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List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence
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Summary
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Protocol holds that a head of state takes precedence over all other officials, and that heads of state rank in the order that they took office. The following list contains the heads of state for all United Nations member states and non-member observer states.
Commonwealth realms, other than the United Kingdom, each have a local governor-general appointed to represent the monarch in the realm's government. Governors-general are frequently accorded the status and privileges of a head of state at diplomatic events when considered as representing their absentee monarch, but not as heads of state themselves. The co-princes of Andorra each have a representative as well. Hereditary Prince Alois is permanent representative for exercising the sovereign powers due to Liechtenstein Prince Hans-Adam II. They are included in the list and are highlighted in blue.
However, in many cases it is not this neutral principle but national rules of protocol that are acted upon, usually by an international event's host nation, as in many bilateral and even certain multilateral occasions. Various international organisations have a system for internal use. Even in the presence of one or more heads of state, certain occasions are governed by specific protocol, e.g. military. Thus in many cases precedence is given to monarchs over republican heads of state, mostly in monarchies; in some nations, the Pope (himself a monarchical head of state) ranks above secular heads of state, especially in Roman Catholic countries.
States recognised by the United Nations
Current
| Title | Name | Assumed office | Country | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King | Carl XVI Gustaf | 15 September 1973 | Sweden | ||
| PresidentTeodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo was titled President of the Supreme Military Council until 25 August 1979. | Teodoro Obiang Nguema MbasogoTeodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is the nephew of the previous president, Francisco Macías Nguema. | 3 August 1979 | Equatorial Guinea | ||
| President | Paul BiyaPaul Biya was previously Prime Minister of Cameroon from 30 June 19756 November 1982. | 6 November 1982 | Cameroon | ||
| Sultan | Hassanal Bolkiah | 1 January 1984Hassanal Bolkiah has been Sultan of Brunei since 5 October 1967, but Brunei was a protectorate of the United Kingdom until 1 January 1984. | Brunei | ||
| PresidentYoweri Museveni was titled Chairman of the National Resistance Council until 29 January 1986. | Yoweri Museveni | 26 January 1986 | Uganda | ||
| King | Mswati III | 25 April 1986 | EswatiniThe country was the Kingdom of Swaziland before 2018. | ||
| Queen Mother | Ntfombi | 10 August 1983 | |||
| Supreme Leader | Ayatollah Ali KhameneiAli Khamenei was previously President of Iran from 2 October 19814 June 1989. | 4 June 1989 | IranIn Iran, the Supreme Leader is the head of state and the President is the head of government. | ||
| Reigning Prince | Hereditary Prince Alois]] has been Regent for Hans-Adam II since 15 August 2004. | 13 November 1989 | Liechtenstein | ||
| King | Harald VHarald V was previously Prince-Regent from 1 June 199017 January 1991.Haakon was Prince-Regent from 25 November 200313 April 2004 and from 29 March 20057 June 2005. | 17 January 1991 | Norway | ||
| President | Emomali Rahmon | 20 November 1992 | Tajikistan | ||
| President | Isaias Afwerki | 24 May 1993Isaias Afwerki has been the leader of Eritrea (initially titled Secretary-general of the Provisional Government) from 29 May 1991, but the country only became independent on 24 May 1993. | Eritrea | ||
| President | Alexander Lukashenko | 20 July 1994 | Belarus | ||
