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List of heirs to the Austrian throne
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This is a list of people who were heir apparent or heir presumptive to the Archduchy of Austria from when Leopold VI permanently unified the Archduchy in 1665 to the end of the monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1918. Those heirs who succeeded are shown in bold.
The position of heir to the Empire was often of great importance. More than once a younger brother of the emperor was persuaded to renounce his succession rights in his son's favour to provide a young male heir to the throne. The apparent suicide of the Crown Prince in 1889 and the assassination of the subsequent heir in 1914 (considered one of the great causes of World War I) led to instability in the monarchy, perhaps contributing to its abolition at the end of the War in 1918.
Heirs to the Austrian Archduchy
| Archduke | Heir | Relationship to archduke and status | Became heir | Ceased to be heir | Next in line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leopold VI | none, 1665-1667 | ||||
| Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel | Son | ||||
| Heir apparent | 28 September 1667; | ||||
| born | 13 January 1668; | ||||
| died | none | ||||
| none, 1668-1670 | |||||
| Archduke Johann Leopold | Son | ||||
| Heir apparent | 20 February 1670; | ||||
| born and died | none | ||||
| none, 1670-1678 | |||||
| Archduke Joseph | Son | ||||
| Heir apparent | 26 July 1678; | ||||
| born | 5 May 1705; | ||||
| succeeded | none, 1678-1684 | ||||
| Archduke Leopold Joseph | |||||
| 1682-1684, brother | |||||
| none, 1684-1685 | |||||
| Archduke Charles | |||||
| 1685-1700, brother | |||||
| Archduke Leopold Joseph | |||||
| 1700-1701, son | |||||
| Archduke Charles | |||||
| 1701-1705, brother | |||||
| Joseph I | Archduke Charles | Brother | |||
| Heir presumptive | 5 May 1705; | ||||
| brother succeeded | 17 April 1711; | ||||
| succeeded | none | ||||
| Charles III | none, 1711-1713 | ||||
| Archduchess Maria Josepha | Niece | ||||
| Heir presumptive | 19 April 1713; | ||||
| Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 | 13 April 1716; | ||||
| son born to Archduke | Archduchess Maria Amalia | ||||
| sister | |||||
| Archduke Leopold Johann | Son | ||||
| Heir apparent | 13 April 1716; | ||||
| born | 4 November 1716; | ||||
| died | Archduchess Maria Josepha | ||||
| cousin | |||||
| Archduchess Maria Josepha | Niece | ||||
| Heir presumptive | 4 November 1716; | ||||
| cousin died | 13 May 1717; | ||||
| daughter born to Archduke | Archduchess Maria Amalia | ||||
| sister | |||||
| Archduchess Maria Theresa | Daughter | ||||
| Heir presumptive | 13 May 1717; | ||||
| born | 20 October 1740; | ||||
| succeeded | Archduchess Maria Josepha | ||||
| 1717–1718, cousin | |||||
| Archduchess Maria Anna | |||||
| 1718–1737, sister | |||||
| Archduchess Maria Elisabeth | |||||
| 1737–1740, daughter | |||||
| Archduchess Maria Anna | |||||
| 1740, daughter | |||||
| Maria Theresa | |||||
| and Francis I | Archduchess Maria Anna | Daughter | |||
| Heir presumptive | 20 October 1740; | ||||
| mother succeeded | 13 March 1741; | ||||
| son born to Archduchess | Archduchess Maria Carolina | ||||
| 1740–1741, sister | |||||
| Archduchess Maria Anna | |||||
| 1741, aunt | |||||
| Archduke Joseph | Son | ||||
| Heir apparent | 13 March 1741; | ||||
| born | 18 August 1765; | ||||
| succeeded | Archduchess Maria Anna | ||||
| 1741–1745, sister | |||||
| Archduke Charles Joseph | |||||
| 1745–1761, brother | |||||
| Archduke Leopold | |||||
| 1761–1765, brother | |||||
| Maria Theresa | |||||
| and Joseph II | Pietro Leopoldo I of Tuscany | Son and Brother | |||
| Heir presumptive | 18 August 1765; | ||||
| brother succeeded | 20 February 1790; | ||||
| succeeded | Archduke Ferdinand | ||||
| 1765–1768, brother | |||||
| Joseph II | Archduke Francis | ||||
| 1768–1790, son | |||||
| Leopold VII | Archduke Francis | Son | |||
| Heir apparent | 20 February 1790; | ||||
| father succeeded | 1 March 1792; | ||||
| succeeded | Ferdinando III of Tuscany | ||||
| brother | |||||
| Francis II | Ferdinando III of Tuscany | Brother | |||
| Heir presumptive | 1 March 1792; | ||||
| brother succeeded | 19 April 1793; | ||||
| son born to Archduke | Archduke Charles | ||||
| brother | |||||
| Archduke Ferdinand | Son | ||||
| Heir apparent | 19 April 1793; | ||||
| born | 11 August 1804; | ||||
| Archduchy replaced by Empire | Ferdinando III of Tuscany | ||||
| 1793–1799, uncle | |||||
| Archduke Joseph Franz | |||||
| 1799–1804, brother |
Heirs to the Austrian Empire
| Monarch | Heir | Relationship | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to monarch | Became heir | ||||
| (Date; Reason) | Ceased to be heir | ||||
| (Date; Reason) | Next in line of succession | ||||
| Franz I | Crown Prince Ferdinand | Son | 11 August 1804 | ||
| Father proclaimed emperor of Austria | 2 March 1835 | ||||
| Father died, became emperor | Archduke Joseph Franz, 1804–1807, brother | ||||
| Archduke Franz Karl, 1807–1835, brother | |||||
| Ferdinand I | Archduke Franz Karl | Brother | 2 March 1835 | ||
| Brother became emperor | 2 December 1848 | ||||
| Brother abdicated, renounced his own claim to the throne | Archduke Franz Joseph, son | ||||
| Franz Joseph I | Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian | Brother | 2 December 1848 | ||
| Brother became emperor | 21 August 1858 | ||||
| Son born to emperor | Archduke Karl Ludwig, brother | ||||
| Crown Prince Rudolf | Son | 21 August 1858 | |||
| Born | 30 January 1889 | ||||
| Died | Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, 1858–1864, uncle | ||||
| Archduke Karl Ludwig, 1864–1889, uncle | |||||
| Archduke Karl Ludwig | Brother | 30 January 1889 | |||
| Nephew died | 19 May 1896 | ||||
| Died | Archduke Franz Ferdinand, son | ||||
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Nephew | 19 May 1896 | |||
| Father died | 28 June 1914 | ||||
| Assassinated | Archduke Otto Franz Joseph, 1896–1906, brother | ||||
| Archduke Karl, 1906–1914, nephew | |||||
| Archduke Karl | Grandnephew | 28 June 1914 | |||
| Uncle assassinated | 21 November 1916 | ||||
| Granduncle died, became emperor | Archduke Otto, son | ||||
| Karl I | Crown Prince Otto | Son | 21 November 1916 | ||
| Father became emperor | 12 November 1918 | ||||
| Monarchy abolished, after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary | Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este, brother |
Notes
References
References
- Hyde, H. Montgomery. (1946). "Mexican Empire: The History of Maximilian and Carlota of Mexico". Macmillan & Co..
- Haslip, Joan. (1972). "The Crown of Mexico: Maximilian and His Empress Carlota". Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
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