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List of Major League Baseball tie-breakers
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A tie-breaker was required in Major League Baseball (MLB) when two or more teams were tied at the end of the regular season for a postseason position such as a league pennant (prior to the introduction of the League Championship Series in 1969), a division title, or a wild card spot. Until 2022, both the American League (AL) and the National League (NL) used a one-game playoff format for tie-breakers, although the NL used a best-of-three series prior to 1969, when the leagues were split into divisions. As these tie-breaker games counted as part of the regular season and MLB teams (American League beginning in 1961, and National League beginning in 1962) have 162-game regular season schedules, the tie-breaker games were sometimes referred to as "Game 163". In 2022, as part of the new Collective Bargaining Agreement to end the 2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout, tiebreaker games were replaced with statistical tiebreaker procedures.
Sixteen tie-breakers – 12 single-game and four series – have been played in MLB history. In baseball statistics, tie-breaker games counted as regular season games with all events in them counted towards regular season statistics. This had implications on statistical races, such as when Matt Holliday won the batting average and runs batted in titles thanks in part to his performance in the 2007 tie-breaker. Home-field advantage for tie-breakers was determined by a coin flip through the 2008 season, after which performance-based criteria, starting with head-to-head record of the tied teams, were put in place.
Although there have been no situations requiring a tie-breaker between more than two teams, it was possible. In 2007, for example, the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Mets, San Diego Padres, Colorado Rockies, and Arizona Diamondbacks finished the season within two games of one another. The possibility existed for as many as four teams to be locked in a series of tie-breakers that year to decide the NL East, West, and Wild Card. Similarly, late in the 2012 season the possibility existed for the New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, and either the Texas Rangers or Oakland Athletics to all finish with the same record. This could have required the teams to play a complex set of multiple games to determine divisional and wild card winners, a situation which Jayson Stark described as potentially "baseball's worst scheduling nightmare."
History
The first tie-breaker, held in 1946, decided the winner of the NL pennant between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Brooklyn Dodgers, who had finished the season tied at 96–58. The Cardinals won the series in two games and went on to win the 1946 World Series, one of four tie-breaker winners who have gone on to win the World Series. Three tie-breaker games have gone into extra innings: the decisive second game of the 1959 series, the 2007 Wild Card tie-breaker, and the 2009 game. The 2008 tie-breaker, a 1–0 victory for the White Sox, was the lowest scoring game, while the 2007 match-up with 17 total runs was the highest scoring. The Dodgers franchise has participated in six tie-breakers, twice while the team was based in Brooklyn and four times in Los Angeles, the most for any team. Dodger Stadium, Ebbets Field, Fenway Park, the Polo Grounds and Wrigley Field are the only venues which have hosted multiple tie-breaker games. Both games at the Polo Grounds came in the 1951 series.
One of the most famous moments in MLB history came in the final game of the 1951 National League tie-breaker series. Entering the bottom of the ninth inning the New York Giants were trailing the Dodgers 4–1. Al Dark and Don Mueller each singled to put runners on first and third base. Whitey Lockman hit a double, scoring Dark to make the game 4–2. Finally, Bobby Thomson hit a walk-off home run which has come to be known as the "Shot Heard 'Round the World" to give the Giants the 5–4 victory and the National League pennant. ESPN's SportsCentury ranked it as the second greatest game of the 20th century. In 1962, the first season of the NL expanded schedule to 162 games, the only best-of-three tie breaker in the 162-game season took place between the San Francisco Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers with the Giants winning 2–1. This was the longest regular season schedule ever played by 2 teams at 165 games, a record that will almost certainly never be matched. The 2000s saw three years of consecutive one-run tiebreaker games. The Rockies stormed back from a 2-run deficit in the 13th in 2007, winning 9–8 in a surprising run to the World Series that year. In 2008, a Jim Thome home run and a stellar performance by John Danks helped the White Sox edge out the Twins 1–0. The Twins ended up on the winning side the following year, tying the game in the 10th after going down a run and then walking off in the 12th inning to defeat the Tigers 6–5.
In 2018, two tiebreakers were played to conclude the season for the first time in MLB history. The NL West was decided between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Colorado Rockies, while the NL Central was decided between the Milwaukee Brewers and the Chicago Cubs. The Dodgers and Brewers, the winners of these games, advanced to the NLDS, while the losers played each other in the Wild Card game.