| King | Letsie IIILetsie III was previously King of Lesotho from 12 November 199025 January 1995. | 7 February 1996 | Lesotho | ||
| President | Denis Sassou NguessoDenis Sassou Nguesso was previously President of the People's Republic of the Congo (as the country was named then) from 8 February 197931 August 1992. | 25 October 1997 | Republic of the Congo | ||
| King | Abdullah II | 7 February 1999 | Jordan | ||
| KingThe monarch was titled Emir until 14 February 2002. | Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | 6 March 1999 | BahrainThe country was the State of Bahrain before 2002. | ||
| President | Ismaïl Omar GuellehIsmaïl Omar Guelleh is the nephew of the previous president, Hassan Gouled Aptidon. | 8 May 1999 | Djibouti | ||
| King | Mohammed VI | 23 July 1999 | Morocco | ||
| President | Paul Kagame | 24 March 2000Paul Kagame was Acting President of Rwanda until 22 April 2000. | Rwanda | ||
| President | Ilham AliyevIlham Aliyev was previously Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 4 August 20034 November 2003.Ilham Aliyev is the son of the previous president, Heydar Aliyev. | 31 October 2003 | Azerbaijan | ||
| Prince Regent | Hereditary Prince Alois | 15 August 2004 | Liechtenstein | ||
| King | Norodom Sihamoni | 14 October 2004 | Cambodia | ||
| President | Mahmoud Abbas | 15 January 2005 | Palestine | ||
| Sovereign Prince | Albert IIAlbert II was previously Regent from 31 March 20056 April 2005. | 6 April 2005 | Monaco | ||
| King | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | 9 December 2006 | Bhutan | ||
| Co-President | Daniel OrtegaDaniel Ortega was previously President of Nicaragua from 10 January 198525 April 1990 and then from 10 January 200718 February 2025.Co-Presidents of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo are married. | 10 January 2007 | Nicaragua | ||
| (Governor-General) | Sir Patrick Allen | 26 February 2009 | Jamaica | ||
| President | Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire]] from 7 November 19909 December 1993. | 4 December 2010 | Ivory Coast | ||
| President | Salva Kiir Mayardit | 9 July 2011 | South Sudan | ||
| King | Tupou VITupou VI – then titled Prince 'Ulukalala Lavaka Ata – was previously Prime Minister of Tonga from 3 January 200011 February 2006. | 18 March 2012 | Tonga | ||
| President | Vladimir PutinVladimir Putin was previously President of Russia from 31 December 19997 May 2008, and Prime Minister of Russia from 9 August 19997 May 2000 and from 8 May 20087 May 2012. | 7 May 2012 | Russia | ||
| President | Xi Jinping | 14 March 2013 | ChinaChinese President is a ceremonial figurehead, while General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party holds the highest authority of Paramount leader. The presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary since 1993. | ||
| King | Willem-Alexander | 30 April 2013 | Kingdom of the Netherlands | ||
| (Governor-General) | Dame Cécile La Grenade | 7 May 2013 | Grenada | ||
| Emir | Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani | 25 June 2013 | Qatar | ||
| King | Philippe | 21 July 2013 | Belgium | ||
| President | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | 8 June 2014 | Egypt | ||
| King | Felipe VI | 19 June 2014 | Spain | ||
| (Governor-General) | Sir Rodney Williams | 14 August 2014 | Antigua and Barbuda | ||
| President | Recep Tayyip ErdoğanRecep Tayyip Erdoğan was previously Prime Minister of Turkey from 14 March 200328 August 2014. | 28 August 2014 | Turkey | ||
| King | Salman | 23 January 2015 | Saudi Arabia | ||
| President | Sergio Mattarella | 3 February 2015 | Italy | ||
| Federal Councillor | Guy Parmelin | 1 January 2016 | Switzerland | ||
| President | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa | 9 March 2016 | Portugal | ||
| President | Taneti Maamau | 11 March 2016 | Kiribati | ||
| President | Prime Minister of the Central African Republic]] from 22 January 200817 January 2013. | 30 March 2016 | Central African Republic | ||
