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List of heads of state of Greece

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This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Greek state, from its establishment during the Greek War of Independence to the present day.

First Hellenic Republic (1822–1832)

Main article: First Hellenic Republic

First Hellenic Republic is a historiographical term used by academics to label the earliest iteration of an independent Greek state. Its formal name in English was the Provisional Administration of Greece; it was established at the beginning of the Greek revolution and later renamed the "Hellenic State". There was no distinction between head of state and head of government.

Provisional Administration of Greece (Presidents of the Executive, 1822–1827)

No.	Head of state	Term of office	Title	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	1	2	3	4	—
[[File:Alexandros Mavrokordatos.png	90px]]	Alexandros Mavrokordatos
Αλέξανδρος Μαυροκορδάτος
(1791–1865)	15 January 1822	26 April 1823		President of the Executive
[[File:Petrobeis.jpg	90px]]	Petros Mavromichalis
Πέτρος Μαυρομιχάλης (Πετρόμπεης)
(1765–1848)	26 April 1823	5 January 1824		President of the Executive
[[File:Georgios Kountouriotis.png	90px]]	Georgios Kountouriotis
Γεώργιος Κουντουριώτης
(1782–1858)	6 January 1824	17 April 1826		President of the Executive
[[File:AνδρέαςΖαΐμης.jpg	90px]]	Andreas Zaimis
Ανδρέας Ζαΐμης
(1791–1840)	18 April 1826	26 March 1827		President of the Government Commission
[[File:SealofGreece1827.png	90px]]	Vice-gubernatorial Committee of 1827	3 April 1827	20 January 1828

Hellenic State (1827–1832)

No.	Governor	Term of office	Political affiliation	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	}};"	1	}};"	2	—
[[File:Kapodistrias2.jpg	90px]]	Ioannis Kapodistrias
Ιωάννης Καποδίστριας
(1776–1831)	18 January 1828	27 September 1831 o.s.
(Assassinated)		Independent
[[File:Augustinos Kapodistrias.jpg	90px]]	Augustinos Kapodistrias
Αυγουστίνος Καποδίστριας
(1778–1857)	27 September 1831	28 March 1832 (o.s.)
(Resigned)		Independent
[[File:Administrative Committee of Greece.tif	90px]]	Administrative Committee of Greece (1832)	28 March 1832	25 January 1833		Independent

Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924)

Main article: Kingdom of Greece

House of Wittelsbach (1832–1862)

Main article: House of Wittelsbach

The London Conference of 1832 was an international conference convened to establish a stable government in Greece. Negotiations between the three Great powers (United Kingdom, France and Russia) resulted in the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece under a Bavarian prince. The decisions were ratified in the Treaty of Constantinople later that year.

The convention offered the throne to Prince Otto of Bavaria. They also established the line of succession which would pass the crown to Otto's descendants, or his younger brothers should he have no issue. It was also decided that in no case there would be a personal union of the crowns of Greece and Bavaria. Otto went on to rule Greece until he was exiled in the 23 October 1862 Revolution.

No.	King	Reign	Claim	Portrait
(Birth–Death)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	1
[[File:Prinz Otto von Bayern Koenig von Griechenland 1833.jpg	90px]]	Otto
Όθων
(1815–1867)	7 May 1832
23 October 1862 (o.s.)
(Deposed)		Ascended to the throne following the 1832 London Conference

House of Glücksburg (1863–1924)

Main article: House of Glücksburg

In October 1862, King Otto was deposed in a popular revolt, but while the Greek people rejected Otto, they did not seem averse to the concept of monarchy per se. Many Greeks, seeking closer ties to the pre-eminent world power, Great Britain, rallied around the idea that Prince Alfred, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, could become the next King. British Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston believed that the Greeks were "panting for increase in territory", hoping that the election of Alfred as King would also result in the incorporation of the Ionian Islands, which were then a British protectorate, into an enlarged Greek state.

The London Conference of 1832, however, had prohibited any of the Great powers' ruling families from accepting the crown of Greece, and in any event, Queen Victoria was adamantly opposed to the idea. Nevertheless, the Greeks insisted on holding a referendum on the issue of the head of state in November 1862. It was the first referendum ever held in Greece.

Prince Alfred turned down the Kingship and Prince William of Denmark, son of Prince Christian of Denmark, was elected by the National Assembly to become King George I of the Hellenes.