Despite one team playing on their home field, tie-breakers have not favored the home team statistically, with the home team having gone 11–11 since the first tie-breaker game was played.
Starting with the 2022 season, as part of the new Collective Bargaining Agreement to end the 2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout, MLB added a third wild card team in each league, expanding the playoffs to 12 teams, and abolishing the tiebreaker game format. Ties will only be broken with a set of statistical procedures.
During the 2024 season, Hurricane Helene postponed two games from a late September Braves/Mets series. With no other common off-days, these games were rescheduled for Monday, September 30, one day after the regular season was scheduled to end. Major League Baseball announced the games would not be played if the games did not have playoff implications. However, these games did have playoff implications, resulting in this doubleheader becoming a pseudo-tiebreaker. If either the Mets or the Braves won both games, that team would advance to the Wild Card Series along with the Diamondbacks. If the games were split, both the Braves and the Mets would make the playoffs. The Mets and Braves split the games, resulting in both teams advancing to the playoffs.
Key
| Title | Winning/Losing team | Score(s) | Postseason result (winner) | Postseason result (loser) | * | # | ^ | Head-to-head |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The pennant, division, or wild card which the tie-breaker decided. Links to the tie-breaker game or series. | ||||||||
| The winning and losing team for the tie-breaker (for the overall series in the case of a best-of-three series) | ||||||||
| Score of the game, extra innings noted in parentheses | ||||||||
| Fate of team winning the tie-breaker in the subsequent postseason | ||||||||
| Fate of team losing the tie-breaker in the subsequent postseason (if qualified) | ||||||||
| Team subsequently won the World Series | ||||||||
| Team subsequently lost the World Series | ||||||||
| Tie-breaker was contested in a best-of-three series rather than a one-game playoff | ||||||||
| Head-to-head win/loss record and winning percentage of the winning vs. losing team during the regular season prior to the tie-breaker itself |
Tie-breaking games and series
| Title | Winning team | Score(s) | Losing team | Site(s) | Postseason result | Head-to-head | Ref. | Winner | Loser | 1946 NL pennant | 1948 AL pennant | 1951 NL pennant | 1959 NL pennant | 1962 NL pennant | 1978 AL East | 1980 NL West | 1995 AL West | 1998 NL Wild Card | 1999 NL Wild Card | 2007 NL Wild Card | 2008 AL Central | 2009 AL Central | 2013 AL Wild Card | 2018 NL Central | 2018 NL West | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Louis Cardinals | 4–2, 8–4^ | Brooklyn Dodgers | Sportsman's Park (Game 1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ebbets Field (Game 2) | Won WS 4–3 (Red Sox)* | Did not qualify | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cleveland Indians | 8–3 | Boston Red Sox | Fenway Park | Won WS 4–2 (Braves)* | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York Giants | 3–1, 0–10, 5–4^ | Brooklyn Dodgers | Ebbets Field (Game 1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Polo Grounds (Games 2, 3) | Lost WS 4–2 (Yankees)# | Did not qualify | url=http://retrosheet.org/BRO19511001 | title=Game of Monday, 10/1/1951 – New York at Brooklyn (D) | access-date=May 6, 2010 | publisher=Retrosheet, Inc | archive-date=June 10, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610003721/http://retrosheet.org/BRO19511001 | url-status=dead}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Los Angeles Dodgers | 3–2, 6–5 (12)^ | Milwaukee Braves | County Stadium (Game 1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Game 2) | Won WS 4–2 (White Sox)* | Did not qualify | url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/MLN/MLN195909280.shtml | title=September 28, 1959 Los Angeles Dodgers at Milwaukee Braves Box Score and Play by Play | work=Baseball-Reference.com | access-date=May 8, 2010 | archive-date=November 16, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116172333/https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/MLN/MLN195909280.shtml | url-status=live}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Giants | 8–0, 7–8, 6–4^ | Los Angeles Dodgers | Candlestick Park (Game 1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dodger Stadium (Games 2, 3) | Lost WS 4–3 (Yankees)# | Did not qualify | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York Yankees | 5–4 | Boston Red Sox | Fenway Park | Won ALCS 3–1 (Royals), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Won WS 4–2 (Dodgers)* | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Houston Astros | 7–1 | Los Angeles Dodgers | Dodger Stadium | Lost NLCS 3–2 (Phillies) | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle Mariners | 9–1 | California