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List of governors of Massachusetts

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Summary

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The governor of Massachusetts is the head of government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces.

Since 1780, 65 people have been elected governor, six to non-consecutive terms (John Hancock, Caleb Strong, Marcus Morton, John Davis, John Volpe, and Michael Dukakis), and seven lieutenant governors have acted as governor without subsequently being elected governor. Thomas Talbot served a stint as acting governor, but was elected governor several years later. Prior to 1918 constitutional reforms, both the governor's office and that of lieutenant governor were vacant on one occasion, when the state was governed by the Governor's Council.

List of governors

Colonial Massachusetts

The colonial history of Massachusetts begins with the founding first of the Plymouth Colony in 1620, and then the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628. The Dominion of New England combined these and other New England colonies into a single unit in 1686, but collapsed in 1689. In 1692 the Province of Massachusetts Bay was established, merging Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, which then included the territory of present-day Maine.

Colonial governors of Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colony were elected annually by a limited subset of the male population (known as freemen), while Dominion officials and those of the 1692 province were appointed by the British crown. In 1774 General Thomas Gage became the last royally appointed governor of Massachusetts. He was recalled to England after the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775, by which time the Massachusetts Provincial Congress exercised de facto control of Massachusetts territory outside British-occupied Boston. Between 1775 and the establishment of the Massachusetts State Constitution in 1780 the state was governed by the provincial congress and an executive council.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1780–present

The constitution of Massachusetts created the offices of governor and lieutenant governor, to be elected annually. Terms were lengthened to two years in 1918, to last until their successor was inaugurated, which would be at least the first Wednesday in the January after their election. This was changed to the Thursday following the first Wednesday in the January after the election in 1950, and terms were lengthened to four years in 1966.