No.	King	Reign	Claim	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	2	3	4	—	—	(3)	5
[[File:King George of Hellenes.jpg	90px]]	George I
Γεώργιος A΄
(1845–1913)	30 March 1863	18 March 1913
(Assassinated)		Ascended to the throne following the 19 November 1862 referendum
[[File:Constantine I of Greece (1914).jpg	90px]]	Constantine I
Κωνσταντίνος A΄
(1868–1923)	18 March 1913	11 June 1917
(Abdicated)		Son of George I
[[File:King Alexander of Greece.jpg	90px]]	Alexander
Αλέξανδρος
(1893–1920)	11 June 1917	25 October 1920		Second son of Constantine I
[[File:AlmiranteCoundouritis--inheartofgermani00vaka.jpg	90px]]	Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis
Παύλος Κουντουριώτης
(1855–1935)	28 October 1920	17 November 1920
(Resigned)		Regent
[[File:Queen Olga of Greece.jpg	90px]]	Queen Olga
Βασίλισσα Όλγα
(1851–1926)	17 November 1920	19 December 1920		Regent
Widow of George I
Mother of Constantine I
[[File:Constantine I of Greece (1914).jpg	90px]]	Constantine I
Κωνσταντίνος A΄
(1868–1923)	19 December 1920	27 September 1922
(Abdicated)		Restored to the throne following the 22 November 1920 referendum
[[File:Georgeiiofgreece.jpg	90px]]	George II
Γεώργιος Β΄
(1890–1947)	27 September 1922	25 March 1924
(Deposed)		Eldest son of Constantine I

Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)

Main article: Second Hellenic Republic

The Second Hellenic Republic was a parliamentary republic which was proclaimed on 25 March 1924 and a referendum was held to abolish the Monarchy. The Second Republic was abolished after the 1935 monarchy referendum. The President of the Republic had a symbolic role as head of the state.

;Status

No.	President	Elected	Term of office	Political affiliation	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Military rule}}; color:black;"	1	Military rule}}; color:black;"	2	Military rule}}; color:black;"	(1)	Independent politician}}; color:black;"	3
[[File:AlmiranteCoundouritis--inheartofgermani00vaka.jpg	90px]]	Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis
Παύλος Κουντουριώτης
(1855–1935)	1924	25 March 1924	6 April 1926
(Resigned)		Military
[[File:Major General Theodoros Pangalos, 1920.jpg	90px]]	Lt. General Theodoros Pangalos
Θεόδωρος Πάγκαλος
(1878–1952)	—	6 April 1926	18 April 1926		Military
1926	18 April 1926	22 August 1926
(Deposed)
[[File:AlmiranteCoundouritis--inheartofgermani00vaka.jpg	90px]]	Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis
Παύλος Κουντουριώτης
(1855–1935)	—	22 August 1926	24 August 1926		Military
24 August 1926	10 December 1929
(Resigned)
[[File:Alexandros Zaimis.jpg	90px]]	Alexandros Zaimis
Αλέξανδρος Ζαΐμης
(1855–1936)	—	10 December 1929	14 December 1929		Independent
1929
1933	14 December 1929	10 October 1935
(Deposed)

Kingdom of Greece (1935–1973)

Main article: Kingdom of Greece

House of Glücksburg (1935–1973)

