatula
• Galba schirazensis (Küster, 1862) - introduced from the Old World

Neritidae

• Neritina meleagris (Lamarck, 1822)
• Neritina piratica Russell, 1943
• Neritina punctulata (Lamarck, 1816)
• Neritina reclivata (Say, 1822)
• Neritina virginea (Linnaeus 1758)

Pachychilidae

• Doryssa atra (Bruguièri, 1792)
• Doryssa consolidata (Bruguièri, 1789)
• Doryssa grunei (Jonas, 1844)
• Doryssa lamarckiana (Brot, 1870)
• Doryssa hohenackeri (Philippi, 1851)
• Doryssa kappleri (Vernhout, 1914)
• Doryssa transversa (Lea, 1850)
• Pachychilus laevissimus (Sowerby, 1824)

Physidae

• Aplexa rivalis (Manton & Rackett, 1807)
• Stenophysa acuminata (Gray & Sowerby, 1873)

Planorbidae

• Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)
• Biomphalaria havanensis (Dunker, 1850)
• Biomphalaria kuhniana (Clessin, 1883)
• Biomphalaria peregrina (D’Orbigny, 1835)
• Bionphalaria pronum (Von Martens 1873)
• Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848)
• Biomphalaria tenagophila (D’Orbigny, 1835)
• Drepanotrema anatinum (D’Orbigny, 1835)
• Drepanotrema cimex (Moricand, 1839)
• Drepanotrema depressissmum (Moricand, 1839)
• Drepanotrema kermatoides (D’Orbigny, 1835)
• Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839)
• Drepanotrema surinamensis (Dunker & Clessin, 1884)

• Planorbella duryi (Wetherby 1879) (introduced species)
• Planorbis circumlineatus Shuttleworth, 1854

Thiaridae

• Aylacostoma lineolata (Gray, 1828)
• Aylacostoma stringillata (Dumker, 1843)
• Aylacostoma venezuelensis (Dumker & Revee, 1859)
• Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) (introduced species)
• Thiara granifera (Lamarck, 1822)Prypchan, Sofía de., y Chrosciechowski, Przemyslaw. 1992: Invasión de las aguas dulces del litoral central venezolano (DF) por caracoles del genero Thiara (Melaniidae) Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental. XXXII(1–4):50–58 (introduced species)

Land gastropods

Land gastropods include:

Achatinidae

• Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) (introduced species)

Arionidae

• Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) (introduced species)

Bradybaenidae

• Bradybaena similaris (Fèrussac, 1821) (introduced species)

Clausiliidae

• Bequaertinenia bequaerti (Arias, 1953)
• Columbina cyclostoma (Pfeiffer, 1849)
• Gonionenia dohrni (Pfeiffer, 1860)
• Nenia geayi (Jousseaume, 1849)

Euconulidae

• Guppya gundlachi (Pfeiffer)
• Habroconus cassiquiensis (Pfeiffer, 1853)
• Habroconus ernsti (Jousseaume)

Ferussaciidae

• Cecilioides acicula (Müller 1774) (introduced species)
• Cecilioides aperta (Swainson, 1840) (introduced species)
• Cecilioides consobrina (d’Orbigny, 1842)

Helicidae

• Cornu aspersum = Helix aspersa (Müller, 1774) (introduced species)
• Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 (introduced species)
• Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (introduced species)

Helicinidae

• Helicina microdina (Morelet, 1854)
  • Helicina microdina huberi Breure, 1976

• Helicina tamsiana (Pfeiffer, 1850)
  • Helicina tamsiana appuni (Von Marten, 1873)

Limacidae

• Agriolimax laevis (Müller, 1774) (introduced species)
• Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774) (introduced species)
• Lehmannia valentiana (Férussac, 1822) (introduced species)
• Milax gagates (Draparnaud) (introduced species)

Strophocheilidae

• Megalobulimus oblongus (Müller, 1774)

Neocyclotidae

• Incidostoma nanun (Bartsch & Morrison, 1942)
• Poteria fasciatum (Kobelt & Schwanheim, 1912)
• Poteria translucida (Sowerby, 1843)

Amphibulimidae

• Dryptus marmoratus (Dunker, 1844)
• Plekocheilus blainvilleanus (Pfeiffer, 1848)
• Plekocheilus breweri Breure & Schlögl, 2010
• Plekocheilus coloratus (Nyst, 1845)
• Plekocheilus gibber (Oberwimmer, 1931)
• Plekocheilus huberi Breure, 2009
• Plekocheilus nebulosus Breure, 2009
• Plekocheilus pardalis (Férrusac, 1821)
• Plekocheilus sophiae Breure, 2009
• Plekocheilus tatei Haas, 1955
• Plekocheilus tepuiensis Breure, 2009
• *Plekocheilus veranyi * (Pfeiffer, 1847)
• Plekocheilus vlceki Breure & Schlögl, 2010
• Eudolichotis aurissciuri (Guppy, 1866)
• Eudolichotis distorta (Bruguière)
• Eudolichotis euryomphala (Jonas, 1844)

