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List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning

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Summary

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An immaculate inning occurs in baseball when a pitcher strikes out all three batters he faces in one inning using the minimum possible number of pitches: nine. This has happened 118 times in Major League Baseball history; 110 pitchers have accomplished the feat.

The feat was first performed by John Clarkson of the Boston Beaneaters against the Philadelphia Quakers on June 4, 1889; and most recently by Mason Miller of the San Diego Padres on September 3, 2025. The term "immaculate inning" first appeared in newspapers after 2000.

Five pitchers have accomplished the feat more than once: Hall of Famers Sandy Koufax and Nolan Ryan, and active pitchers Chris Sale, Max Scherzer, and Kevin Gausman. Only Koufax, Sale, and Scherzer have completed it three times apiece. Only Ryan and Gausman have done it in both the American League and National League. Sale threw two immaculate innings in the same season, doing so in 2019 on May 8th and then on June 5th, just 28 days later. In addition to being the only pitcher to throw an immaculate inning in three consecutive seasons, on June 30, 1962, Koufax accomplished his first immaculate inning while throwing his first no-hitter, the only player to do both in a single game.

Sloppy Thurston, Ryan, Wade Miley, Thomas Pannone, Reid Detmers, Hayden Wesneski, and Brandon Young are the only rookies to have achieved the feat. Danny Jackson is the sole pitcher to have thrown an immaculate inning in the postseason, doing so in the seventh inning of Game 5 of the 1985 World Series. Jackson pitched a complete game, winning 6–1 and staving off elimination for the Kansas City Royals, who eventually won the series in seven games.

While an immaculate inning typically occurs with the bases empty, a nine-pitch, three-strikeout performance can also be accomplished by a relief pitcher who enters the game with one or more runners on base. On May 8, 2014, Brad Boxberger of the Tampa Bay Rays entered a game against the Baltimore Orioles with the bases loaded and proceeded to strike out the side with nine pitches. No player has ever struck out four batters on 12 pitches in an inning, with one of those batters reaching base on an uncaught third strike.

No pitcher has thrown more than one immaculate inning in a game. Jesús Sánchez of the Florida Marlins came within one pitch of that feat on September 13, 1998. Facing the Atlanta Braves, Sánchez struck out the side in the bottom of the second inning on 10 pitches and threw an immaculate inning in the bottom of the third inning: six consecutive strikeouts on 19 pitches. Just one game has seen two pitchers throw immaculate innings: on June 15, 2022, Phil Maton and Luis Garcia of the Houston Astros struck out the same three Texas Rangers batters (Nathaniel Lowe, Ezequiel Durán, and Brad Miller) in the second and seventh innings respectively. Just 6 weeks later, Durán was also the first strikeout victim of the very next immaculate inning pitched by Reid Detmers on July 31, 2022, making him the only hitter to be on the opposing end of an immaculate inning three times, and in 3 consecutive immaculate innings, No. 105, 106, and 107. The Texas Rangers became just the second team to be on the receiving end of 3 consecutive immaculate innings, the first being the San Francisco Giants back in 1979.

There have been only 4 instances where a team threw an immaculate inning, they were on the receiving end of the very next immaculate inning. The first time was when Bill Wilson, of the Philadelphia Phillies threw an immaculate inning against the Atlanta Braves on July 6, 1971. Just 4 days later, on July 10, 1971, John Strohmayer, of the Montreal Expos threw an immaculate inning against the Philadelphia Phillies. The most recent time saw Jose Alvarado, of the Tampa Bay Rays do it on August 4, 2017 versus the Milwaukee Brewers. Only 5 days later, on August 9, 2017, Boston Red Sox pitcher Rick Porcello would throw an immaculate inning against the Tampa Bay Rays. The Houston Astros are the only team to have this happen twice, in 1991 and 2004, but the latter was unique in that it only involved two teams, as opposed to three teams in the other 3 instances. On April 15, 2004, Houston Astros pitcher Brandon Backe threw an immaculate inning against the Milwaukee Brewers. Less than 2 months later, on June 13, 2004, Ben Sheets, of the Milwaukee Brewers would throw the next immaculate inning against the same team that just threw one against his Brewers, the Houston Astros.