Main article: House of Glücksburg

No.	King	Reign	Claim	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	—	(5)	—	(5)	6	7	—	—
[[File:Georgios Kondylis.jpg	90px]]	Lt. General Georgios Kondylis
Γεώργιος Κονδύλης
(1878–1936)	10 October 1935	25 November 1935		Regent
[[File:Georgeiiofgreece.jpg	90px]]	George II
Γεώργιος Β΄
(1890–1947)	25 November 1935	31 December 1944		Restored to the throne following the 3 November 1935 referendum
[[File:Archbishop Damaskinos of Greece.jpg	90px]]	Archbishop Damaskinos
Αρχιεπίσκοπος Δαμασκηνός
(1891–1949)	31 December 1944	27 September 1946		Regent
(Named regent after the Liberation of Greece, until the conclusion of a referendum on the monarchy)
[[File:Georgeiiofgreece.jpg	90px]]	George II
Γεώργιος Β΄
(1890–1947)	27 September 1946	1 April 1947		Restored to the throne following the 1 September 1946 plebiscite on the monarchy
[[File:Paul I of Greece.jpg	90px]]	Paul
Παύλος
(1901–1964)	1 April 1947	6 March 1964		Third son of Constantine I
Brother of George II
[[File:Constantine II of the Hellenes (Colorised).jpg	90px]]	Constantine II
Κωνσταντίνος Β΄
(1940–2023)	6 March 1964	1 June 1973
(Deposed)		Son of Paul
[[File:Georgios Zoitakis (1971).jpg	90px]]	Lt. General Georgios Zoitakis
Γεώργιος Ζωιτάκης
(1910–1996)	13 December 1967	21 March 1972		Regent
For Constantine II
(Appointed by the Greek junta following the failed royal counter-coup of 13 December 1967 and the King's flight to Italy)
[[File:1967 Press Photo George Papadopoulos, leader in Greece's new government (cropped).png	90px]]	Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos
Γεώργιος Παπαδόπουλος
(1919–1999)	21 March 1972	31 May 1973		Regent
For Constantine II
(Strongman of the Greek junta, declared himself regent)

Republic under the Greek junta (1973–1974)

Main article: Greek junta

On 1 June 1973 the junta abolished the monarchy and replaced it with a presidential republic. The abolition of the monarchy was approved by a rigged referendum held on 29 July 1973.

No.	President	Term of office	Political affiliation	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Military rule}}; color:black;"	1	Military rule}}; color:black;"	2
[[File:1967 Press Photo George Papadopoulos, leader in Greece's new government (cropped).png	90px]]	Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos
Γεώργιος Παπαδόπουλος
(1919–1999)	1 June 1973	25 November 1973
(Deposed)		Military
[[File:1973 Press Photo New Greek President Lt. Gen. Phaedon Gizikis shown in Athens.png	90px]]	General Phaedon Gizikis
Φαίδων Γκιζίκης
(1917–1999)	25 November 1973	24 July 1974		Military

Third Hellenic Republic (1974–present)

Main article: Third Hellenic Republic, Metapolitefsi

On 24 July 1974, the junta was overthrown and democracy restored. A second referendum, held on 8 December 1974, confirmed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the current parliamentary republic, with the President of the Republic in a symbolic role as head of the state.

;Status

No.	President	Elected	Term of office	Political affiliation	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Military rule}}; color:black;"	—	New Democracy (Greece)}}; color:white;"	1	New Democracy (Greece)}}; color:white;"	2	New Democracy (Greece)}}; color:white;"	3	PASOK}}; color:white;"	—	Independent politician}}; color:black;"	4	New Democracy (Greece)}}; color:white;"	(3)	Independent politician}}; color:black;"	5	PASOK}}; color:white;"	6	New Democracy (Greece)}}; color:white;"	7	Independent politician}}; color:black;"	8	New Democracy (Greece)}}; color:white;"	9
[[File:1973 Press Photo New Greek President Lt. Gen. Phaedon Gizikis shown in Athens.png	90px]]	General Phaedon Gizikis
Φαίδων Γκιζίκης
(1917–1999)	—
(Remained in office pro tempore)	24 July 1974	18 December 1974		Military
[[File:1974 Press Photo Michael Stasinopoulos sworn in at President of Greek Republic (cropped).png	90px]]	Michail Stasinopoulos
Μιχαήλ Στασινόπουλος
(1903–2002)	1974
(Interim)	18 December 1974	19 July 1975		New Democracy
[[File:Portrait of Greek President Konstantinos Tsatsos circa 1978.jpg	90px]]	Konstantinos Tsatsos
Κωνσταντίνος Τσάτσος
(1899–1987)	1975	19 July 1975	10 May 1980		New Democracy
[[File:Bezoek premier Karamanlis van Griekenland Van Agt in gesprek met Karamanlis, Bestanddeelnr 929-6548 (cropped).jpg	90px]]	Konstantinos Karamanlis
Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής
(1907–1998)	1980	10 May 1980	10 March 1985
(Resigned)		New Democracy
[[File:President Ioannis Alevras.jpg	90px]]	Ioannis Alevras
Ιωάννης Αλευράς
(1912–1995)	—
(Acting)	10 March 1985	30 March 1985		PASOK
[[File:Christos Sartzetakis (1989) cropped.jpg	90px]]	Christos Sartzetakis
Χρήστος Σαρτζετάκης
(1929–2022)	1985	30 March 1985	5 May 1990		Independent
[[File:Bezoek premier Karamanlis van Griekenland Van Agt in gesprek met Karamanlis, Bestanddeelnr 929-6548 (cropped).jpg	90px]]	Konstantinos Karamanlis
Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής
(1907–1998)	1990	5 May 1990	10 March 1995		New Democracy
[[File:Konstantinos Stefanopoulos 2000.jpg	90px]]	Konstantinos Stephanopoulos
Κωνσταντίνος Στεφανόπουλος
(1926–2016)	1995
2000	10 March 1995	12 March 2005		Independent
[[File:Karolos Papoulias.jpg	90px]]	Karolos Papoulias
Κάρολος Παπούλιας
(1929–2021)	2005
2010	12 March 2005	13 March 2015		PASOK
[[File:Prokopis Pavlopoulos in March 2016.jpg	90px]]	Prokopis Pavlopoulos
Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος
(born 1950)	2014–15	13 March 2015	13 March 2020	years	New Democracy
[[File:Katerina Sakellaropoulou (head shot).jpg	90px]]	Katerina Sakellaropoulou
Κατερίνα Σακελλαροπούλου
(born 1956)	2020	13 March 2020	13 March 2025	years	Independent
[[File:KonstantinosTasoulas (cropped).jpg	90px]]	Konstantinos Tasoulas
Κωνσταντίνος Τασούλας
(born 1959)	2025	13 March 2025	Incumbent		New Democracy