Orthalicidae

• Auris sinuata (Albers, 1854)
• Oxystyla abducta (Shuttleworth, 1856)
• Oxystyla maracaibensis (Pfeiffer, 1899)

Bulimulidae

• Bulimulus dysoni Pfeiffer
• Bulimulus cacticolus Reeve
• Bulimulus constrictus Pfeiffer
• Bulimulus krebsianus Pilsbry, 1897
• Drymaeus extraneus (Haas, 1955) - synonym: Drymaeus griffini Haas, 1955
• Drymaeus grandensis (Pfeiffer, 1847)
• Drymaeus imperfectus (Guppy, 1866)
• Drymaeus meridanus (Pfeiffer)
• Drymaeus multilineatus (Say, 1825)
• Drymaeus rex Breure, 2009
• Drymaeus ruthveni Baker, 1926
• Drymaeus trigonostomus (Jonas, 1844)
  • Drymaeus trigonostomus knorri (Pfeiffer, 1846)
• Drymaeus virgulatus (Férussac)

Simpulopsidae

• Simpulopsis magnus gg

Odontostomidae

• Tomigerus cumingi Pfeiffer

Pleurodontidae

• Labyrinthus leucodon (Pfeiffer, 1847)
• Labyrinthus plicatus (Born, 1780)
• Labyrinthus tamsiana (Dunker, 1847) )
• Labyrinthus umbrus (Thompson, 1957)
• Solaropsis venezuelensis Preston, 1909

Pupillidae

• Pupoides marginatus nitidulus (Pfeiffer, 1839)
• Bothriopupa tenuidens (Adams)

Sagdidae

• Xenodiscula venezuelensis Pilsbry, 1919

Scolodontidae

• Systrophia starkii (H. B. Baker)

Systrophiidae

• Drepanostomella pinchoti Pilsbry, 1930

Spiraxidae

• Pseudosubulina decussata Baker, 1926
• Pseudosubulina chaperi (Jousseaume 1889)
• Spiraxis blandi (Crosse, 1874)

Streptaxidae

• Gulella bicolor (Hutton, 1834) (introduced species)
• Streptaxis glaber Pfeiffer

Subulinidae

• Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834)
• Allopeas micra (d’Orbigny, 1835) (introduced species)
• Beckianum beckianum (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)
• Dysopeas subopacum (Baker, 1927)
• Dysopeas translucidum (Baker, 1927)
• Lamellaxis martensiana (Baker, 1927)
• Lamellaxis mauritianus (Pfeiffer, 1952) (introduced species)
• Lamellaxis pachyspira Pilsbry 1905
• Leptinaria unilamellata (D’Orbigny, 1837)
• Leptopeas venezuelensis (Pfeiffer, 1856)
• Obeliscus octogyrus (Pfeiffer, 1850)
• Obeliscus rectus Baker, 1927
• Opeas gracile (Hutton, 1834) (introduced species)
• Opeas pellucidum (Pfeiffer, 1847)
• Opeas pumilum (Pfeiffer, 1847) (introduced species)
• Opeas pyrgula Schmacker and Boettger, 1891 (introduced species)
• Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1798) (introduced species)
• Subulina striatella (Rang, 1831) (introduced species)

Succineidae

• Omalonyx felina Guppy 1878
• Omalonyx pattersonae Tillier, 1891
• Succinea tamsiana Pfeiffer

Thysanophoridae

• Thysanophora canalis (Pilsbry, 1910)
• Thysanophora plagiptycha (Shuttleworth, 1854)
• Thysanophora satanaensis (Pfeiffer, 1854)

Urocoptidae

• Brachypodella hanleyana (Pfeiffer, 1847)
• Brachypodella leucopleura (Menke, 1847)
• Brachypodella nidicostata Spence, 1920

Veronicellidae

• Diplosolenodes occidentalis (Guilding, 1825)
• Diplosolenodes bielenbergii (Semper, 1885)
• Forcatulus coerulescens (Semper, 1885)
• Latipes pterocaulis (Simroth, 1914)
• Microveronicella diminuta (Simroth, 1914)
• Sarasinula linguaeformis (Semper, 1885)
• Sarasinula plebeia (Fischer, 1868)

Vertiginidae

• Gastrocopta barbadensis (Pfeiffer, 1853)
• Gastrocopta iheringi (Suter, 1900)
• Gastrocopta geminidens (Pilsbry)

Xanthonychidae

• Averellia coactiliata (Férrussac, 1838)

Freshwater bivalves

Corbiculidae

• Corbicula fluminalis (Múller, 1774) (introduced species)