| President | Patrice Talon | 6 April 2016 | Benin | ||
| President | Azali AssoumaniAzali Assoumani was previously President of the Comoros from 26 May 200126 May 2006. | 26 May 2016 | Comoros | ||
| President | Shavkat MirziyoyevShavkat Mirziyoyev was Interim President until 14 December 2016 and was previously Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 12 December 200314 December 2016. | 8 September 2016 | Uzbekistan | ||
| King | Maha Vajiralongkorn | 13 October 2016 | ThailandPrem Tinsulanonda was Regent of Thailand from 13 October 20161 December 2016. | ||
| President | Adama Barrow | 19 January 2017 | The Gambia | ||
| Federal President | Alexander Van der Bellen | 26 January 2017 | Austria | ||
| (Governor-General) | Sir Bob Dadae | 28 February 2017 | Papua New Guinea | ||
| Federal President | Frank-Walter Steinmeier | 19 March 2017 | Germany | ||
| President | Emmanuel Macron | 14 May 2017 | France | ||
| Co-Prince | Andorra | ||||
| President | Aleksandar VučićAleksandar Vučić was previously Prime Minister of Serbia from 27 April 201430 May 2017. | 31 May 2017 | Serbia | ||
| O le Ao o le Malo | Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II | 21 July 2017 | Samoa | ||
| President | João Lourenço | 26 September 2017 | AngolaThe country was the People's Republic of Angola before 1992. | ||
| Federal Councillor | Ignazio Cassis | 1 November 2017 | Switzerland | ||
| President | Emmerson Mnangagwa | 24 November 2017 | Zimbabwe | ||
| President | Cyril Ramaphosa | 15 February 2018 | South Africa | ||
| President | Julius Maada BioJulis Maada Bio was previously Head of State of Sierra Leone (as Leader of the Supreme Council of State) from 16 January 199629 March 1996. | 4 April 2018 | Sierra Leone | ||
| President of the Council of State | Miguel Díaz-Canel | 19 April 2018 | Cuba | ||
| Presidency Member | Željko Komšić | 20 November 2018 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||
| President | Salome ZourabichviliThe office of Head of State of Georgia has been disputed between Salome Zourabichvili and Mikheil Kavelashvili, since 29 December 2024. | 16 December 2018 | Georgia | ||
| Federal Councillor | Karin Keller-Sutter | 1 January 2019 | Switzerland | ||
| President | Félix TshisekediFélix Tshisekedi is the son of former Prime Minister Étienne Tshisekedi. | 24 January 2019 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | ||
| President | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev | 20 March 2019 | Kazakhstan | ||
| President of the State Affairs Commission | Kim Jong-un | 11 April 2019Though Kim has held this office since 2016, the President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly was the head of state until the 14th State Affairs Commission was formed. | North Korea | ||
| Emperor | Naruhito | 1 May 2019 | Japan | ||
| President | Volodymyr Zelenskyy | 20 May 2019 | Ukraine | ||
| President | Nayib Bukele | 1 June 2019 | El Salvador | ||
| President | Gitanas Nausėda | 12 July 2019 | Lithuania | ||
| President | Mohamed Ould Ghazouani | 1 August 2019 | Mauritania | ||
| President | Kaïs Saïed | 23 October 2019 | Tunisia | ||
| President | Abdelmadjid TebbouneAbdelmadjid Tebboune was previously Prime Minister of Algeria from 25 May 201715 August 2017. | 19 December 2019 | Algeria | ||
| Sultan | Haitham bin TariqHaitham bin Tariq is the cousin of the former Sultan Qaboos bin Said. | 11 January 2020 | Oman | ||
| President | Zoran MilanovićZoran Milanović was previously Prime Minister of Croatia from 23 December 201122 January 2016. | 18 February 2020 | Croatia | ||
| President | Évariste Ndayishimiye | 18 June 2020 | Burundi | ||
| President | Irfaan Ali | 2 August 2020 | Guyana | ||
| President | Luis Abinader | 16 August 2020 | Dominican Republic | ||
| President | Maia Sandu | 24 December 2020 | Moldova | ||
| President | Surangel Whipps Jr. | 21 January 2021 | Palau | ||
