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List of governors of pre-independence Sudan
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The governors of pre-independence Sudan were the colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Turco-Egyptian Sudan and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, an area equivalent to modern-day Sudan and South Sudan.
List
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
| Tenure | Portrait | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turco-Egyptian Sudan | |||
| November 1820 to 1821 | Isma'il Kamil Pasha, | ||
| Commander | |||
| April 1821 to September 1824 | Muhammad Bey Defterdar, | ||
| Commander | |||
| September 1824 to May 1825 | Osman Bey Jarkas, | ||
| Commander | |||
| May 1825 to March 1826 | Mahu Bey Urfali, | ||
| Commander | |||
| March 1826 to 1835 | Ali Khurshid Agha, | ||
| Governor | |||
| 1835 to June 1838 | Ali Khurshid Pasha, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| June 1838 to 6 October 1843 | Ahmad Pasha abu Widan, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1843 to 1845 | Ahmad Pasha Manikli (Manliki), | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1845 to 1850 | Khalid Khusraw Pasha, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1850 to January 1851 | 'Abd al-Latif Pasha, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| January 1851 to May 1852 | Rustum Pasha Jarkas, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| May 1852 to 1853 | Isma'il Haqqi Pasha abu Jabal, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1853 to 1854 | Salim Pasha Sa'ib al-Jaza'irli, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| July 1854 to November 1854 | Ali Pasha Sirri al-Arna'ut, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1854 to 1855 | Ali Pasha Jarkas, | ||
| Governor | |||
| 1856 to 1858 | Arakil Bey al-Armani, | ||
| Governor | |||
| 1859 to 1861 | Hasan Bey Salama Jarkas, | ||
| Governor | |||
| 1861 to 1862 | Muhammad Rasikh Bey, | ||
| Governor | |||
| 1862 to 1865 | Mūsā Pasha Ḥamdī, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1865 to November 1865 | 'Umar Bey Fakhri, | ||
| acting Hakimdar | acting Governor-General | ||
| November 1865 to 1866 | Ja'afar Pasha Sadiq, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1866 to 5 February 1871 | Ja'afar Pasha Mazhar, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 5 February 1871 to October 1872 | Ahmad Mumtaz Pasha, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| October 1872 to 1872 | Edhem Pasha al-Arifi at-Atqalawi, | ||
| acting Hakimdar | acting Governor-General | ||
| 1873 to 1876 | [[File:Ismail Eyub Pasha.png | 60px]] | Isma'il Ayyub Pasha, |
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| May 1877 to December 1879 | [[File:Charles Gordon Pasha.jpg | 60px]] | Charles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), |
| Hakimdar | Governor-General, 1st time | ||
| December 1879 to February 1882 | [[File:MuhammedRaufPashaPotrait.jpg | 60px]] | Muhammad Rauf Pasha, |
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 4 March 1882 to 11 May 1882 | [[File:CarlChristianGiegler.jpg | 60px]] | Carl Christian Giegler ("Giegler Pasha"), |
| acting Hakimdar | acting Governor-General | ||
| May 1882 to March 1883 | 'Abd al-Qadir Pasha Hilmi, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| March 1883 to 5 November 1883 | 'Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq, | ||
| Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| February 1884 to 18 February 1884 | Henry Watts Russell de Coetlogon, | ||
| acting Hakimdar | acting Governor-General | ||
| 18 February 1884 to 26 January 1885 | [[File:Charles Gordon Pasha.jpg | 60px]] | Charles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), |
| Hakimdar | Governor-General, 2nd time; Killed at the end of the Siege of Khartoum | ||
| 26 January 1885 to 2 October 1898 | *Territory of Turkish Sudan under complete control of Mahdiyah (Mahdist State)* | ||
| Mahdist State | |||
| 29 June 1881 to 22 June 1885 | [[File:Muhammad Ahmad.jpg | 60px]] | Muhammad Ahmad, |
| Mahdi | Self-proclaimed Mahdi, Islamic Messiah | ||
| 22 June 1885 to 2 September 1898 | [[File:Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, 1846-1899.jpg | 60px]] | Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, |
| Khalifa | Self-proclaimed Caliph, successor to Muhammad Ahmad; Defeated in the Battle of Omdurman, and later killed in the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat | ||