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1050 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:110 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late

Define $today =

Colors = id:Independent value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:Monarch value:gray(0.4) legend:King_of_Greece id:Military value:rgb(0.765, 0.69, 0.569) legend:Armed_Forces id:ND value:rgb(0.106,0.361,0.780) legend:New_Democracy_(ND) id:PASOK value:rgb(0.176,0.565,0.176) legend:Panhellenic_Socialist_Movement_(PASOK)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1822 till:31/12/ TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1822 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:2 start:1822

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:75 columnwidth:75

TextData = pos:(25,80) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:"

BarData = bar:Mavrokordatos bar:Mavromichalis bar:GKountouriotis bar:Zaimis bar:VGC bar:IKapodistrias bar:AKapodistrias bar:ACG bar:Otto bar:GeorgeI bar:ConstantineI bar:Alexander bar:PKountouriotis bar:Olga bar:GeorgeII bar:Pangalos bar:AZaimis bar:Kondylis bar:Damaskinos bar:Paul bar:ConstantineII bar:Zoitakis bar:Papadopoulos bar:Gizikis bar:Stasinopoulos bar:Tsatsos bar:Karamanlis bar:Alevras bar:Sartzetakis bar:Stephanopoulos bar:Papoulias bar:Pavlopoulos bar:Sakellaropoulou bar:Tasoulas

PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:Mavrokordatos from: 15/01/1822 till: 26/04/1823 color:Independent text:"Alexandros Mavrokordatos" bar:Mavromichalis from: 26/04/1823 till: 05/01/1824 color:Independent text:"Petros Mavromichalis" bar:GKountouriotis from: 06/01/1824 till: 17/04/1826 color:Independent text:"Georgios Kountouriotis" bar:Zaimis from: 18/04/1826 till: 26/03/1827 color:Independent text:"Andreas Zaimis" bar:VGC from: 03/04/1827 till: 20/01/1828 color:Independent text:"Vice-gubernatorial Committee" bar:IKapodistrias from: 18/01/1828 till: 27/09/1831 color:Independent text:"Ioannis Kapodistrias" bar:AKapodistrias from: 27/09/1831 till: 28/03/1832 color:Independent text:"Augustinos Kapodistrias" bar:ACG from: 28/03/1832 till: 25/01/1833 color:Independent text:"Administrative Committee" bar:Otto from: 07/05/1832 till: 23/10/1862 color:Monarch text:"Otto I" bar:GeorgeI from: 30/03/1863 till: 18/03/1913 color:Monarch text:"George I" bar:ConstantineI from: 18/03/1913 till: 11/06/1917 color:Monarch from: 19/12/1920 till: 27/09/1922 color:Monarch text:"Constantine I" bar:Alexander from: 11/06/1917 till: 25/10/1920 color:Monarch text:"Alexander I" bar:PKountouriotis from: 28/10/1920 till: 17/11/1920 color:Military from: 25/03/1924 till: 06/04/1926 color:Military from: 22/08/1926 till: 10/12/1929 color:Military text:"Pavlos Kountouriotis" bar:Olga from: 17/11/1920 till: 19/12/1920 color:Monarch text:"Queen Olga (regent)" bar:GeorgeII from: 27/09/1922 till: 25/03/1924 color:Monarch from: 25/11/1935 till: 31/12/1944 color:Monarch from: 27/09/1946 till: 01/04/1947 color:Monarch text:"George II" bar:Pangalos from: 06/04/1926 till: 22/08/1926 color:Military text:"Theodoros Pangalos" bar:AZaimis from: 10/12/1929 till: 10/10/1935 color:Independent text:"Alexandros Zaimis" bar:Kondylis from: 10/10/1935 till: 25/11/1935 color:Military text:"Georgios Kondylis" bar:Damaskinos from: 31/12/1944 till: 27/09/1946 color:Independent text:"Archbishop Damaskinos" bar:Paul from: 01/04/1947 till: 06/03/1964 color:Monarch text:"Paul I" bar:ConstantineII from: 06/03/1964 till: 01/06/1973 color:Monarch text:"Constantine II" bar:Zoitakis from: 13/12/1967 till: 21/03/1972 color:Military text:"Georgios Zoitakis (regent)" bar:Papadopoulos from: 21/03/1972 till: 25/11/1973 color:Military text:"Georgios Papadopoulos" bar:Gizikis from: 25/11/1973 till: 18/12/1974 color:Military text:"Phaedon Gizikis" bar:Stasinopoulos from: 18/12/1974 till: 19/07/1975 color:ND text:"Michail Stasinopoulos" bar:Tsatsos from: 19/07/1975 till: 10/05/1980 color:ND text:"Konstantinos Tsatsos" bar:Karamanlis from: 10/05/1980 till: 10/03/1985 color:ND from: 05/05/1990 till: 10/03/1995 color:ND text:"Konstantinos Karamanlis" bar:Alevras from: 10/05/1985 till: 30/05/1985 color:PASOK text:"Ioannis Alevras (acting)" bar:Sartzetakis from: 30/05/1985 till: 05/05/1990 color:Independent text:"Christos Sartzetakis" bar:Stephanopoulos from: 10/03/1995 till: 12/03/2005 color:Independent text:"Konstantinos Stephanopoulos" bar:Papoulias from: 12/03/2005 till: 13/03/2015 color:PASOK text:"Karolos Papoulias" bar:Pavlopoulos from: 13/03/2015 till: 13/03/2020 color:ND text:"Prokopis Pavlopoulos" bar:Sakellaropoulou from: 13/03/2020 till: 13/03/2025 color:Independent text:"Katerina Sakellaropoulou" bar:Tasoulas from: 13/03/2025 till: $today color:ND text:"Konstantinos Tasoulas"

Head of state titles

State	Years	Title
First Hellenic Republic	1827–1832	Governor
Kingdom of Greece
(Under Wittelsbach dynasty)	1832–1862	King of Greece
Kingdom of Greece
(Under Glücksburg dynasty)	1863–1924	King of the Hellenes
Second Hellenic Republic	1924	Governor
1924–1935	President of the Republic
Kingdom of Greece
(Restored Glücksburg dynasty)	1935–1973	King of the Hellenes
Hellenic Republic
(Military Junta)	1973–1974	President of the Republic
Third Hellenic Republic	1974–present

References

There weren't any formal political parties then. According to Greek historian Grigorios Dafnis : "...it is not possible to talk about parties during the revolutionary period" («Υπό αυτούς τους όρους δεν είναι δυνατό να ομιλούμε περί κομμάτων κατά την περίοδο της επανάστασης και μέχρι της 3ης Σεπτεμβρίου 1843»). «Τα Ελληνικά Πολιτικά Κόμματα 1821–1961» Εκδ. Κάκτος, σελ. 190 {{small. (2020) Grigorios Dafnis: "Greek political parties 1821–1961", Athens:Kaktos, p.190
[[London Conference of 1832. Protocol signed in 22 April 1832]] but landed in Greece on 6 February 1833.
"[1821-1833]".

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