| President | Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan]] from 6 October 202010 October 2020, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 10 October 202021 January 2021; and Acting President of Kyrgyzstan from 15 October 202014 November 2020. Japarov took a leave of absence from the office of Prime Minister from 14 November 202011 January 2021 to compete in the 2021 Kyrgyz presidential election; Artem Novikov acted for Japarov. | 28 January 2021 | Kyrgyzstan | ||
| Chairman of the Presidential Council | Mohamed al-Menfi | 15 March 2021 | Libya | ||
| President | Samia Suluhu | 17 March 2021 | Tanzania | ||
| President | Thongloun SisoulithThongloun Sisoulith was previously Prime Minister of Laos from 20 April 201622 March 2021 and is the General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party since 15 January 2021. | 22 March 2021 | Laos | ||
| PresidentAs President of the Transitional Military Council until 10 October 2022, and thereafter as Transitional President until 10 May 2024. | Mahamat Déby ItnoMahamat Déby is the son of the previous President, Idriss Déby. | 20 April 2021 | Chad | ||
| De facto President: 24 May 202128 May 2021 | |||||
| President: 8 July 2025presentAssimi Goïta was Head of State of Mali (as Chairman of the National Committee for the Salvation of the People of Mali) from 19 August 202027 August 2020 and Acting Head of State of Mali from 27 August 202025 September 2020. | Assimi Goïta | 24 May 2021 | Mali | ||
| (Governor-General) | Froyla Tzalam | 27 May 2021 | Belize | ||
| President | Ukhnaagiin KhürelsükhUkhnaagiin Khürelsükh was previously Prime Minister of Mongolia from 4 October 201727 January 2021. | 25 June 2021 | Mongolia | ||
| President | Isaac HerzogIsaac Herzog is the son of President Chaim Herzog. | 7 July 2021 | Israel | ||
| (Governor General) | Mary Simon | 26 July 2021 | Canada | ||
| Supreme Leader (unrecognized) | Hibatullah Akhundzada | 15 August 2021 | Afghanistan | ||
| President | Hakainde Hichilema | 24 August 2021 | Zambia | ||
| PresidentMamady Doumbouya was Head of State of Guinea (as Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development of Guinea) from 5 September 20211 October 2021 and Interim President from 1 October 202117 January 2026. | Mamady Doumbouya | 5 September 2021 | Guinea | ||
| (Governor-General) | Tofiga Vaevalu Falani | 28 September 2021 | Tuvalu | ||
| President | Carlos Vila Nova | 2 October 2021 | São Tomé and Príncipe | ||
| President | Alar Karis | 11 October 2021 | Estonia | ||
| (Governor-General) | Dame Cindy Kiro | 21 October 2021 | New Zealand | ||
| President | Prime Minister of Cape Verde]] from 1 February 200122 April 2016. | 9 November 2021 | Cape Verde | ||
| (Governor-General) | Errol CharlesErrol Charles was Acting Governor-General until 1 November 2024. | 11 November 2021 | Saint Lucia | ||
| Presidency | Transitional Sovereignty Council | 11 November 2021 | Sudan | ||
| President | Gabriel Boric | 11 March 2022 | Chile | ||
| President | Vahagn Khachaturyan | 13 March 2022 | Armenia | ||
| President | Serdar Berdimuhamedow | 19 March 2022 | Turkmenistan | ||
| Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council | Rashad al-Alimi | 7 April 2022 | Yemen | ||
| President | Rodrigo Chaves Robles | 8 May 2022 | Costa Rica | ||
| President | Mohammed bin Zayed Al NahyanMohamed bin Zayed is the brother of the previous President, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. | 14 May 2022 | United Arab Emirates | ||
| President | Acting Prime Minister of Timor-Leste]] from 26 June 200610 July 2006, Prime Minister of Timor-Leste from 10 July 200619 May 2007, and President of Timor-Leste from 20 May 200711 February 2008 and from 17 April 200820 May 2012. | 20 May 2022 | Timor-Leste | ||
| President | Hassan Sheikh MohamudHassan Sheikh Mohamud was previously President of Somalia from 16 September 201216 February 2017. | 23 May 2022 | Somalia | ||