As of the current 2025 season, the Rangers and the Minnesota Twins are the only teams to never have thrown at least one immaculate inning in their history.

Frequency by decade

[[Billy Hoeft]]'s immaculate inning in 1953 was the first in 16 seasons.

[[Brandon McCarthy]] threw the seventh and final immaculate inning of 2014.

The frequency of immaculate innings has varied widely throughout baseball history. There were only 30 immaculate innings in the 114 Major League seasons from 1876 to 1988, an average of only 0.26 per season (or about 1 every 4 seasons), but the next 30 occurred in the 21 seasons from 1989 to 2009, an average of 1.43 per season. The pace has since picked up even more, with 57 immaculate innings in the 16 seasons from 2010 to 2025, a staggering average of 3.56 per season.

An alternate perspective shows that the first 39 immaculate innings took place between 1876 and 1996, 121 seasons, for an average of 0.32 per season (or about 1 every 3 seasons). The second 39 immaculate innings were thrown between 1997 and 2016, 20 seasons, for an average of 1.95 per season (or nearly 6 every 3 seasons). The most recent 39 immaculate innings occurred between 2017 and 2025, 9 seasons, for an average of 4.33 per season (or about 13 every 3 seasons). It took over 12 decades to reach 39 immaculate innings, then 2 decades for the next 39, and the most recent 39 took only 9 seasons. The 2025 season is the 150th season since the National League began keeping statistics.

Decade	Immaculate innings	Number	Cumulative	1880s		1		1	1890s		0		1	1900s		1		2	1910s		1		3	1920s		4		7	1930s		1		8	1940s		0		8	1950s		3		11	1960s		8		19	1970s		8		27	1980s		4		31	1990s		15		46	2000s		14		60	2010s		37		97	2020s		21		118

Players

Pitcher (X)	Date	Team	Opposing team	Inning	Batters faced (X)	Box
Name of the pitcher (number of immaculate innings they had pitched at that point, if more than one)
Date of the game
The pitcher's team at the time of the game
The team against whom the pitcher struck out three batters on nine pitches
The inning in which the pitcher struck out three batters on nine pitches
The batters who were struck out (number of immaculate innings they had struck out in at that point, if more than one)
Box score with play by play, if available
Pitcher has been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame
Pitcher is active

