List of heads of state of Iran

Heads of State of Iran

Timeline

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BarData = bar:IsmailI bar:TahmaspI bar:IsmailII bar:Mohammad_Khodabanda bar:AbbasI bar:Safi bar:AbbasII bar:SuleimanI bar:Soltan_Husayn bar:Mahmud_Hotak bar:Ashraf_Hotak bar:TahmaspII bar:AbbasIII bar:Nader bar:Adil bar:Ebrahim bar:Shahrokh bar:SuleimanII bar:IsmailIII bar:Karim bar:Abol-Fath bar:Mohammad_Ali bar:Sadeq bar:Ali-Morad bar:Bagher bar:Jafar bar:Seyd_Morad bar:Lotf_Ali bar:Agha_Mohammad bar:Fath-Ali bar:Mohammad bar:Naser_al-Din bar:Mozaffar_ad-Din bar:Mohammad_Ali_Qajar bar:Ahmad bar:Reza bar:Mohammad_Reza bar:Khomeini bar:Khamenei

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bar:IsmailI from: 1501 till: 1524 color:Safavid text:"Ismail I" bar:TahmaspI from: 1524 till: 1576 color:Safavid text:"Tahmasp I" bar:IsmailII from: 1576 till: 1577 color:Safavid text:"Ismail II" bar:Mohammad_Khodabanda from: 1578 till: 1588 color:Safavid text:"Mohammad Khodabanda" bar:AbbasI from: 1588 till: 1629 color:Safavid text:"Abbas I" bar:Safi from: 1629 till: 1642 color:Safavid text:"Safi" bar:AbbasII from: 1642 till: 1666 color:Safavid text:"Abbas II" bar:SuleimanI from: 1666 till: 1694 color:Safavid text:"Suleiman I" bar:Soltan_Husayn from: 1694 till: 1722 color:Safavid text:"Soltan Husayn" bar:Mahmud_Hotak from: 1722 till: 1725 color:Hotak text:"Mahmud Hotak" bar:Ashraf_Hotak from: 1725 till: 1729 color:Hotak text:"Ashraf Hotak" bar:TahmaspII from: 1722 till: 1732 color:Safavid text:"Tahmasp III" bar:AbbasIII from: 1732 till: 1736 color:Safavid text:"Abbas III" bar:Nader from: 1736 till: 1747 color:Afsharid text:"Nader Shah" bar:Adil from: 1747 till: 1748 color:Afsharid text:"Adil Shah" bar:Ebrahim from: 1748 till: 1749 color:Afsharid text:"Ebrahim Shah" bar:Shahrokh from: 1749 till: 1749 color:Afsharid from: 1755 till: 1796 color:Afsharid text:"Shahrokh Shah" bar:SuleimanII from: 1750 till: 1750 color:Safavid text:"Suleiman II" bar:IsmailIII from: 1750 till: 1773 color:Safavid text:"Ismail III" bar:Karim from: 1773 till: 1779 color:Zand text:"Karim Khan Zand" bar:Abol-Fath from: 1779 till: 1779 color:Zand text:"Abol-Fath Khan Zand" bar:Mohammad_Ali from: 1779 till: 1779 color:Zand text:"Mohammad Ali Khan Zand" bar:Sadeq from: 1779 till: 1781 color:Zand text:"Sadeq Khan Zand" bar:Ali-Morad from: 1781 till: 1785 color:Zand text:"Ali-Morad Khan Zand" bar:Bagher from: 1785 till: 1785 color:Independent text:"Bagher Shah" bar:Jafar from: 1785 till: 1789 color:Zand text:"Jafar Khan" bar:Seyd_Morad from: 1789 till: 1789 color:Zand text:"Seyed Morad Khan" bar:Lotf_Ali from: 1789 till: 1794 color:Zand text:"Lotf Ali Khan" bar:Agha_Mohammad from: 1789 till: 1797 color:Qajar text:"Agha Mohammad Khan" bar:Fath-Ali from: 1797 till: 1834 color:Qajar text:"Fath-Ali Shah" bar:Mohammad from: 1834 till: 1848 color:Qajar text:"Mohammad Shah" bar:Naser_al-Din from: 1848 till: 1896 color:Qajar text:"Naser al-Din Shah" bar:Mozaffar_ad-Din from: 1896 till: 1907 color:Qajar text:"Mozaffar al-Din Shah" bar:Mohammad_Ali_Qajar from: 1907 till: 1909 color:Qajar text:"Mohammad Ali Shah" bar:Ahmad from: 1909 till: 1925 color:Qajar text:"Ahmad Shah" bar:Reza from: 1925 till: 1925 color:Military from: 1925 till: 1941 color:Pahlavi text:"Reza Shah" bar:Mohammad_Reza from: 1941 till: 1979 color:Pahlavi text:"Mohammad Reza Shah" bar:Khomeini from: 1979 till: 1989 color:Independent text:"Ruhollah Khomeini" bar:Khamenei from: 1989 till: $now color:Independent text:"Ali Khamenei"