| President | Prime Minister]] Ferdinand Marcos. | 30 June 2022 | Philippines | ||
| President | Nikenike Vurobaravu | 23 July 2022 | Vanuatu | ||
| President | Bajram Begaj | 24 July 2022 | Albania | ||
| President | Droupadi Murmu | 25 July 2022 | India | ||
| President | Gustavo Petro | 7 August 2022 | Colombia | ||
| King | Charles III | 8 September 2022 | Antigua and Barbuda | ||
| King | Australia | ||||
| King | The Bahamas | ||||
| King | Belize | ||||
| King | Canada | ||||
| King | Grenada | ||||
| King | Jamaica | ||||
| King | New Zealand | ||||
| King | Papua New Guinea | ||||
| King | Saint Kitts and Nevis | ||||
| King | Saint Lucia | ||||
| King | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | ||||
| King | Solomon Islands | ||||
| King | Tuvalu | ||||
| King | United Kingdom | ||||
| President | William Ruto | 13 September 2022 | Kenya | ||
| Interim PresidentAs President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration until 6 October 2022. | Ibrahim Traoré | 30 September 2022 | Burkina Faso | ||
| President | Abdul Latif Rashid | 17 October 2022 | Iraq | ||
| Presidency | 16 November 2022 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||
| President | Nataša Pirc Musar | 23 December 2022 | Slovenia | ||
| President | Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva was previously President of Brazil from 1 January 200331 December 2010. | 1 January 2023 | Brazil | ||
| Federal Councillor | 1 January 2023 | Switzerland | |||
| (Governor-General) | Marcella Liburd | 1 February 2023 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | ||
| President | Nikos Christodoulides | 28 February 2023 | Cyprus | ||
| President | Petr Pavel | 9 March 2023 | Czech Republic | ||
| President | Ram Chandra Poudel | 13 March 2023 | Nepal | ||
| President | Christine Kangaloo | 20 March 2023 | Trinidad and Tobago | ||
| President | Mohammed Shahabuddin | 24 April 2023 | Bangladesh | ||
| President | Wesley Simina | 11 May 2023 | Micronesia | ||
| President | Jakov Milatović | 20 May 2023 | Montenegro | ||
| President | Bola Tinubu | 29 May 2023 | Nigeria | ||
| President | Edgars Rinkēvičs | 8 July 2023 | Latvia | ||
| Transitional PresidentAs President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland until 26 March 2025. | Abdourahamane Tchiani | 26 July 2023 | Niger | ||
| President | Santiago Peña | 15 August 2023 | Paraguay | ||
| PresidentAs Chairman of the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions from 30 August 2023 until 2 May 2025 and as Transitional President de facto from 30 August 2023 and de jure from 4 September 2023 until 3 May 2025. | Brice Oligui Nguema | 30 August 2023 | Gabon | ||
| (Governor General) | Cynthia A. Pratt | 1 September 2023 | The Bahamas | ||
| President | Tharman Shanmugaratnam | 14 September 2023 | Singapore | ||
| President | Sylvanie Burton | 2 October 2023 | Dominica | ||
| President | David Adeang | 30 October 2023 | Nauru | ||
| President | Mohamed Muizzu | 17 November 2023 | Maldives | ||
| President | Daniel Noboa | 23 November 2023 | Ecuador | ||
| (Personal Representative of the Episcopal Co-Prince) | Eduard Ibáñez | 28 November 2023 | Andorra | ||
| President | Javier Milei | 10 December 2023 | Argentina | ||
| Emir | Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | 16 December 2023 | Kuwait | ||
| Federal Councillor | Beat Jans | 1 January 2024 | Switzerland | ||
| President | Hilda HeineHilda Heine was previously President of the Marshall Islands from 28 January 201613 January 2020. | 3 January 2024 | Marshall Islands | ||
| King | Frederik X | 14 January 2024 | Denmark | ||
| President | Bernardo Arévalo | 15 January 2024 | Guatemala | ||
| President | Joseph Boakai | 22 January 2024 | Liberia | ||
| King | Ibrahim Iskandar | 31 January 2024 | Malaysia | ||
| President | Alexander Stubb | 1 March 2024 | Finland | ||
| President | Tamás Sulyok | 5 March 2024 | Hungary | ||