Pitcher	Date	Team	Opposing team	Inning	Batters faced	Box	(2)	(3)	(2)	(2)	(2)	(2)	Michael King
	Boston Beaneaters	Philadelphia Quakers		Jim Fogarty, Sam Thompson, Sid Farrar	n/a
	Philadelphia Athletics	Baltimore Orioles		Billy Gilbert, Harry Howell, John Cronin	n/a
	Brooklyn Dodgers	Boston Braves		Possum Whitted, Butch Schmidt, Red Smith
	Boston Braves	Philadelphia Phillies		Bevo LeBourveau, Cy Williams, Ed Konetchy
	Chicago White Sox	Philadelphia Athletics		Beauty McGowan, Chick Galloway, Sammy Hale
	Brooklyn Robins	Cincinnati Reds		Sam Bohne, Bubbles Hargrave, Eppa Rixey
	Philadelphia Athletics	Chicago White Sox		Moe Berg, Tommy Thomas, Johnny Mostil
	Philadelphia Athletics	New York Yankees		Tony Lazzeri, Lefty Gomez, Frankie Crosetti
	Detroit Tigers	Chicago White Sox		Jim Rivera, Mike Fornieles, Chico Carrasquel
	Philadelphia Phillies	Brooklyn Dodgers		Carl Furillo, Charlie Neal, Sandy Amorós
	Detroit Tigers	Boston Red Sox		Sammy White, Jim Mahoney, Ike Delock
	Los Angeles Dodgers	New York Mets		Richie Ashburn, Rod Kanehl, Félix Mantilla
	Los Angeles Dodgers	Houston Colt .45s		Bob Aspromonte, Jim Campbell, Turk Farrell
	Milwaukee Braves	Philadelphia Phillies		Tony González, Clay Dalrymple, Rubén Amaro
	Los Angeles Dodgers	Cincinnati Reds		Leo Cárdenas, Johnny Edwards, Jim Maloney
	Houston Colt .45s	St. Louis Cardinals		Bill White, Charlie James, Ken Boyer
	New York Yankees	Cleveland Indians		Tony Horton, Don Demeter, Duke Sims
	New York Mets	Los Angeles Dodgers		Claude Osteen, Wes Parker, Zoilo Versalles
	St. Louis Cardinals	Los Angeles Dodgers		Len Gabrielson, Paul Popovich, John Miller
	Philadelphia Phillies	Atlanta Braves		Darrell Evans, Hal King, Earl Williams
	Montreal Expos	Philadelphia Phillies		Mike Ryan, Woodie Fryman, Denny Doyle
	Chicago Cubs	Philadelphia Phillies		Greg Luzinski, Don Money, Mike Anderson
	California Angels	Boston Red Sox		Carlton Fisk, Bob Burda, Juan Beníquez
	Chicago Cubs	Montreal Expos		Ellis Valentine, Gary Carter, Larry Parrish
	Cincinnati Reds	San Francisco Giants		Mike Sadek, Gary Lavelle, Billy North
	Chicago Cubs	San Francisco Giants		Larry Herndon, Joe Strain, Jack Clark
	Atlanta Braves	San Francisco Giants		Larry Herndon (2), Greg Johnston, Johnnie LeMaster
	New York Yankees	Chicago White Sox		Carlton Fisk (2), Tom Paciorek, Greg Luzinski (2)
[](1985-world-series-game-5)	Kansas City Royals	St. Louis Cardinals		Terry Pendleton, Tom Nieto, Brian Harper	url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/SLN/SLN198510240.shtml	title=October 24, 1985 World Series Game 5, Royals at Cardinals Play by Play and Box Score	work=Baseball-Reference.com	publisher=Sports Reference LLC	date=October 24, 1985	access-date=April 16, 2013	archive-date=December 19, 2020	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219220931/https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/SLN/SLN198510240.shtml	url-status=live}}
	Pittsburgh Pirates	Chicago Cubs		Leon Durham, Andre Dawson, Rafael Palmeiro
	Cincinnati Reds	San Diego Padres		Carmelo Martínez, Mark Parent, Garry Templeton
	Kansas City Royals	Texas Rangers		Pete Incaviglia, Geno Petralli, Thad Bosley
	Philadelphia Phillies	Cincinnati Reds		Hal Morris, Todd Benzinger, Jeff Reed
	New York Mets	Cincinnati Reds		Herm Winningham, Randy Myers, Mariano Duncan
	Houston Astros	Philadelphia Phillies		Wes Chamberlain, Dickie Thon, José DeJesús
	San Francisco Giants	Houston Astros		Jeff Bagwell, Eric Anthony, Rafael Ramírez
	Montreal Expos	New York Mets		David Segui, Todd Hundley, Jeff McKnight