Angels | Kingdome | Won ALDS 3–2 (Yankees), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lost ALCS 4–2 (Indians) | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chicago Cubs | 5–3 | San Francisco Giants | Wrigley Field | Lost NLDS 3–0 (Braves) | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York Mets | 5–0 | Cincinnati Reds | Cinergy Field | Won NLDS 3–1 (Diamondbacks), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lost NLCS 4–2 (Braves) | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Colorado Rockies | 9–8 (13) | San Diego Padres | Coors Field | Won NLDS 3–0 (Phillies), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Won NLCS 4–0 (Diamondbacks), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lost WS 4–0 (Red Sox)# | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chicago White Sox | 1–0 | Minnesota Twins | U.S. Cellular Field | Lost ALDS 3–1 (Rays) | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minnesota Twins | 6–5 (12) | Detroit Tigers | Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Lost ALDS 3–0 (Yankees) | Did not qualify | url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20091006&content_id=7367504&vkey=recap&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb | title=Never-give-up Twins win AL Central title | date=October 6, 2009 | work=MLB.com | publisher=Major League Baseball | access-date=May 8, 2010 | archive-date=February 17, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217140327/http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20091006&content_id=7367504&vkey=recap&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb | url-status=live}} | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tampa Bay Rays | 5–2 | Texas Rangers | Rangers Ballpark in Arlington | Won ALWC (Indians), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lost ALDS 3–1 (Red Sox) | Did not qualify | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Milwaukee Brewers | 3–1 | Chicago Cubs | Wrigley Field | Won NLDS 3–0 (Rockies), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lost NLCS 4–3 (Dodgers) | Lost NLWC (Rockies) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Los Angeles Dodgers | 5–2 | Colorado Rockies | Dodger Stadium | Won NLDS 3–1 (Braves), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Won NLCS 4–3 (Brewers), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lost WS 4–1 (Red Sox)# | Won NLWC (Cubs), | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lost NLDS 3-0 (Brewers) |
Win–loss records by team
This only lists teams who participated in at least one tiebreaker game, and lists them under their current identities.
| Team | Win–loss record | Appearances | Atlanta Braves | Boston Red Sox | Chicago Cubs | Chicago White Sox | Cincinnati Reds | Cleveland Guardians | Colorado Rockies | Detroit Tigers | Houston Astros | Los Angeles Angels | Los Angeles Dodgers | Milwaukee Brewers | Minnesota Twins | New York Mets | New York Yankees | San Diego Padres | San Francisco Giants | Seattle Mariners | St. Louis Cardinals | Tampa Bay Rays | Texas Rangers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0–2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0–1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0–1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0–1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2–4 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0–1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2–1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1–0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0–1 | 1 |
In cases where a series was played, win–loss total reflects outcome of the series, not individual games.
Team choices on tiebreaker designations
A tiebreaker involving three teams or more would have involved a more complex series of match-ups to determine what team(s) earned what playoff berth(s). This scenario never actually occurred but, on a few occasions, it was close enough that the teams involved selected tiebreaker designation in anticipation of such a scenario.
Three-way tie for one wild card spot
While such a tie had never occurred, teams within range were requested to choose between designations A, B, and C in case. Team A hosted Team B. The winner would then host Team C, with the winner of that game getting the wild card spot.
| Year | Teams involved | 1st Team's choice | 2nd Team's choice | 3rd Team's designation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Red Sox, Mariners, Blue Jays | Red Sox chose C | Mariners chose A | Blue Jays given B |
| Blue Jays, Yankees, Mariners | Blue Jays chose C | Yankees chose A | Mariners given B |
Three-way tie for two wild card spots
While such a tie had never occurred, teams within range were requested to choose between designations A, B, and C in case. Team A hosted Team B, with the winner awarded one spot. Team C would host the loser of the first game, with the winner getting the other spot.