| British Military Administration | |||
| 2 September 1898 to 19 January 1899 | [[File:Horatio Herbert Kitchener (cropped).jpg | 60px]] | The 1st Baron Kitchener of Khartoum, |
| Military Governor | Simultaneously served as Sirdar. Was known as Sir Herbert Kitchener up until 31 October 1898 | ||
| Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (condominium) | |||
| 19 January 1899 to 22 December 1899 | [[File:Horatio Herbert Kitchener (cropped).jpg | 60px]] | The 1st Baron Kitchener of Khartoum, |
| Governor-General | Simultaneously served as Sirdar. Was later created The 1st Earl Kitchener, in July 1914 | ||
| 22 December 1899 to 31 December 1916 | [[File:ReginaldWingate.jpg | 60px]] | Sir Reginald Wingate, |
| Governor-General | Simultaneously served as Sirdar | ||
| 1 January 1917 to 20 November 1924 | [[File:Major General Sir Lee Stack 1924.jpg | 60px]] | Sir Lee Oliver Fitzmaurice Stack, |
| Governor-General | Simultaneously served as Sirdar; assassinated in Cairo | ||
| 21 November 1924 to 5 January 1925 | Wasey Sterry, | ||
| acting Governor-General | |||
| 5 January 1925 to 6 July 1926 | [[File:Sir Geoffrey Archer LCCN2014709676.jpg | 60px]] | Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer, |
| Governor-General | The first civilian Governor-General | ||
| 31 October 1926 to 10 January 1934 | [[File:John Loader Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby by Philip Alexius de László.jpg | 60px]] | Sir John Loader Maffey, |
| Governor-General | |||
| 10 January 1934 to 19 October 1940 | [[File:Sir George Stewart Symes.png | 60px]] | Sir George Stewart Symes, |
| Governor-General | |||
| 19 October 1940 to 8 April 1947 | Sir Hubert Jervoise Huddleston, | ||
| Governor-General | |||
| 8 April 1947 to 29 March 1954 | [[File:Robert George Howe in 1947.jpg | 60px]] | Sir Robert George Howe, |
| Governor-General | |||
| 29 March 1954 to 12 December 1955 | [[File:Knox Helm.jpg | 60px]] | Sir Alexander Knox Helm, |
| Governor-General | |||
| 12 December 1955 to 1 January 1956 | [[File:Tayeb Salih and Muhammad Ahmad Abu Rannat (cropped).jpg | 60px]] | Muhammad Ahmad Abu Rannat, |
| acting Governor-General | Chief Justice of Sudan | ||
| 1 January 1956 | ''Independence as the '''Republic of Sudan''''' |
For continuation after independence, *see: *List of heads of state of Sudan
Timeline (1881–1956)
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late
Colors = id:mst value:black legend:Mahdist_State id:bma value:red legend:British_Military_Administration id:aes value:orange legend:Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan
id:gray1 value:gray(0.85) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1881 till:01/01/1956 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1885 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1881
Legend = columns:1 left:50 top:24 columnwidth:150
BarData = barset:PM
bar:Mahdi bar:Khalifa bar:Kitchener bar:Wingate bar:Stack bar:Sterry bar:Archer bar:Maffey bar:Symes bar:Huddleston bar:Howe bar:Helm bar:AbuRannat
PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM
bar:Mahdi from: 29/06/1881 till: 22/06/1885 color:mst text:"Mahdi" fontsize:10 bar:Khalifa from: 22/06/1885 till: 02/09/1898 color:mst text:"Khalifa" fontsize:10 bar:Kitchener from: 02/09/1898 till: 19/01/1899 color:bma from: 19/01/1899 till: 22/12/1899 color:aes text:"Kitchener" fontsize:10 bar:Wingate from: 22/12/1899 till: 31/12/1916 color:aes text:"Wingate" fontsize:10 bar:Stack from: 01/01/1917 till: 20/11/1924 color:aes text:"Stack" fontsize:10 bar:Sterry from: 21/11/1924 till: 05/01/1925 color:aes text:"Sterry (acting)" fontsize:10 bar:Archer from: 05/01/1925 till: 06/07/1926 color:aes text:"Archer" fontsize:10 bar:Maffey from: 31/10/1926 till: 10/01/1934 color:aes text:"Maffey" fontsize:10 bar:Symes from: 10/01/1934 till: 19/10/1940 color:aes text:"Symes" fontsize:10 bar:Huddleston from: 19/10/1940 till: 08/04/1947 color:aes text:"Huddleston" fontsize:10 bar:Howe from: 08/04/1947 till: 29/03/1954 color:aes text:"Howe" fontsize:10 bar:Helm from: 29/03/1954 till: 12/12/1955 color:aes text:"Helm" fontsize:10 bar:AbuRannat from: 12/12/1955 till: 01/01/1956 color:aes text:"Abu Rannat (acting)" fontsize:10
References
References
- (24 November 2014). "The Assassination of Sir Lee Stack". The Townsville Daily Bulletin.
- Ibrahim, Hassan Ahmed. (2004). "Sayyid ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Mahdī: a study of neo-Mahdīsm in the Sudan, 1899–1956". BRILL.
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