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List of heads of government of Libya

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Summary

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FieldValue
postPrime Minister
bodyLibya
native_nameرئيس الوزراء ليبيا
imageVisit of Abdul Hamid Dbeibah, Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity of Libya, to the European Commission 04 (cropped).jpg
incumbentAbdul Hamid Dbeibeh
incumbentsince15 March 2021
departmentGovernment of National Unity
styleMr. Prime Minister
His Excellency
statusHead of government
member_ofCabinet of Libya
reports_toChairman of the Presidential Council
seatTripoli, Libya
formation
firstMahmud al-Muntasir
deputyDeputy Prime Minister

His Excellency

This article lists the heads of government of Libya since the country's independence in 1951.

Libya has been in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the collapse of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and the killing of Muammar Gaddafi, amidst the First Civil War and the foreign military intervention. The crisis was deepened by the factional violence in the aftermath of the First Civil War, resulting in the outbreak of the Second Civil War in 2014. The control over the country is currently split between the internationally recognized Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli and the rival Government of National Stability (GNS)—supported by the House of Representatives (HoR)—in Tobruk, their respective supporters, as well as various jihadist groups and tribal elements controlling parts of the country.

Heads of government of Libya (1951–present)

No.NamePortraitLifespanTerm of officePolitical affiliationTook officeLeft officeTime in officeIndependent politician}}"1Independent politician}}"2Independent politician}}"3Independent politician}}"4Independent politician}}"5Independent politician}}"6Independent politician}}"(1)Independent politician}}"7Independent politician}}"8Independent politician}}"9Independent politician}}"10Independent politician}}"11Arab Socialist Union (Libya)}}"12Arab Socialist Union (Libya)}}"13141516(15)17181920212223Independent politician}}"24Independent politician}}"Independent politician}}"National Party For Development and Welfare}}"25Independent politician}}"26Independent politician}}"Independent politician}}"Independent politician}}"Independent politician}}"27Independent politician}}"Independent politician}}"Independent politician}}"28Independent politician}}"Independent politician}}"
Mahmud al-Muntasir[[File:Mahmud al-Muntasir2.jpg100px]]1903–197029 March 195119 February 1954Independent
Prime Minister. First tenure in the office. Served in acting capacity until 24 December 1951.
Muhammad Sakizli[[File:Mohammed Sakizli.jpg100px]]1892–197619 February 195412 April 1954Independent
Prime Minister.
Mustafa Ben Halim[[File:Mustafa Ben Halim (cropped).jpg100px]]1921–202112 April 195426 May 1957Independent
Prime Minister.
Abdul Majid Kabar[[File:Abdul Majid Kubar.JPG100px]]1909–198826 May 195717 October 1960Independent
Prime Minister.
Muhammad Osman Said[[File:Muhammad Osman Said2.jpg100px]]1924–200717 October 196019 March 1963Independent
Prime Minister.
Mohieddin Fikini[[File:Mohieddin Fekini.jpg100px]]1925–199419 March 196320 January 1964Independent
Prime Minister.
Mahmud al-Muntasir[[File:Mahmud al-Muntasir2.jpg100px]]1903–197020 January 196420 March 1965Independent
Prime Minister. Second tenure in the office.
Hussein Maziq[[File:Hussein Maziq.jpg100px]]1918–200620 March 19652 July 1967Independent
Prime Minister.
Abdul Qadir al-Badri[[File:Abdul Qadir al-Badri.jpg100px]]1921–20032 July 196725 October 1967Independent
Prime Minister.
Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush[[File:Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush.JPG100px]]1933–200725 October 19674 September 1968Independent
Prime Minister.
Wanis al-Qaddafi[[File:Wanis al-Qaddafi2.jpg100px]]1922–19864 September 196831 August 1969Independent
Prime Minister. Deposed in the 1969 revolution.
Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi[[File:No image.svg100px]]1935–20098 September 196916 January 1970Independent
Prime Minister.
Muammar Gaddafi[[File:Moamer el Gadafi (cropped).jpg100px]]1942–201116 January 197016 July 1972Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Prime Minister. Simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC).
Abdessalam Jalloud[[File:Abdessalam Jalloud.jpg100px]]born 194416 July 19722 March 1977Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Prime Minister.
Abdul Ati al-Obeidi[[File:Abdul Ati al-Obeidi (cropped).jpg100px]]1939–20232 March 19772 March 1979yearsIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the General People's Committee (GPCO). Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1979 to 1981.
Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi[[File:No image.svg100px]]1939–20242 March 197916 February 1984Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. First tenure in the office.
Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab[[File:No image.svg100px]]born 194016 February 19843 March 1986Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Previously served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1981 to 1984. Afterwards served as Governor of the Central Bank of Libya, from 1987 to 1990 and in 2011.
Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi[[File:No image.svg100px]]1939–20243 March 19861 March 1987Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Second tenure in the office. Served at the time of the 1986 United States bombing (*Operation El Dorado Canyon*).
Umar Mustafa Al Muntasir[[File:No image.svg100px]]1939–20011 March 19877 October 1990Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
Abuzed Omar Dorda[[File:No image.svg100px]]1944–20227 October 199029 January 1994Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as head of the Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya (national intelligence service), from 2009 to 2011.
Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud[[File:No image.svg100px]]1943–202129 January 199429 December 1997Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush[[File:No image.svg100px]]1937–201629 December 19971 March 2000Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
Imbarek Shamekh[[File:No image.svg100px]]born 19521 March 200014 June 2003Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 2009 to 2010.
Shukri Ghanem[[File:Shukri Ghanem 2010.jpg100px]]1942–201214 June 2003url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4777332.stmtitle=Libya's reforming premier sackeddate=6 March 2006work=BBC Newsaccess-date=1 January 2021}}Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
Baghdadi Mahmudi[[File:2008-07-31 Багдади Махмуди.jpg100px]]born 19455 March 200623 August 2011Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Served at the time of the First Civil War and the concurrent foreign military intervention. Deposed during the Battle of Tripoli.
Mahmoud Jibril[[File:Mahmoud Jibril 2011 (cropped).jpg100px]]1952–20205 March 201123 October 2011Independent
Prime Minister; served as Head of the Executive Team of the National Transitional Council (NTC) until 23 March 2011. In rebellion to 23 August 2011, based in Benghazi during this period.
Ali Tarhouni[[File:Ali Tarhouni cropped GNC.jpg100px]]born 195123 October 201124 November 2011Independent
Deputy Prime Minister, assumed office as caretaker.
Abdurrahim El-Keib[[File:El-Keib (cropped).jpg100px]]1950–202024 November 201114 November 2012Independent
Acting Prime Minister.
Ali Zeidan[[File:Ali Zeidan at US State Department 2013.png100px]]born 195014 November 201211 March 2014National Party for Development and Welfare
Prime Minister. Briefly kidnapped by armed militants during the 2013 coup attempt. Survived the February 2014 coup attempt.
Following the 2014 parliamentary election, the government was split between the newly-elected House of Representatives (HoR) and the outgoing General National Congress (GNC), resulting in the Second Civil War. The 2014 elections were declared invalid by the Supreme Court in November 2014.
Abdullah al-Theni[[File:Abdullah al-Thani.jpg100px]]born 195411 March 20145 April 2016Independent
Prime Minister. In rebellion, based in Tobruk from August 2014, then in Bayda. Internationally recognized until 12 March 2016. Served in acting capacity until 8 April 2014. Survived the May 2014 coup attempt.
Ahmed Maiteeq[[File:Ahmed Maiteeq.jpg100px]]born 197225 May 20149 June 2014Independent
Prime Minister. Appointment declared invalid by the Supreme Court.
Omar al-Hassi[[File:No image.svg100px]]born 19496 September 201431 March 2015Independent
Prime Minister of the National Salvation Government (NSG). In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
Khalifa al-Ghawil[[File:No image.svg100px]]born 196431 March 20155 April 2016Independent
Prime Minister of the NSG. Served in acting capacity until 1 December 2015. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
Following the inauguration of the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord (GNA), the government remain split between the HoR and the NSG, recreated after the 2016 coup attempt. However, the High Council of State (HCS), based in Tripoli, recognized the GNA.
Fayez al-Sarraj[[File:Fayez al-Sarraj in Washington - 2017 (38751877521) (cropped).jpg100px]]born 19605 April 201615 March 2021Independent
Prime Minister of the GNA, simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Presidential Council. Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
Khalifa al-Ghawil[[File:No image.svg100px]]born 196414 October 201616 March 2017Independent
Prime Minister of the recreated NSG. In rebellion, based in part of Tripoli.
Abdullah al-Theni[[File:Abdullah al-Thani.jpg100px]]born 19545 April 201615 March 2021Independent
Prime Minister of the HoR. Based in opposition in Tobruk.
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh[[File:Visit of Abdul Hamid Dbeibah, Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity of Libya, to the European Commission 04 (cropped).jpg100px]]born 195815 March 2021IncumbentIndependent
Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity (GNU). Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
Fathi Bashagha[[File:Fathi Bashagha 2021.png100px]]born 19623 March 202216 May 2023Independent
Prime Minister of the Government of National Stability (GNS), supported by the HoR. Based in opposition in Sirte. Suspended by the HoR on 16 May 2023.
Osama Hammad[[File:No image.svg100px]]born 197916 May 2023IncumbentIndependent
Acting Prime Minister of the GNS, supported by the HoR. Designated Acting Prime Minister by the HoR after the suspension of Fathi Bashagha.

