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List of non-extant papal tombs

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Summary

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Despite his being regarded as martyred into the [[Black Sea]], multiple churches have laid claims to the translated relics of [[Pope Clement I]].

This is a list of non-extant papal tombs, which includes tombs not included on the list of extant papal tombs. Information about these tombs is generally incomplete and uncertain.

Chronologically, the main locations of destroyed or unknown papal tombs have been: the obscure tombs of the first two centuries of popes near Saint Peter, the repeated waves of translations from the Catacombs of Rome, the demolition of the papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica, and the 1306 and 1361 fires in the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran.

Papal tombs have also been destroyed by other instances of fire, remodeling, and war (most recently, World War II). Others are unknown due to creative or geographically remote methods of martyrdom, or—in the case of Pope Clement I—both. Burial in churches outside the Aurelian Walls of Rome (Italian: fuori le Mura)—in the basilicas of Paul or Lorenzo—have not generally survived.

Main locations

The main locations of destroyed or lost papal tombs include:

Saint Peter's tomb, around which the following popes were traditionally believed to have been buried: Linus, Anacletus, Evaristus. Telesphorus, Hyginus, Pius I, Anicetus (later transferred to the Catacomb of Callixtus), Victor I. Epigraphic evidence exists only for Linus, with the discovery of a burial slab marked "Linus" in 1615; however, the slab is broken such that it could have once read "Aquilinius" or "Anullinus".
The Catacombs of Rome, specifically the Catacomb of Callixtus, the Catacomb of Priscilla (and San Silvestro in Capite, built over the catacomb), the Catacomb of Balbina, the Catacomb of Calepodius, the Catacomb of Pontian, and the Catacomb of Felicitas, which were emptied by repeated translations by the ninth century
Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica, which once numbered over 100 papal tombs, nearly all of which were destroyed during the sixteenth/seventeenth century demolition
Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, where over a dozen tombs were destroyed in two fires (1308 and 1361)

Other destroyed or unknown tombs

1st century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location	Notes
88/92–97/101	[[Image:StClement1.jpg	70px]]	Clement I
Saint Clement	[[File:Desjatynna westerfeld.jpg	140px]]		According to tradition, translated to the Church of the Tithes (Kyiv)	According to tradition thrown into the Black Sea near Crimea, translated to the Church of the Holy Apostles, then Basilica di San Clemente, then the Church of the Tithes.

2nd century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb
105/107–115/116	[[Image:Alexander I.png	70px]]	Alexander I
Saint Alexander			Competing claims (involving translation):
115/116–125	[[Image:SixtusI.jpg	70px]]	Sixtus I
Saint Sixtus			Competing claims (involving translation and a finger):
174/175–189	[[Image:Eleutherius.jpg	70px]]	Eleuterus
Saint Eleutherus			Competing claims:

5th century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location
31 July 432–March/August 440	[[Image:44-St.Sixtus III.jpg	70px]]	Sixtus III
Saint Sixtus	[[File:Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls.jpg	140px]]		San Lorenzo fuori le Mura	Then called San Lorenzo al Verano; sarcophagus destroyed, possibly in 1943
19 November 461 – 29 February 468	[[Image:46-St.Hilarius.jpg	70px]]	Hilarius
Saint Hilarius	[[File:Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls.jpg	140px]]		San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, crypt	Then called San Lorenzo al Verano
13 March 483 – 1 March 492	[[Image:Felix III.png	70px]]	Felix III
Saint Felix			Either San Paolo fuori le Mura or the crypt of Santissima Concenzione near Piazza Barberini

6th century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location	Notes
1 June 536 – 11 November 537	[[Image:Silverius.png	70px]]	Silverius
Saint Silverius	[[File:Isola Palmaria.jpg	140px]]		Palmaria	Non-contemporary shrine extant on Ponza Island
29 March 537 – 7 June 555	[[Image:59-Vigilius.jpg	70px]]	Vigilius			Either San Marcello on the Via Salaria (Oxford Dictionary of Popes) or San Silvestre over the Catacomb of Priscilla on the Via Salaria (Catholic Encyclopedia)

7th century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location	Notes
July 649 – 16 September 655	[[Image:Martinus_(Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls).png	70px]]	Martin I
Saint Martin	[[File:Chersonesos columns.jpg	140px]]		Church of our Lady (Blachdernæ), near Chersonesus	Possibly buried in Archbasilica of St. John Lateran

9th century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location	Notes
25 January 817 – 11 February 824	[[Image:Paschalis_I.png	70px]]	Paschal I
Saint Paschal			Unknown, but likely destroyed	Alleged to have been buried in the chapel of St. Zeno of Santa Prassade (disproved by modern research); possibly buried under the altar of the oratory of Saints Processus and Martiniano and lost when the oratory was moved in 1548 or 1605.

