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List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties
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Summary
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Since India gained independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) has seen a number of splits and breakaway factions. Some of the breakaway organisations have survived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.
List of breakaway parties
| Year | Party | Abbr. | Leader | Region | Status | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1915 | Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha | ABHM | Madan Mohan Malviya | National | active | ||||||||
| 1923 | Swaraj Party | SP | Chittaranjan Das, Motilal Nehru | Bengal Presidency | defunct | ||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1939 | All India Forward Bloc | AIFB | Sardul Singh Caveeshar | ||||||||||
| Sheel Bhadra Yagee | |||||||||||||
| Subhas Chandra Bose | National | active | |||||||||||
| 1951 | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party | KMPP | Jivatram Kripalani | Madras State | |||||||||
| Vindhya Pradesh | defunct | ||||||||||||
| merged with Praja Socialist Party | |||||||||||||
| 1951 | Hyderabad State Praja Party | Tanguturi Prakasam | |||||||||||
| N. G. Ranga | Hyderabad State | defunct | |||||||||||
| merged with Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party | |||||||||||||
| 1951 | Saurashtra Khedut Sangh | Narsinhbhai Dadhaniya | |||||||||||
| Ratibhai Ukabhai | Saurashtra State | defunct | |||||||||||
| merged with Swatantra Party | |||||||||||||
| 1956 | Indian National Democratic Congress | C. Rajagopalachari | Madras State | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Swatantra Party | |||||||||||||
| 1959 | Swatantra Party | C. Rajagopalachari | |||||||||||
| N. G. Ranga | Bihar | ||||||||||||
| Rajasthan | |||||||||||||
| Gujarat | |||||||||||||
| Orissa | defunct | ||||||||||||
| merged with Bharatiya Kranti Dal | |||||||||||||
| 1964 | Kerala Congress | K. M. George | Kerala | active as the original party has various factions, which have split off from it such as Kerala Congress (M), Kerala Congress (Jacob), Kerala Congress (B), Kerala Congress (Democratic), Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas), Kerala Congress (Thomas), Kerala Congress (Nationalist) | |||||||||
| 1966 | Orissa Jana Congress | Harekrushna Mahatab | Odisha | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Janata Party | |||||||||||||
| 1967 | Bangla Congress | Ajoy Mukherjee | West Bengal | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1967 | Vishal Haryana Party | Birender Singh | Haryana | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1967 | url=https://charansingh.org/biography | title=Charan Singh, A Brief Life History | publisher=Charan Singh Archives | author=Harsh Singh Lohit | pages= | archive-date=19 May 2021 | access-date=25 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519153120/https://charansingh.org/biography | url-status=live }} | Charan Singh | Uttar Pradesh | defunct | |
| merged with Bharatiya Lok Dal | |||||||||||||
| 1968 | Manipur Peoples Party | Mohammed Alimuddin | Manipur | active | |||||||||
| 1969 | Indian National Congress (R) | Indira Gandhi | National | active | |||||||||
| recognized as the INC by the Election Commission (EC) after the 1971 general election. The party was allowed to call itself the Indian National Congress without any suffix and the EC also restored the frozen Congress symbol of two bullocks to it. But, Indira Gandhi's supporters preferred the “Calf and Cow” symbol it had adopted after the 1969 split and dropped the suffix “R”.. | |||||||||||||
| 1969 | Indian National Congress (Organisation) | K. Kamaraj | |||||||||||
| National | defunct | ||||||||||||
| merged with Janata Party | |||||||||||||
| 1969 | Utkal Congress | Biju Patnaik | Odisha | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Janata Party | |||||||||||||
| 1969 | Telangana Praja Samithi | Marri Chenna Reddy | Andhra Pradesh | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1971 | Biplobi Bangla Congress | Sukumar Roy | West Bengal | active | |||||||||
| part of the Left Front (West Bengal) | |||||||||||||
| 1977 | Congress for Democracy | Jagjivan Ram | National | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Janata party | |||||||||||||