Timeline

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Define $today =

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:1951 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal

Colors = id:ind value:rgb(0.80,0.80,0.80) legend:None_(Independent) id:mil value:rgb(0.76,0.69,0.57) legend:Military id:asu value:rgb(0.94,0,0.11) legend:Arab_Socialist_Union id:jamahiriya value:rgb(0,0.52,0.26) legend:Jamahiriya id:npdw value:rgb(1,0.8,0) legend:National_Party_for_Development_and_Welfare

id:gray1 value:gray(0.85) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1955 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1951

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:40 columnwidth:250

TextData = pos:(20,45) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political affiliation:"

BarData = bar:M_al-Muntasir bar:Sakizli bar:BenHalim bar:Kabar bar:Said bar:Fikini bar:Maziq bar:al-Badri bar:al-Bakkoush bar:al-Qaddafi bar:Maghribi bar:Gaddafi bar:Jalloud bar:al-Obeidi bar:at-Talhi bar:Rajab bar:U_M_Al_Muntasir bar:Dorda bar:al-Qa′ud bar:al-Mangoush bar:Shamekh bar:Ghanem bar:Mahmudi bar:Jibril bar:Tarhouni bar:El-Keib bar:Zeidan bar:al-Thani bar:Maiteeq bar:al-Hassi bar:al-Ghawil bar:al-Sarraj bar:Dbeibeh bar:Bashagha bar:Hammad

PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:9 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:M_al-Muntasir from: 29/03/1951 till: 19/02/1954 color:ind from: 20/01/1964 till: 20/03/1965 color:ind text:"Mahmud al-Muntasir" bar:Sakizli from: 19/02/1954 till: 12/04/1954 color:ind text:"Muhammad Sakizli" bar:BenHalim from: 12/04/1954 till: 26/05/1957 color:ind text:"Mustafa Ben Halim" bar:Kabar from: 26/05/1957 till: 17/10/1960 color:ind text:"Abdul Majid Kabar" bar:Said from: 17/10/1960 till: 19/03/1963 color:ind text:"Muhammad Osman Said" bar:Fikini from: 19/03/1963 till: 20/01/1964 color:ind text:"Mohieddin Fikini" bar:Maziq from: 20/03/1965 till: 02/07/1967 color:ind text:"Hussein Maziq" bar:al-Badri from: 02/07/1967 till: 25/10/1967 color:ind text:"Abdul Qadir al-Badri" bar:al-Bakkoush from: 25/10/1967 till: 04/09/1968 color:ind text:"Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush" bar:al-Qaddafi from: 04/09/1968 till: 31/08/1969 color:ind text:"Wanis al-Qaddafi" bar:Maghribi from: 08/09/1969 till: 16/01/1970 color:ind text:"Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi" bar:Gaddafi from: 16/01/1970 till: 11/06/1971 color:mil from: 11/06/1971 till: 16/07/1972 color:asu text:"Muammar Gaddafi" bar:Jalloud from: 16/07/1972 till: 02/03/1977 color:asu text:"Abdessalam Jalloud" bar:al-Obeidi from: 02/03/1977 till: 02/03/1979 color:jamahiriya text:"Abdul Ati al-Obeidi" bar:at-Talhi from: 02/03/1979 till: 16/02/1984 color:jamahiriya from: 03/03/1986 till: 01/03/1987 color:jamahiriya text:"Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi" bar:Rajab from: 16/02/1984 till: 03/03/1986 color:jamahiriya text:"Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab" bar:U_M_Al_Muntasir from: 01/03/1987 till: 07/10/1990 color:jamahiriya text:"Umar Mustafa Al Muntasir" bar:Dorda from: 07/10/1990 till: 29/01/1994 color:jamahiriya text:"Abuzed Omar Dorda" bar:al-Qa′ud from: 29/01/1994 till: 29/12/1997 color:jamahiriya text:"Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud" bar:al-Mangoush from: 29/12/1997 till: 01/03/2000 color:jamahiriya text:"Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush" bar:Shamekh from: 01/03/2000 till: 14/06/2003 color:jamahiriya text:"Imbarek Shamekh" bar:Ghanem from: 14/06/2003 till: 05/03/2006 color:jamahiriya text:"Shukri Ghanem" bar:Mahmudi from: 05/03/2006 till: 23/08/2011 color:jamahiriya text:"Baghdadi Mahmudi" bar:Jibril from: 05/03/2011 till: 23/10/2011 color:ind text:"Mahmoud Jibril" bar:Tarhouni from: 23/10/2011 till: 24/11/2011 color:ind text:"Ali Tarhouni (acting)" bar:El-Keib from: 24/11/2011 till: 14/11/2012 color:ind text:"Abdurrahim El-Keib (acting)" bar:Zeidan from: 14/11/2012 till: 11/03/2014 color:npdw text:"Ali Zeidan" bar:al-Thani from: 11/03/2014 till: 05/04/2016 color:ind from: 05/04/2016 till: 15/03/2021 color:ind text:"Abdullah al-Thani" bar:Maiteeq from: 25/05/2014 till: 09/06/2014 color:ind text:"Ahmed Maiteeq" bar:al-Hassi from: 06/09/2014 till: 31/03/2015 color:ind text:"Omar al-Hassi" bar:al-Ghawil from: 31/03/2015 till: 05/04/2016 color:ind from: 14/10/2016 till: 16/03/2017 color:ind text:"Khalifa al-Ghawil" bar:al-Sarraj from: 05/04/2016 till: 15/03/2021 color:ind text:"Fayez al-Sarraj" bar:Dbeibeh from: 15/03/2021 till: $today color:ind text:"Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh" bar:Bashagha from: 03/03/2022 till: 16/05/2023 color:ind text:"Fathi Bashagha" bar:Hammad from: 16/05/2023 till: $today color:ind text:"Osama Hammad (acting)"

Notes

References

References

  1. (10 February 2021). "Libya mired in chaos 10 years after Arab Spring". [[France 24]].
  2. (19 October 2021). "10 years since Kadhafi death, stability still eludes Libya". [[France 24]].
  3. (7 May 2021). "Feature: Libyans struggling in poverty, chaos 10 years after NATO intervention". [[Xinhua News Agency]].
  4. National Post View. (24 February 2015). "Libya's Second Civil War: How did it come to this?". Conflict News.
  5. Pelham, Nicolas. (February 2015). "Libya Against Itself".
  6. Fadel, L. [https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/08/26/343444450/libyas-crisis-a-shattered-airport-two-parliaments-many-factions "Libya's Crisis: A Shattered Airport, Two Parliaments, Many Factions".] {{Webarchive. link. (2015-04-26)
  7. (3 March 1987). "The World". [[Los Angeles Times.
  8. (12 April 2009). "Libyan ex-PM named new spy chief". IOL.
  9. William Maclean. (11 September 2011). "Exclusive: At bay, captured Libyan spy chief defiant". Reuters.
  10. (6 March 2006). "Libya's reforming premier sacked". BBC News.
  11. (6 November 2014). "Libya court 'invalidates' parliament". BBC News.
  12. (3 March 2022). "Libyan parliament swears in new PM as crisis deepens".
  13. Assad, Abdulkader. (3 March 2022). "Bashagha's government sworn in at HoR in Tobruk". [[Libya Observer]].
  14. Zaptia, Sami. (8 June 2022). "Bashagha government is to resume its work from the city of Sirte". [[Libya Herald]].
  15. (16 May 2023). "Libya parliament suspends rival eastern-based PM Bashagha". [[Al Jazeera English.
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