| Year | Teams involved | 1st Team's choice | 2nd Team's choice | 3rd Team's designation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | Indians, Rays, Rangers | Indians chose A | Rays chose B | Rangers given C |
| 2016 | Blue Jays, Orioles, Tigers | Blue Jays chose A | Orioles chose C | Tigers given B |
| 2021 | Red Sox, Blue Jays, Yankees | Red Sox chose A | Blue Jays chose B | Yankees given C |
| Red Sox, Yankees, Mariners | Red Sox chose A | Yankees chose B | Mariners given C |
Four-way tie for two wild card spots
While such a tie had never occurred, teams within range were requested to choose between designations A, B, C, and D in case. Team A hosted Team B. Team C hosted Team D. The winners of each game would have been awarded a wild-card spot.
| Year | Teams within range | 1st Team's choice | 2nd Team's choice | 3rd Team's choice | 4th Team's designation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Red Sox, Blue Jays, Yankees, Mariners | Red Sox chose A | Blue Jays chose C | Yankees chose B | Mariners given D |
Statistical tie-breaks
The following lists the statistics used to break tie-breaks. The team winning the tie-break is bolded. ꬸ indicates the team losing the tie-break missed the postseason.
| Year | Teams | Race | Tiebreak | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | AL West champions | |||
| (#2 seed in AL) | Athletics won season series against the Mariners (9–4) | |||
| #2 seed in NL | Cardinals won season series against the Braves (4–3) | |||
| 2001 | NL Central champions | |||
| (#1 seed in NL) | Astros won season series against the Cardinals (9–7) | |||
| 2004 | #2 seed in AL | Angels won season series against the Twins (5–4) | ||
| 2005 | AL East champions | |||
| (Yankees and Red Sox only) | Yankees won season series against the Red Sox (10–9) | |||
| #2 seed in AL | Angels won season series against the Yankees (6–4) | |||
| 2006 | NL West champions | |||
| (#2 seed in NL) | Padres won season series against the Dodgers (13–5) | |||
| 2007 | #1 seed in AL | Red Sox won season series against the Indians (5–2) | ||
| 2012 | #4 seed in AL | Rangers won season series against the Orioles (5–2) | ||
| 2014 | #4 seed in NL | Pirates won season series against the Giants (4–2) | ||
| 2016 | #4 seed in AL | Blue Jays won season series against the Orioles (10–9) | ||
| #4 seed in NL | Mets won season series against the Giants (4–3) | |||
| 2020 | 2nd place in AL Central | |||
| (#4 seed in AL) | Indians won season series against the White Sox (8–2) | |||
| #8 seed in NL | Teams did not play | |||
| Brewers had a better division record than the Giants (19–21 to 18–22) | ||||
| 2021 | #4 seed in AL | Red Sox won season series against the Yankees (10–9) | ||
| 2022 | NL East champions | |||
| (#2 seed in NL) | Braves won season series against the Mets (10–9) | |||
| 2023 | AL West champions | |||
| (#2 seed in AL) | Astros won season series against the Rangers (9–4) | |||
| #5 seed in NL | Marlins won season series against the Diamondbacks (4–2) | |||
| 2024 | #5 and #6 seeds in NL | Braves won season series against the Mets (7–6) and Diamondbacks (5–2) | ||
| Mets won season series against the Diamondbacks (4–3) | ||||
| #5 seed in AL | Royals won season series against the Tigers (7–6) | |||
| 2025 | AL East champions | |||
| (#1 seed in AL) | Blue Jays won season series against the Yankees (8–5) | |||
| #6 seed in AL | Tigers won season series against the Astros (4–2) | |||
| #6 seed in NL | Reds won season series against the Mets (4–2) |
References
Notes
General
Specific
References
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- (15 March 2022). "MLB lockout: 10 important under-the-radar changes in CBA, including new schedule format and loss of Game 163".
- Lacques, Gabe. "RIP Game 163: MLB's new postseason system ends storied one-game tiebreaker. A 'bummer' for baseball?".
- (5 October 2022). "2022 MLB playoffs: New postseason format explained, and why there are no more Game 163 tiebreakers".
- (October 2, 2007). "Holliday comes through big to take first batting title". [[ESPN.com]].
- "Ownership approves two major rules amendments".
- "Standings on Sunday, September 30, 2007". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- Stark, Jayson. (September 28, 2007). "NL could be in playoff tiebreakers until Thursday". [[ESPN.com]].