| 1978 | Indian National Congress (Indira) | Indira Gandhi | National | Recognised by the Election Commission as the INC in 1981 | |||||||||
| 1979 | Indian National Congress (Urs) | D. Devaraj Urs | Karnataka | ||||||||||
| Maharashtra | |||||||||||||
| Goa | defunct | ||||||||||||
| become Indian National Congress (Socialist) | |||||||||||||
| 1980 | Congress (A) | A. K. Antony | Kerala | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1981 | Indian National Congress (Socialist) | Sharad Pawar | Karnataka | ||||||||||
| Maharashtra | |||||||||||||
| Goa | defunct | ||||||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1981 | Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) | Jagjivan Ram | Bihar | defunct | |||||||||
| 1984 | Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Sinha | Sarat Chandra Sinha | Assam | active | |||||||||
| Major faction of the party merged with Nationalist Congress Party. However a residual faction still exists in Kerala as a part of Left Front. | |||||||||||||
| 1986 | Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress | Pranab Mukherjee | West Bengal | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1988 | Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani | Sivaji Ganesan | Tamil Nadu | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Janata Dal | |||||||||||||
| 1990 | Haryana Vikas Party | Bansi Lal | Haryana | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC in 2004 | |||||||||||||
| 1994 | All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) | Narayan Datt Tiwari | |||||||||||
| Arjun Singh | |||||||||||||
| Natwar Singh | |||||||||||||
| Rangarajan Kumaramangalam | Uttar Pradesh | defunct | |||||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1994 | Karnataka Congress Party | Bangarappa | Karnataka | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1994 | Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress | Vazhapadi Ramamurthy | Tamil Nadu | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1996 | Karnataka Vikas Party | Bangarappa | Karnataka | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1996 | Arunachal Congress | Gegong Apang | Arunachal Pradesh | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1996 | |||||||||||||
| 2014 | Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) | G. K. Moopanar 1996-2001 | |||||||||||
| G. K. Vasan (2014–present) | Tamil Nadu | active | |||||||||||
| merged with INC in 2001 | |||||||||||||
| split again from INC in 2014 | |||||||||||||
| 1996 | Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress | Madhavrao Scindia | Madhya Pradesh | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1997 | Tamil Nadu Makkal Congress | Vazhapadi Ramamurthy | Tamil Nadu | defunct | |||||||||
| 1997 | Himachal Vikas Congress | Sukh Ram | Himachal Pradesh | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1997 | Manipur State Congress Party | Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh | Manipur | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with RJD | |||||||||||||
| 1998 | All India Trinamool Congress | TMC, AITC | Mamata Banerjee | West Bengal | active | ||||||||
| left the alliance with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1998 | Goa Rajiv Congress Party | Francis de Souza | Goa | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Nationalist Congress Party | |||||||||||||
| 1998 | Arunachal Congress (Mithi) | Mukut Mithi | Arunachal Pradesh | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1998 | All India Indira Congress (Secular) | Shish Ram Ola | Rajasthan | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1998 | Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi | Suresh Kalmadi | Maharashtra | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 1999 | Bharatiya Jan Congress | Jagannath Mishra | Bihar | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Nationalist Congress Party | |||||||||||||
| 1999 | Nationalist Congress Party | Sharad Pawar | |||||||||||
| P.A. Sangma | |||||||||||||
| Tariq Anwar | Maharashtra | ||||||||||||
| Meghalaya | |||||||||||||
| Kerala | active | ||||||||||||
| alliance with INC. | |||||||||||||
| 1999 | Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party | Mufti Mohammad Sayeed | Jammu and Kashmir | active | |||||||||
| 2000 | Goa People's Congress | Francisco Sardinha | Goa | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 2001 | Congress Jananayaka Peravai | P. Chidambaram | Tamil Nadu | defunct | |||||||||
| formed as TMCJP, merged with inc | |||||||||||||