| President | Asif Ali ZardariAsif Ali Zardari was previously President of Pakistan from 9 September 20089 September 2013. | 10 March 2024 | Pakistan | ||
| President | Bassirou Diomaye Faye | 2 April 2024 | Senegal | ||
| President | Myriam Spiteri Debono | 4 April 2024 | Malta | ||
| President | Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova | 12 May 2024 | North Macedonia | ||
| President | Peter PellegriniPeter Pellegrini was previously Prime Minister of Slovakia from 22 March 201821 March 2020. | 15 June 2024 | Slovakia | ||
| (Governor-General) | Sam Mostyn | 1 July 2024 | Australia | ||
| President | José Raúl Mulino | 1 July 2024 | Panama | ||
| (Governor-General) | David Tiva Kapu | 7 July 2024 | Solomon Islands | ||
| Acting PresidentMin Aung Hlaing is Acting President of Myanmar due to his chairmanship of the National Defence and Security Council. | Min Aung Hlaing | 22 July 2024 | Myanmar | ||
| President | Masoud Pezeshkian | 28 July 2024 | Iran | ||
| President | Halla Tómasdóttir | 1 August 2024 | Iceland | ||
| President | Anura Kumara Dissanayake | 23 September 2024 | Sri Lanka | ||
| President | Claudia Sheinbaum | 1 October 2024 | Mexico | ||
| President | Taye Atske Selassie | 7 October 2024 | Ethiopia | ||
| President | Prabowo Subianto | 20 October 2024 | Indonesia | ||
| President | Lương Cường | 21 October 2024 | Vietnam | ||
| President | Duma Boko | 1 November 2024 | Botswana | ||
| President | Naiqama Lalabalavu | 12 November 2024 | Fiji | ||
| (Personal Representative of the French Co-Prince) | Patrice Faure | 20 November 2024 | Andorra | ||
| President | Dharam Gokhool | 6 December 2024 | Mauritius | ||
| PresidentAhmed al-Sharaa was Head of State of Syria (as De facto Leader of Syria) from 8 December 202429 January 2025 and then President of Syria since 29 January 2025. | Ahmed al-Sharaa | 8 December 2024 | Syria | ||
| President | Mikheil KavelashviliThe office of Head of State of Georgia has been disputed between Mikheil Kavelashvili and Salome Zourabichvili, since 29 December 2024. | 29 December 2024 | Georgia | ||
| President | John MahamaJohn Mahama was previously President of Ghana from 24 July 20127 January 2017. | 7 January 2025 | Ghana | ||
| President | Joseph Aoun | 9 January 2025 | Lebanon | ||
| President | Daniel Chapo | 15 January 2025 | Mozambique | ||
| President | Donald TrumpDonald Trump was previously President of the United States from 20 January 201720 January 2021. | 20 January 2025 | United States | ||
| Co-President | Rosario MurilloCo-Presidents of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo are married. | 18 February 2025 | Nicaragua | ||
| President | Yamandú Orsi | 1 March 2025 | Uruguay | ||
| President | Konstantinos Tasoulas | 13 March 2025 | Greece | ||
| President | Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah | 21 March 2025 | Namibia | ||
| Federal Councillor | Martin Pfister | 1 April 2025 | Switzerland | ||
| President | Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové | 3 May 2025 | Togo | ||
| Pope | Leo XIV | 8 May 2025 | Holy SeeIt is the Holy See and not the Vatican City state that maintains diplomatic relations with states and participates in international organisations. The Holy See and the Vatican City state are two separate and distinct entities. Foreign embassies are accredited to the Holy See, not to the Vatican City state, and it is the Holy See that establishes treaties and concordats with other sovereign entities. Also it is the Holy See that has United Nations Observer status not the Vatican City state. | ||
| President | Nicușor Dan | 26 May 2025 | Romania | ||
| Co-Prince | Bishop Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat | 31 May 2025 | Andorra | ||
| President | Lee Jae-myung | 4 June 2025 | South Korea | ||