Corbulidae

• Cyanocyclas cuneata Say, 1822

Hyriidae

• Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819
• Castalia orinocensis Morrison, 1943
• Castalia schombergiana Sowerby, 1869
• Castalia stevensi (Baker, 1930)
• Dilodon granosus Bruguiere, 1782
• Dilodon losadae Haas, 1819
• Dilodon flucki Morrison 1943
• Paxyodon syrmatophorus Meuschen, 1781
• Prisodon obliquus (Schumacher, 1871)
• Triplodon stevensii Lea, 1871

Mycetopodidae

• Anodontites crispatus Bruguiere, 1792
• Anodontites elongatus (Swainson, 1823)
• Anodontites ensiformes (Spix, 1827)
• Anodontites guanarensis Marshall, 1928
• Anodontites infossa Baker, 1930
• Anodontites pittieri Marshall, 1922
• Anodontites schombergianus Sowerby, 1870
• Anodontites leotaudi (Guppy, 1866)
• Anodontites tenebricosus D’Orbigny, 1835
• Anodontites tortilis (Lea, 1852)
• Anodontites trapezeus (Spix, 1827)
• Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck, 1819
• Anodontites trigona (Spix, 1827)
• Mycetopoda pittieri Marshall, 1919
• Mycetopoda soleniformes D’Orbigny, 1835
• Tamsiella tamsiana Dunker, 1895

Pisidiidae

• Eupera bahiensis (Spix, 1827)
• Eupera modioliforme Anton, 1837
• Eupera simoni Jousseaume, 1889

References

References

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57. Martínez E, R. 1991: “Nota acerca de la presencia de la babosa ''Omalonyx (O.) pattersonae'' Tillier, 1891 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Succinidae) de Venezuela”. Acta Biológica Venezuelica. 14(2):65–69.
58. Gomes, Suzete R. 2007: Filogenia morfológica de Veronicellidae, filogeniamolecular de Phyllocalis Colosi e descriçao de uma nova espécie para la família (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Gomes, Suzete R. 2007. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre. 175p. [http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/10940/000595534.pdf?sequence=1 PDF]
59. Lasso, Carlos A., Martínez E, Rafael, Capelo, Juan Carlos., Morales Betancourt, Mónica y Sánchez-Maya, Alejandro. 2009: Lista de los moluscos (Gastropodos_Bivalvia) dulceacuícolas y estuarinos de la cuenca del Orinoco (Venezuela). Biota Colombiana, 10(1–2):63–74.
60. Martítnez E, Rafael. 1987: ''Corbicula manilensis'' molusco introducido en Venezuela. Acta Científica Venezolana 38:384–385
61. Martínez E, Rafael. 1983: Contribución al conocimiento de la gloquidia de ''Castalia ambigua multisulcata'' Hupé 1857, “Guacuco de río” (Mollusca: Lamellibranquia: Hyriidae). Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 11(4):197–213.
62. Cummings, Kevin S. & Mayer, Christine A. 1997: The Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Etherioidea) of Venezuela Illinois Natural History Survey. http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/animals_plants/mollusk/SA/Ven.html
63. Wikispecies: ''Castalia ambigua'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Castalia_ambigua
64. Martínez E, Rafael, Cabrera, Amyra y Lasso Carlos A. 2004: Moluscos bivalvos (Unionacea y Mutelacea) de la cuenca del río Orinoco, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, 159–160:283–303
65. Wikispecies: ''Castalia orinocensis'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Castalia_orinocensis
66. Wikispecies: ''Castalia Schombergiana'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Castalia_schombergiana
67. Wikispecies: ''Castalia stevensi'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Castalia_stevensi
68. Martínez Escarbassiere, Rafael. y Rorero, Ramiro. 1995: Contribución al conocimiento de ''Diplodon (Diplodon) granosus granosus'' Brugeri (Bivalvia: Hyriidae) y ''Doryssa hohenackeri kappleri'' Vernhout (Gastropoda: Melaniidae) en el alto río Siapa (Departamento Río Negro), Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 16 (1):79–84.
69. Wikispecies: ''Dilodon granosus'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Diplodon_granosus
70. ''Dilodon losadae'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Diplodon_losadae
71. Wikispecies: ''Dilodon flucki'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Diplodon_flucki
72. Wikispecies: ''Paxyodon syrmatophorus'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Paxydon_syrmatophorus
73. Wikispecies: ''Prisodon obliquus'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Prisodon_obliquus
74. Wikispecies: ''Triplodon stevensii'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Triplodon_stevensii
75. Wikispecies: ''Anodontites trapesialis''. http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anodontites_trapesialis
76. Wikispecies: ''Mycetopoda pittieri'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mycetopoda_pittieri
77. Wikispecies: ''Tamsiella tamsiana'' http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tamsiella_tamsiana