	Kansas City Royals	Seattle Mariners		Eric Anthony (2), Chris Howard, Luis Sojo
	Los Angeles Dodgers	Pittsburgh Pirates		Mark Johnson, Angelo Encarnación, Steve Pegues
	Houston Astros	Colorado Rockies		Ellis Burks, Harvey Pulliam, Jeff Reed (2)
	Milwaukee Brewers	Kansas City Royals		Johnny Damon, Scott Cooper, Rod Myers
	Baltimore Orioles	Chicago White Sox		Robin Ventura, Magglio Ordóñez, Ray Durham
	San Francisco Giants	Colorado Rockies		Ellis Burks (2), Vinny Castilla, Todd Helton
	Florida Marlins	Atlanta Braves		Tony Graffanino, Greg Maddux, Walt Weiss	url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/ATL/ATL199809130.shtml	title=September 13, 1998 Florida Marlins at Atlanta Braves Box Score and Play by Play	work=Baseball-Reference.com	publisher=Sports Reference LLC	date=September 13, 1998	access-date=June 4, 2014	archive-date=July 24, 2020	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724024026/https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/ATL/ATL199809130.shtml	url-status=live}}
	Houston Astros	Detroit Tigers		Juan Encarnación, Brad Ausmus, Bobby Higginson
	Baltimore Orioles	Cleveland Indians		Manny Ramirez, Jim Thome, Richie Sexson
	Arizona Diamondbacks	Pittsburgh Pirates		Tony McKnight, Gary Matthews Jr., Jack Wilson
	St. Louis Cardinals	Houston Astros		Daryle Ward, José Vizcaíno, Julio Lugo
	Arizona Diamondbacks	Philadelphia Phillies		Scott Rolen, Mike Lieberthal, Pat Burrell
	Boston Red Sox	Seattle Mariners		Ichiro Suzuki, Mark McLemore, Rubén Sierra
	San Diego Padres	Baltimore Orioles		Brook Fordyce, Jerry Hairston Jr., Melvin Mora
	Houston Astros	Milwaukee Brewers		Bill Hall, Scott Podsednik, Craig Counsell
	Milwaukee Brewers	Houston Astros		Pete Munro, Craig Biggio, José Vizcaíno (2)
	Chicago Cubs	Florida Marlins		Jeff Conine, Juan Encarnación (2), Álex González
	Milwaukee Brewers	Detroit Tigers		Curtis Granderson, Plácido Polanco, Iván Rodríguez
	Atlanta Braves	San Diego Padres		Khalil Greene, Russell Branyan, José Cruz Jr.
	Oakland Athletics	Los Angeles Angels		Maicer Izturis, Howie Kendrick, Garret Anderson
	Seattle Mariners	Florida Marlins		Jeremy Hermida, Jorge Cantú, Mike Jacobs
	New York Yankees	Florida Marlins		Josh Johnson, Chris Coghlan, Emilio Bonifacio
	Pittsburgh Pirates	St. Louis Cardinals		Khalil Greene (2), Julio Lugo (2), Jason LaRue
	Tampa Bay Rays	Los Angeles Angels		Erick Aybar, Mike Napoli, Peter Bourjos
	Washington Nationals	Florida Marlins		Giancarlo Stanton, Greg Dobbs, John Buck
	Philadelphia Phillies	Atlanta Braves		Jason Heyward, Nate McLouth, Wilkin Ramírez
	Boston Red Sox	Baltimore Orioles		Adam Jones, Matt Wieters, Chris Davis
	Arizona Diamondbacks	Colorado Rockies		Jonathan Herrera, Drew Pomeranz, Josh Rutledge
	New York Yankees	New York Mets		Ike Davis, Mike Baxter, Rubén Tejada
	Toronto Blue Jays	Oakland Athletics		Adam Rosales, Coco Crisp, Chris Young
	Tampa Bay Rays	Baltimore Orioles		Steve Pearce, Jonathan Schoop, Caleb Joseph
	Philadelphia Phillies	Cincinnati Reds		Zack Cozart, Brandon Phillips, Todd Frazier
	Cleveland Indians	Boston Red Sox		Jonny Gomes, Grady Sizemore, Stephen Drew
	Los Angeles Angels	Houston Astros		Jon Singleton, Matt Dominguez, Chris Carter
	Colorado Rockies	San Francisco Giants		Michael Morse, Brandon Crawford, Gregor Blanco
	Cincinnati Reds	Pittsburgh Pirates		Jordy Mercer, Jeff Locke, Gregory Polanco
	New York Yankees	Tampa Bay Rays		Wil Myers, Nick Franklin, Matt Joyce
	Milwaukee Brewers	Los Angeles Dodgers		Enrique Hernández, Carlos Frías, Joc Pederson