| 2001 | Thondar Congress | Kumari Ananthan | Tamil Nadu | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 2001 | Pondicherry Makkal Congress | P. Kannan | Puducherry | defunct | |||||||||
| 2002 | Vidarbha Janata Congress | Jambuwantrao Dhote | Maharashtra | active | |||||||||
| 2002 | Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan) | Sheik Hassan | Goa | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Bharatiya Janata Party | |||||||||||||
| 2002 | Gujarat Janata Congress | Chhabildas Mehta | Gujarat | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with NCP | |||||||||||||
| 2003 | Congress (Dolo) | Kameng Dolo | Arunachal Pradesh | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Bharatiya Janata Party | |||||||||||||
| 2003 | Nagaland People's Front | Neiphiu Rio | Nagaland | active | |||||||||
| 2005 | Pondicherry Munnetra Congress | P. Kannan | Puducherry | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 2005 | Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran) | K. Karunakaran | Kerala | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Nationalist Congress Party and a large number of workers returned to the INC with K. Karunakaran later his son K. Muraleedharan also returned to INC | |||||||||||||
| 2007 | Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) | Kuldeep Bishnoi | Haryana | merged with INC | |||||||||
| 2008 | Pragatisheel Indira Congress (PIC) | Somendra Nath Mitra | West Bengal | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with All India Trinamool Congress | |||||||||||||
| 2011 | Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party | Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy | Andhra Pradesh | active | |||||||||
| 2011 | All India N.R Congress | N. Rangaswamy | Puducherry | active | |||||||||
| 2014 | Jai Samaikyandhra Party | Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy | Andhra pradesh | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with INC | |||||||||||||
| 2016 | Chhattisgarh Janata Congress | Ajit Jogi | Chhattisgarh | active | |||||||||
| 2019 | Makkal Munnetra Congress | P. Kannan | Puducherry | defunct | |||||||||
| 2021 | Punjab Lok Congress | Captain Amarinder Singh | Punjab | defunct | |||||||||
| merged with Bharatiya Janata Party | |||||||||||||
| 2022 | Democratic Progressive Azad Party | Gulam Nabi Azad | Jammu and Kashmir | active |
References
https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/mis-Political_Parties/Constitution_of_Political_Parties/ConstitutionOfINC.pdf
References
- Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55
- Amit Mukherjee. (2004-04-03). "The case of the missing socialists". [[The Times of India]].
- Bose, K.; ''Forward Bloc''. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212
- Rajmohan Gandhi. "Its tone being liberal as well as conservative, Swatantra reached out to moderate Hindus and non-Hindus in ways not available to the Jan Sangh". [[Rediff]].
- "P. T. Chacko, Pullolil".
- Harsh Singh Lohit. "Charan Singh, A Brief Life History". Charan Singh Archives.
- Wallace, Paul. ''India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace'', in ''Asian Survey'', Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 68. {{JSTOR. 2642338
- Ksh Kennedy Singh. (2009-01-25). "The MPP and the People of Manipur". Manipuronline.com.
- Mukharjee, Aditya. "Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation". Academic Foundation, New Delhi.
- Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). ''India after Independence 1947-2000'', New Delhi:Penguin Books, {{ISBN. 0-14-027825-7, p.236
- G. G. Mirchandani. (2003). "320 Million Judges". Abhinav Publications.
- Andersen, Walter K.. ''India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension'', published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135
- (1999-06-11). "Spotlight: Merger with NCP". [[The Tribune (Chandigarh).
- Ashok Kumar. (2006-04-05). "From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues". [[The Hindu]].
- Bhavdeep Kang. (2004-04-03). "A Sleight Of Hand". [[Outlook India]].
- T.S. Subramanian. (2001-09-15). "Crusading Congressman". [[The Hindu]].
- Kalyan Chaudhuri. (2002-02-02). "A fractured verdict in Manipur". [[The Hindu]].
- "MEMBERS OF XII LOK SABHA". [[Parliament of India]].
- (2004-04-05). "Pune set for triangular fight". [[The Hindu]].
- (2005-09-01). "Karunakaran's party gets new name". [[The Hindu]].
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