Notes

References

Bibliography

References

1. {{harvnb. Potts. 2014. Rumlu]] regent (Div Sultan Rumlu); a [[Triumvirate]] including a [[Takkalu (tribe). Takkalu]] (Chuha Soltan Takkalu) and an [[Ustajlu (tribe). Ustajlu]] (Köpek Sultan Ustajlu) chief; a Takkalu (Chuha Sultan) who distributed land widely to members of his own tribe during his four years in office and was ruler of Iran in all but name; and a [[Shamlu (tribe). Shamlu]] (Husayn Khan Shamlu) who held his post for three years before being put to death in 1533 in alleged complicity with the [[Ottoman Empire. Ottoman regime]]."
2. {{harvnb. Mitchell. 2009: "Ṭahmāsp's [[Puppet ruler. puppet status]] continued with his accession to the throne on 23 May 1524, and the self-appointed status of Div Solṭān Rumlu as the Shah's [[Vicegerent]] and [[Safavid Empire. the Empire]]'s [[De facto]] ruler.."
3. {{harvnb. Savory. 1995: "Dīv Solṭān, by virtue of a testamentory disposition of the late Shah, retained the [[List of Safavid commanders-in-chief. office of ''Amīr al-Omarā'']] and was made ''[[Atabeg. Atābeg]]'' (Guardian) of the young prince ''Ṭahmāsb'', who succeeded his father at the age of ten and a half. Dīv Solṭān thus became the [[De facto]] ruler of the state... After a period of negotiation, a [[Triumvirate]] was formed consisting of ''Dīv Solṭān Rūmlū'', ''Čūha Solṭān Takkalū'', and ''Kopek Ostājlū'', but civil war broke out between rival [[qizilbash. Qezelbāš]] factions in 932 AH / 1526 AD. Kopek Solṭān was killed in 933 AH / 1526 or 1527 AD, and Čūha Solṭān succeeded in persuading Shah Ṭahmāsb that Dīv Solṭān was the cause of the discord."
4. {{harvnb. Savory. 2004: "Ḥosayn Khan, however, did not draw the obvious conclusions from the fate of Čuha Sultan, but proceeded to repeat the latter's mistakes, appointing members of the Šāmlu tribe to provincial governorships and fatally underestimating the Shah's new determination to rule [[De facto]] as well as [[De jure]]."
5. {{harvnb. Savory. 1982: "After the deposition of his father by ''Nāder Khan Afšār'' in [[Rabi' al-awwal. Rabīʿ I]] 1145 [[Islamic year. AH]] / August 1732 [[Anno Domini. AD]], the eight-month-old Abbas was invested as ''ʿAbbās III'' on 7 September 1732. Nader Khan, who was the real ruler of the country, dropped his own now obviously inappropriate style of ''[[Tahmasp II. Ṭahmāsp]]-qolī Khan'' and assumed the titles of ''[[Wakil. Vakīl]][[Al-Dawla. -Al-dawla]]'' (Deputy of the state) and ''Nāʾeb-al-salṭana'' ([[Viceroy]])."
6. {{harvnb. Perry. 1991. nominal King]] ''Ismaʿil III'', a position to be hotly disputed for twelve more years but never wrested from him."
7. {{harvnb. Mahbubi Ardakani. 1988: "After the deposition of Mohammad Ali Shah on 16 July 1909, a regent had to be appointed because Ahmad Shah was a [[Minor (law). Minor]]. The choice fell on ʿAżod-al-molk. As a senior dignitary and the [[Tribal chief. chief]] of the [[Qajars (tribe). Qajar tribe]], he enjoyed the respect of the ''[[Persian Constitutional Revolution. constitutionalists]]'' and was in good relationship with the ''[[Ulama. olamā]]''. He served as ''regent'' for one year and three months until his death."
8. {{harvnb. Bakhash. 2015: "Citing the disordered state of affairs in Iran, the divisions in [[National Consultative Assembly. parliament]], the lack of parliamentary unanimity over his own election, he left France for Iran only in December, arriving home two months later. He did not take the [[Oath of office]] until March 1911."
9. (8 July 2012). "جامعه روحانيت مبارز جوان مي‌شود". Fararu.