10th century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location	Notes
July 903 – September 903	[[Image:59-Vigilius.jpg	70px]]	Leo V			Unknown but destroyed	Either cremated and thrown in the Tiber, buried (and thus destroyed) in Old Saint Peter's, or buried whole in Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1 October 965 – 6 September 972	[[File:Ioannes XIII.png	70px]]	John XIII	[[File:Kopparstick på kyrkan S. Paolo i Rom, 1600-tal - Skoklosters slott - 99719.tif	140px]]		Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls	Destroyed

11th century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location	Notes
June 1003 – December 1003	[[File:Ioannes_XVII.png	70px]]	John XVII			Unknown but destroyed	Either San Paolo fuori le Mura, Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran or Santa Sabina
25 December 1003 – July 1009	[[Image:Ioannes XVII (XVIII).jpg	70px]]	John XVIII			Unknown but destroyed	Either San Paolo fuori le Mura or Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1032–1044	[[Image:Benedictus IX (Saint Paul Outside the Walls).png	70px]]	Benedict IX	[[File:Grottaferrata-abbazia01.jpg	140px]]		Abbey of Grottaferrata	Discovered on March 4, 1739; destroyed during World War II
1045	[[Image:Pope_Sylvester_III_–_Nuremberg_chronicles_f_188v_1.jpg	70px]]	Sylvester III			Unknown
13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057	[[Image:Victor II (Saint Paul Outside the Walls).png	70px]]	Victor II			Santa Maria Rotunda (Ravenna)	Destroyed; claimed reburied in San Reparata (Florence) unsupported by evidence
2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058	[[Image:B Stephan IX.jpg	70px]]	Stephen IX, O.S.B.	[[File:Duomo Firenze Apr 2008 (12).JPG	140px]]		Santa Reparata (Florence)	Tomb discovered in 1357 during the laying of the foundation for the new Duomo
6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061	[[Image:Robert Guiscard claimed as a Duke (Detail of Nicholas II).jpg	70px]]	Nicholas II	[[File:Duomo Firenze Apr 2008 (12).JPG	140px]]		Santa Reparata (Florence)	Possibly reburied in the outer left aisle of St. Peter's; no remains of tomb in either today
30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073	[[Image:Papa alessandro II.jpg	70px]]	Alexander II			Unknown but lost	Either the Lateran Archbasilica or St. Peter's

12th century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location	Notes
21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187	[[Image:B Gregor VIII.jpg	70px]]	Gregory VIII, Can. Reg.	[[File:PisaDuomoSunset20020322.JPG	140px]]		Pisa Cathedral, Chapel of Our Lady	Antipope Victor IV]] in Lucca on his way to Pisa, where he died

13th century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Tomb	Sculptor	Location	Notes
18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227	[[File:Vad-0321 025 Honorius III (cropped).jpg	70px]]	Honorius III	[[File:SantaMariaMaggiore front.jpg	140px]]		Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore	No longer extant
12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261	[[Image:B Alexander IV.jpg	70px]]	Alexander IV	[[File:Duomo (Viterbo) - Esterno.jpg	140px]]		Viterbo Cathedral	Destroyed in 1490; no longer extant

Notes

References

Reardon, Wendy J. 2004. The Deaths of the Popes. Macfarland & Company, Inc.

References

Reardon, 2004, pp. 23–26.
Reardon, 2004, p. 23.
Reardon, 2004, pp. 10–11.
Reardon, 2004, pp. 272–277.
Reardon, 2004, pp. 70–109.
Reardon, 2004, pp. 23–24.
Reardon, 2004, p. 24.
Reardon, 2004, pp. 24–25.
Reardon, 2005, p. 26.
Reardon, 2004, p. 40.
Reardon, 2004, p. 41.
Reardon, 2004, 41–42.
Reardon, 2004, p. 44.
Reardon, 2004, p. 270.
Reardon, 2004, p. 45.
Reardon, 2004, p. 61.
Reardon, 2004, p. 69.
Reardon, 2004, p. 73.
Reardon, 2004, p. 79.
Reardon, 2004, p. 80.
Reardon, 2004, p. 81.
Reardon, 2004, p. 82.
Reardon, 2004, p. 85.
Reardon, 2004, p. 98.
Reardon, 2004, p. 100.
Reardon, 2004, p. 103.
Frothingham, A. L., Jr. (1891). "Notes on Roman Artists of the Middle Ages. III. Two Tombs of the Popes at Viterbo by Vassallectus and Petrus Oderisi". The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts, 7(1/2): 38.

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