- Stark, Jayson. (September 25, 2012). "October scheduling nightmares: Part 896". [[ESPN.com]].
- "Standings on Sunday, September 29, 1946". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "1946 World Series". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
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- "October 6, 2009 Detroit Tigers at Minnesota Twins Box Score and Play by Play". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "Game of Wednesday, 10/3/1951 – Brooklyn at New York (D)". Retrosheet, Inc.
- "ESPN SportsCentury". Hyperion ESPN Books.
- "Game 163! Historic Day on Tap as Dodgers-Rockies, Cubs-Brewers Set for NL Tiebreakers Monday".
- Stark, Jayson. (September 28, 2024). "Mets, Braves need weekend sweeps to avoid playing Monday: Latest NL playoff scenarios".
- Schoenfield, David. (September 30, 2024). "Playoff implications for Mets, Braves, D-backs in MLB doubleheader".
- "Game of Tuesday, 10/1/1946 – Brooklyn at St. Louis (D)". Retrosheet, Inc.
- "Game of Thursday, 10/3/1946 – St. Louis at Brooklyn (D)". Retrosheet, Inc.
- "Game of Monday, 10/4/1948 – Cleveland at Boston (D)". Retrosheet, Inc.
- "Game of Monday, 10/1/1951 – New York at Brooklyn (D)". Retrosheet, Inc.
- "Game of Tuesday, 10/2/1951 – Brooklyn at New York (D)". Retrosheet, Inc.
- "September 28, 1959 Los Angeles Dodgers at Milwaukee Braves Box Score and Play by Play". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "Monday, October 1, 1962 Los Angeles Dodgers at San Francisco Giants Play by Play and Box Score". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
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- "Wednesday, October 3, 1962, 1962 San Francisco Giants at Los Angeles Dodgers Play by Play and Box Score". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "Monday, October 2, 1978 New York Yankees at Boston Red Sox Box Score and Play by Play". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "Monday, October 6, 1980 Houston Astros at Los Angeles Dodgers Box Score and Play by Play". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "Monday, October 2, 1995 California Angels at Seattle Mariners Box Score and Play by Play". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "Monday, September 28, 1998 San Francisco Giants at Chicago Cubs Box Score and Play by Play". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "October 4, 1999 New York Mets at Cincinnati Reds Box Score and Play by Play". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- "September 30, 2008 Minnesota Twins at Chicago White Sox Box Score and Play by Play". [[Baseball-Reference.com]].
- (October 6, 2009). "Never-give-up Twins win AL Central title". [[Major League Baseball]].
- "September 30, 2013 Tampa Bay Rays at Texas Rangers Box Score". [[Major League Baseball]].
- (October 1, 2018). "Yelich, Brewers Beat Cubs 3–1 for NL Central Title". [[ESPN]].
- (October 1, 2018). "Buehler, Dodgers Top Rockies 5-2; 6th Straight NL West Title".
- (September 2, 2014). "Playoff tiebreaker rules". [[mlb.com]].
- Castrovince, Anthony. (October 3, 2021). "Explaining AL Wild Card tiebreaker scenarios".
- (October 3, 2021). "Potential AL tiebreaker matchups, locations". MLB.
- Axisa, Mike. (September 27, 2013). "MLB announces tiebreaker sequence for AL wild-card, if necessary". CBS Sports.
- Nightengale, Bob. (October 1, 2016). "Blue Jays, Orioles, Tigers pick tiebreaker options for AL wild-card berth". USA Today.
- "Astros Take NL Central".
- (2005-10-02). "BASEBALL; Why the Yankees Clinched the East". [[The New York Times]].
- (2006-10-02). "BASEBALL: MAJOR LEAGUE ROUNDUP; Twins Take A.L. Central From Tigers". The New York Times.
- Landry, Kennedi. "Rangers head to postseason as 2nd AL Wild Card team".
- Gilbert, Steve. "D-backs seal 1st trip to postseason since 2017".
- Piecoro, Nick. "The celebration never arrived: Arizona Diamondbacks watch postseason hopes flame out". The Arizona Republic.
- Beck, Jason. (September 27, 2024). "Tigers overcome the odds to clinch first playoff berth since 2014".
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