	San Francisco Giants	Cincinnati Reds		Marlon Byrd, Brandon Phillips (2), Jay Bruce
	Pittsburgh Pirates	St. Louis Cardinals		Stephen Piscotty, Jhonny Peralta, Yadier Molina
	Cincinnati Reds	Baltimore Orioles		Jonathan Schoop (2), J. J. Hardy, Hyun-soo Kim
	Boston Red Sox	Milwaukee Brewers		Hernán Pérez, Travis Shaw, Domingo Santana
	Washington Nationals	Philadelphia Phillies		César Hernández, Odúbel Herrera, Aaron Altherr
	Los Angeles Dodgers	Miami Marlins		Derek Dietrich, J. T. Riddle, Ichiro Suzuki (2)
	Cleveland Indians	Detroit Tigers		Nicholas Castellanos, Mikie Mahtook, José Iglesias
	New York Yankees	Detroit Tigers		Jim Adduci, Justin Upton, Miguel Cabrera
	Tampa Bay Rays	Milwaukee Brewers		Travis Shaw (2), Jesús Aguilar, Hernán Pérez (2)
	Boston Red Sox	Tampa Bay Rays		Trevor Plouffe, Wilson Ramos, Mallex Smith
	Baltimore Orioles	Cleveland Indians		Yonder Alonso, Yan Gomes, Bradley Zimmer
	Washington Nationals	Tampa Bay Rays		Johnny Field, Christian Arroyo, Daniel Robertson
	Colorado Rockies	Pittsburgh Pirates		Corey Dickerson, Starling Marte, Gregory Polanco (2)
	Los Angeles Dodgers	Seattle Mariners		Kyle Seager, Ryon Healy, Cameron Maybin
	Milwaukee Brewers	St. Louis Cardinals		Tyler O'Neill, Dexter Fowler, Yairo Muñoz
	Toronto Blue Jays	Tampa Bay Rays		Avisaíl García, Brandon Lowe, Daniel Robertson (2)
	Boston Red Sox	Baltimore Orioles		Hanser Alberto, Dwight Smith Jr., Steve Wilkerson
	Boston Red Sox	Kansas City Royals		Kelvin Gutiérrez, Nicky Lopez, Martin Maldonado
	Washington Nationals	Miami Marlins		Garrett Cooper, Neil Walker, Starlin Castro
	Cincinnati Reds	St. Louis Cardinals		Yairo Muñoz (2), Dexter Fowler (2), Tommy Edman
	Atlanta Braves	Philadelphia Phillies		César Hernández (2), Jay Bruce (2), Logan Morrison
	Houston Astros	Los Angeles Angels		Kaleb Cowart, Matt Thaiss, Michael Hermosillo
	Cleveland Indians	Detroit Tigers		Jorge Bonifacio, Niko Goodrum, Austin Romine
	Washington Nationals	Atlanta Braves		Austin Riley, Dansby Swanson, William Contreras
	New York Yankees	Boston Red Sox		Hunter Renfroe, Marwin Gonzalez, Christian Vázquez
	New York Yankees	New York Mets		Michael Conforto, Jeff McNeil, Jonathan Villar
	Boston Red Sox	Minnesota Twins		Nick Gordon, Andrelton Simmons, Rob Refsnyder
	Los Angeles Dodgers	San Diego Padres		Fernando Tatís Jr., Eric Hosmer, Tommy Pham
	New York Yankees	Baltimore Orioles		Robinson Chirinos, Chris Owings, Kelvin Gutiérrez (2)
	Houston Astros	Texas Rangers		Nathaniel Lowe, Ezequiel Durán, Brad Miller
	Nathaniel Lowe (2), Ezequiel Durán (2), Brad Miller (2)
	Los Angeles Angels	Texas Rangers		Ezequiel Durán (3), Kole Calhoun, Charlie Culberson
	St. Louis Cardinals	Cincinnati Reds		Kyle Farmer, Jake Fraley, Donovan Solano
	Chicago Cubs	Pittsburgh Pirates		Jack Suwinski, Zack Collins, Jason Delay
	Cleveland Guardians	Tampa Bay Rays		Christian Bethancourt, Jose Siri, Taylor Walls
	Pittsburgh Pirates	Tampa Bay Rays		Taylor Walls (2), Luke Raley, Christian Bethancourt (2)
	Pittsburgh Pirates	Texas Rangers		Josh Smith, Robbie Grossman, Jonah Heim
	Chicago White Sox	Minnesota Twins		Brooks Lee, Matt Wallner, Max Kepler
	Tampa Bay Rays	Boston Red Sox		Connor Wong, Wilyer Abreu, Triston Casas
	Miami Marlins	Tampa Bay Rays		Jonathan Aranda, Christopher Morel, Kameron Misner
	Baltimore Orioles	New York Mets		Jesse Winker, Jeff McNeil, Luis Torrens
	Chicago Cubs	Cincinnati Reds		Tyler Stephenson, Gavin Lux, Ke'Bryan Hayes
September 3, 2025	San Diego Padres	Baltimore Orioles	8th	Jeremiah Jackson, Ryan Mountcastle, Emmanuel Rivera