| (Chairman of the Presidency) | Željko KomšićŽeljko Komšić was previously Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 16 July 202316 March 2024. | 16 July 2025 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||
| President | Jennifer Geerlings-Simons | 16 July 2025 | Suriname | ||
| President | Karol Nawrocki | 6 August 2025 | Poland | ||
| President of the Transitional Presidential Council | Laurent Saint-Cyr | 7 August 2025 | Haiti | ||
| Captains Regent | Matteo Rossi | 1 October 2025 | San Marino | ||
| Lorenzo Bugli | |||||
| Grand Duke | Guillaume VGuillaume V was previously Regent from 7 October 20243 October 2025. | 3 October 2025 | Luxembourg | ||
| President | Peter MutharikaPeter Mutharika was previously President of Malawi from 31 May 201428 June 2020.Peter Mutharika is the brother of President Bingu wa Mutharika. | 4 October 2025 | Malawi | ||
| President | José Jerí | 10 October 2025 | Peru | ||
| President | Council of the Presidency for the Re-Foundation of the Republic]] since 14 October 2025. | 14 October 2025 | Madagascar | ||
| President | Patrick Herminie | 26 October 2025 | Seychelles | ||
| President | Rodrigo Paz PereiraRodrigo Paz Pereira is the son of President Jaime Paz Zamora. | 8 November 2025 | Bolivia | ||
| President | Catherine Connolly | 11 November 2025 | Ireland | ||
| Transitional President | Horta Inta-A Na Man | 27 November 2025 | Guinea-Bissau | ||
| President | Jeffrey Bostic | 30 November 2025 | Barbados | ||
| (President) | Guy ParmelinGuy Parmelin was previously President of the Swiss Confederation from 1 January 202131 December 2021. | 1 January 2026 | Switzerland | ||
| Acting President | Delcy RodríguezThe office of President of Venezuela has been in dispute between Delcy Rodríguez and Edmundo González of the Unitary Platform, since 3 January 2026. | 3 January 2026 | Venezuela | ||
| (Governor-General) | Stanley John | 6 January 2026 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | ||
| President | Iliana Iotova | 23 January 2026 | Bulgaria | ||
| President | Nasry Asfura | 27 January 2026 | Honduras |
States with limited recognition
Current
| Title | Name | Assumed office | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| President | Brahim Ghali | 12 July 2016 | Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | |
| President | Vadim Krasnoselsky | 16 December 2016 | Transnistria | |
| President | Vjosa Osmani | 4 April 2021 | Kosovo | |
| President | Alan Gagloyev | 24 May 2022 | South Ossetia | |
| President | Lai Ching-te | 20 May 2024 | Republic of China (Taiwan) | |
| President | Badra Gunba | 19 November 2024Badra Gunba was Acting President of Abkhazia until 2 April 2025. | Abkhazia | |
| President | Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi | 12 December 2024 | Somaliland | |
| President | Tufan ErhürmanTufan Erhürman was Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus from 2 February 201822 May 2019. | 24 October 2025 | Northern Cyprus |
| Title | Name | Takes office | Country |
|---|
Disputed governments
The following heads of state represent governments that are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
Current
| Title | Name | Assumed office | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairman of the Supreme Political Council | Mahdi al-Mashat | 25 April 2018 | Yemen | |
| President of the Coordination Council | Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | 14 August 2020 | Belarus | |
| President of the National Assembly | Dinorah Figuera | 5 January 2023 | Venezuela |
Notes
References
References
- [http://www.fuerstenhaus.li/en/fuerstenhaus/fuerstliche_familie/erbprinz_alois.html Hereditary Prince Alois] {{webarchive. link. (21 June 2012)
- "Sudan's Constitution of 2019".
- (22 November 2021). "Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy". [[Al Jazeera English.
- (11 November 2021). "Sudan army chief names new governing Sovereign Council". [[Al Jazeera English.
Wikipedia Source
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