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List of Neolithic cultures of China

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Summary

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This is a list of Neolithic cultures of China that have been unearthed by archaeologists. They are sorted in chronological order from earliest to latest and are followed by a schematic visualization of these cultures.

It would seem that the definition of Neolithic in China is undergoing changes. The discovery in 2012 of pottery about 20,000 years BC indicates that this measure alone can no longer be used to define the period. It will fall to the more difficult task of determining when cereal domestication started.

List

Dates (BCE)	English name	Chinese name	Modern-day name and location
18000–7000	Xianren Cave culture
(Paleolithic)		Wannian County, Shangrao, Jiangxi
8500–7700	Nanzhuangtou culture		Yellow River region in southern Hebei
7500–6100	Pengtoushan culture		central Yangtze region in northwestern Hunan
7000–5000	Peiligang culture		Yi-Luo river basin valley in Henan
6500–5500	Houli culture		Shandong
6200–5400	Xinglongwa culture		Inner Mongolia-Liaoning border
6000–5000	Kuahuqiao culture		Zhejiang
6000–5500	Cishan culture		southern Hebei
5800–5400	Dadiwan culture		Gansu and western Shaanxi
5500–4800	Xinle culture		lower Liao River on the Liaodong Peninsula
5500–3500	Gaomiao culture		Yangtze River, Hunan
5400–4500	Zhaobaogou culture		Luan River valley in Inner Mongolia and northern Hebei
5300–4100	Beixin culture		Shandong
5000–4500	Hemudu culture		Yuyao and Zhoushan, Zhejiang
5000–3000	Daxi culture		Three Gorges region
5000–3000	Majiabang culture		Lake Tai area and north of Hangzhou Bay
5000–3000	Yangshao culture		Henan, Shaanxi, and Shanxi
4800–4300	Tangjiagang culture		Hunan, Liyang Plain of the Lishui River
4700–2900	Hongshan culture		Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, and Hebei
4100–2600	Dawenkou culture		Shandong, Anhui, Henan, and Jiangsu
3800–3300	Songze culture		Lake Tai area
3400–2250	Liangzhu culture		Yangtze River Delta
3100–2700	Majiayao culture		upper Yellow River region in Gansu and Qinghai
3100–2700	Qujialing culture		middle Yangtze region in Hubei and Hunan
3000–2000	Longshan culture		central and lower Yellow River
2800–2000	Baodun culture		Chengdu Plain
2500–2000	Shijiahe culture		middle Yangtze region in Hubei
1900–1500	Yueshi culture		lower Yellow River region in Shandong
1600–1400	Erligang culture		North China Plain

Schematic outline

Map of the Chinese Neolithic

These cultures existed during the period from 8500 to 1500 BC. Neolithic cultures remain unmarked and Bronze Age cultures (from 2000 BC) are marked with *. There are many differences in opinion on the dating for these cultures, so the dates chosen here are tentative:

Year
(BC)	North-east
China
(1)	Upper
Yellow River
(2)	Middle
Yellow River
(3)	Lower-
Yellow
River
(4)	Lower-
Yangtze
(5)	Middle-
Yangtze
(6)	Sichuan (7)	Southeast
China
(8)	South-west
China
(9)	8500	8000	7500	7000	6500	6000	5500	5000	4500	4000	3500	3000	2500	2000	1500	1000
		Nanzhuangtou
8500–7700
Pengtoushan
(including
Chengbeixi
and Zaoshi)
7000–5800
Dadiwan	Peiligang	Houli
6500–5500	Zengpiyan
7000–5500
Xinglongwa
6200–5400	Laoguantai	Cishan
Baijia
6500–5000	Jiahu
Lijiacun
6500–5000	Kuahuqiao
6000–5000
	Beixin
5300–4500
Xinle
5300–4800
	Yangshao
5000–3000	Hemudu
5000–3400	Daxi
5000–3300	Dapenkeng
Fuguodun
5000–3000
	Majiabang
5000–4000
Zhaobaogou
4500–4000
Dawenkou
4300–2600	Songze
4000–3000
Qujialing
3500–2600
Hongshan
(incl. Fuhe)
3400–2300	Yingpanshan
3100–?
Majiayao
3300–2700	Liangzhu
3200–1800
		Tanishan
Banshan
2700–2400		Shijiahe
2500–2000	Baodun
2800–2000	Shixia
Longshan
2800–2000	Nianyuzhuan
Machang
2400–2000	Qinglongquan	Qinglongquan
Longshan
2400–2000	Hedang
3000–?	Baiyangcun
2200–2100
	*Qijia
2300–1800	*Shimao
2300–1800
*Xiajiadian
2000–300	Dalongtan
2100–2000
*Erlitou
1900–1500	*Yueshi
1900–1500	*Panlongcheng
1900-1400
*Siba
1950–1500	*Maqiao
1800–1200
*Erligang
1600–1400	*Sanxingdui
1700–1150	*Wucheng
1600-?
		*Wucheng
1400-?
*Siwa
1350-650	*Huanbei
1350-1300		*Shi'erqiao
1200-800
*Zhou dynasty
1046–256

For this schematic outline of its neolithic cultures China has been divided into the following nine parts:

Northeast China: Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.
Northwest China (Upper Yellow River): Gansu, Qinghai and western part of Shaanxi.
North-central China (Middle Yellow River): Shanxi, Hebei, western part of Henan and eastern part of Shaanxi.
Eastern China (lower Yellow River): Shandong, Anhui, northern part of Jiangsu and eastern part Henan.
East-south-eastern China (lower Yangtze): Zhejiang and biggest part of Jiangsu.
South-central China (middle Yangtze): Hubei and northern part of Hunan.
Sichuan and upper Yangtze.
Southeast China: Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, southern part of Hunan, lower Red River in the northern part of Vietnam and the island of Taiwan.
Southwest China: Yunnan and Guizhou.

References

(29 June 2012). "Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China". Science.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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