Notes

References

General

Specific

References

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(August 8, 2018). "August 8, 2018 Pittsburgh Pirates at Colorado Rockies Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(August 19, 2018). "August 19, 2018 Los Angeles Dodgers at Seattle Mariners Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(March 30, 2019). "March 30, 2019 St. Louis Cardinals at Milwaukee Brewers Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(April 14, 2019). "April 14, 2019 Tampa Bay Rays at Toronto Blue Jays Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(May 8, 2019). "May 8, 2019 Boston Red Sox at Baltimore Orioles Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(June 5, 2019). "June 5, 2019 Boston Red Sox at Kansas City Royals Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(July 3, 2019). "July 3, 2019 Miami Marlins at Washington Nationals Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(August 18, 2019). "August 18, 2019 St. Louis Cardinals at Cincinnati Reds Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(September 11, 2019). "September 11, 2019 Atlanta Braves at Philadelphia Phillies Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(September 27, 2019). "September 27, 2019 Houston Astros at Los Angeles Angels Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(September 18, 2020). "September 18, 2020 Cleveland Indians at Detroit Tigers Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(May 5, 2021). "May 5, 2021 Atlanta Braves at Washington Nationals Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(June 4, 2021). "June 4, 2021 Boston Red Sox at New York Yankees Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(July 4, 2021). "July 4, 2021 New York Mets at New York Yankees Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(August 26, 2021). "August 26, 2021 Minnesota Twins at Boston Red Sox Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(September 12, 2021). "September 12, 2021 San Diego Padres at Los Angeles Dodgers Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(April 17, 2022). "April 17, 2022 New York Yankees at Baltimore Orioles Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(June 15, 2022). "June 15, 2022 Houston Astros at Texas Rangers Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(July 31, 2022). "July 31, 2022 Texas Rangers at Los Angeles Angels Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(September 16, 2022). "September 16, 2022 Cincinnati Reds at St. Louis Cardinals Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(September 22, 2022). "September 22, 2022 Chicago Cubs at Pittsburgh Pirates Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball Reference LLC.
(September 27, 2022). "September 27, 2022 Tampa Bay Rays at Cleveland Guardians Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(May 4, 2023). "May 4, 2023 Pittsburgh Pirates at Tampa Bay Rays Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(May 24, 2023). "May 24, 2023 Texas Rangers at Pittsburgh Pirates Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(July 10, 2024). "July 10, 2024 Minnesota Twins at Chicago White Sox Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(September 18, 2024). "September 18, 2024 Boston Red Sox at Tampa Bay Rays Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(May 18, 2025). "May 18, 2025 Tampa Bay Rays at Miami Marlins Play by Play and Box Score". Sports Reference LLC.
(July 8, 2025). "Immaculate inning a lifelong memory for O's rookie -- and one lucky young fan". [[Major League Baseball]].
(August 6, 2025). "Cincinnati Reds vs Chicago Cubs Box Score: August 6, 2025". Sports Reference LLC.
(3 September 2025). "Mason Miller wipes out O's on 9 straight sliders in immaculate inning".

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