No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor1—2345——67—89101112—1314—1516171819202122232425262728—2930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869—70717273
[[File:John Hancock 1770-crop.jpg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"John Hancock
(1737–1793)
–
February 18, 1785
(resigned)None1780Nonpartisan politician}};"
1781
1782
1783
1784
[[File:Thomas Cushing.jpg75px]]Thomas Cushing
(1725–1788)
–
May 27, 1785
(lost election)NoneLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
[[File:James Bowdoin II by Feke full length.jpg75px]]James Bowdoin
(1726–1790)
–
June 1, 1787
(lost election)None1785
1786
[[File:John Hancock 1770-crop.jpg75px]]John Hancock
(1737–1793)
–
October 8, 1793
(died in office)None1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
[[File:Samuel Adams by John Singleton Copley.jpg75px]]Samuel Adams
(1722–1803)
–
June 2, 1797
(did not run)NoneLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"Democratic-
Republican1794Federalist Party (United States)}};"
1795
1796
[[File:IncreaseSumnerBySharples.jpg75px]]Federalist Party (United States)}};"Increase Sumner
(1746–1799)
–
June 7, 1799
(died in office)Federalist1797
1798
1799
[[File:John Singleton Copley - Portrait of Govenor Moses Gill - 07.117 - Rhode Island School of Design Museum.jpg75px]]Moses Gill
(1733–1800)
–
May 20, 1800
(died in office)FederalistLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
[[File:Seal of Massachusetts.svg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"Governor's Council
chaired by Thomas Dawes
–
May 30, 1800—Governor's
Council
actingVacant
[[File:Portrait of Caleb Strong (1745-1819) (frame cropped).jpg75px]]Federalist Party (United States)}};"Caleb Strong
(1745–1819)
–
May 29, 1807
(lost election)Federalist1800
1801Federalist Party (United States)}};"
1802Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"
1803
1804
1805
1806
[[File:James Sullivan.jpg75px]]Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"James Sullivan
(1744–1808)
–
December 10, 1808
(died in office)Democratic-
Republican1807
1808
[[File: Levi Lincoln Sr.jpg75px]]Levi Lincoln Sr.
(1749–1820)
–
June 3, 1809
(lost election)Democratic-
RepublicanLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
[[File:ChristopherGoreByTrumbull.jpg75px]]Federalist Party (United States)}};"Christopher Gore
(1758–1827)
–
June 2, 1810
(lost election)Federalist1809Federalist Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Nathaniel Jocelyn - Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814) - 1943.1816 - Harvard Art Museums.jpg75px]]Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"Elbridge Gerry
(1744–1814)
–
May 30, 1812
(lost election)Democratic-
Republican1810Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"
1811
[[File:Portrait of Caleb Strong (1745-1819) (frame cropped).jpg75px]]Federalist Party (United States)}};"Caleb Strong
(1745–1819)
–
June 1, 1816
(did not run)Federalist1812
1813
1814
1815
[[File:Gilbert Stuart, Govenor John Brooks, c. 1820, HAA.jpg75px]]John Brooks
(1752–1825)
–
May 30, 1823
(did not run)Federalist1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
[[File:William Eustis.jpg75px]]Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"William Eustis
(1753–1825)
–
February 6, 1825
(died in office)Democratic-
Republican1823
1824
[[File:Marcus Morton.jpg75px]]Marcus Morton
(1784–1864)
–
May 27, 1825
(successor took office)Democratic-
RepublicanLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
[[File:LLincolnJr.jpg75px]]Levi Lincoln Jr.
(1782–1868)
–
January 21, 1834
(did not run)Democratic-
Republican1825
1826
1827
1828
National Republican Party (United States)}};"National
Republican1829
1830
Apr. 1831
Nov. 1831
1832
[[File:John Davis (Massachusetts Governor).jpg75px]]John Davis
(1787–1854)
–
March 3, 1835
(resigned)National
Republican1833Whig Party (United States)}};"
Whig Party (United States)}};"Whig1834
[[File:Samuel Turell Armstrong.png75px]]Samuel Turell Armstrong
(1784–1850)
–
January 13, 1836
(lost election)WhigLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
[[File:Edward Everett.jpg75px]]Edward Everett
(1794–1865)
–
January 18, 1840
(lost election)Whig1835
1836
1837
1838
[[File:Marcus Morton.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Marcus Morton
(1784–1864)
–
January 9, 1841
(lost election)Democratic1839
[[File:John Davis (Massachusetts Governor).jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}};"John Davis
(1787–1854)
–
January 18, 1843
(lost election)Whig1840
1841
[[File:Marcus Morton.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Marcus Morton
(1784–1864)
–
January 9, 1844
(lost election)Democratic1842Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:George Nixon Briggs.jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}};"George N. Briggs
(1796–1861)
–
January 13, 1851
(lost election)Whig1843Whig Party (United States)}};"
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
[[File:George Boutwell, Brady-Handy photo portrait, ca1870-1880.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"George S. Boutwell
(1818–1905)
–
January 14, 1853
(did not run)Democratic1850Democratic Party (United States)}};"
1851
[[File:JohnCliffordByBenoni.jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}};"John H. Clifford
(1809–1876)
–
January 12, 1854
(did not run)Whig1852Whig Party (United States)}};"
[[File:EmoryWashburn.jpg75px]]Emory Washburn
(1800–1877)
–
January 9, 1855
(lost election)Whig1853
[[File:GovHenryJGardner.jpg75px]]Know-Nothing}};"Henry Gardner
(1819–1892)
–
January 2, 1858
(lost election)Know Nothing1854Know-Nothing}};"
1855Republican Party (United States)}};"
1856
[[File:Nathaniel Prentice Banks.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Nathaniel P. Banks
(1816–1894)
–
January 2, 1861
(did not run)Republican1857
1858
1859
[[File:Houghton MS Am 1084 (59) - Andrew - edit.jpg75px]]John Albion Andrew
(1818–1867)
–
January 6, 1866
(did not run)Republican1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
[[File:Alexander H. Bullock.png75px]]Alexander Bullock
(1816–1882)
–
January 9, 1869
(did not run)Republican1865
1866
1867
[[File:William Claflin - Brady-Handy.jpg75px]]William Claflin
(1818–1905)
–
January 5, 1872
(did not run)Republican1868
1869
1870
[[File:William B. Washburn - Brady-Handy.jpg75px]]William B. Washburn
(1820–1887)
–
April 30, 1874
(resigned)Republican1871
1872
1873
[[File:GovThomasTalbot.jpg75px]]Thomas Talbot
(1818–1885)
–
January 7, 1875
(lost election)RepublicanLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
[[File:GovWilliamGaston.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"William Gaston
(1820–1894)
–
January 6, 1876
(lost election)Democratic1874
[[File:AHRice.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Alexander H. Rice
(1818–1895)
–
January 2, 1879
(did not run)Republican1875
1876
1877
[[File:GovThomasTalbot.jpg75px]]Thomas Talbot
(1818–1885)
–
January 8, 1880
(did not run)Republican1878
[[File:JDLong.jpg75px]]John Davis Long
(1838–1915)
–
January 4, 1883
(did not run)Republican1879
1880
1881
[[File:BenFrankButler.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Benjamin Butler
(1818–1893)
–
January 3, 1884
(lost election)Democratic1882
[[File:GovGeorgeDRobinson.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"George D. Robinson
(1834–1896)
–
January 6, 1887
(did not run)Republican1883
1884
1885
[[File:Oliver Ames 1831–1895.jpg75px]]Oliver Ames
(1831–1895)
–
January 2, 1890
(did not run)Republican1886
1887
1888
[[File:JohnQABrackett.jpg75px]]John Q. A. Brackett
(1842–1918)
–
January 8, 1891
(lost election)Republican1889
[[File:GovWilliamERussell.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"William E. Russell
(1857–1896)
–
January 4, 1894
(did not run)Democratic1890
1891
1892
[[File:Frederick T. Greenhalge.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Frederic T. Greenhalge
(1842–1896)
–
March 5, 1896
(died in office)Republican1893
1894
1895
[[File:Roger Wolcott by Frederic Porter Vinton.jpg75px]]Roger Wolcott
(1847–1900)
–
January 4, 1900
(did not run)RepublicanLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
1896
1897
1898
[[File:Winthrop Murray Crane.jpg75px]]Winthrop M. Crane
(1853–1920)
–
January 8, 1903
(did not run)Republican1899
1900
1901
[[File:GovJohnLBates.jpg75px]]John L. Bates
(1859–1946)
–
January 5, 1905
(lost election)Republican1902
1903
[[File:WilliamLewisDouglas.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"William Lewis Douglas
(1845–1924)
–
January 4, 1906
(did not run)Democratic1904
[[File:Curtis Guild Jr.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Curtis Guild Jr.
(1860–1915)
–
January 7, 1909
(did not run)Republican1905
1906
1907
[[File:Ebenezer Sumner Draper crop.jpg75px]]Eben Sumner Draper
(1858–1914)
–
January 5, 1911
(lost election)Republican1908
1909
[[File:Governor Foss.png75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Eugene Foss
(1858–1939)
–
January 8, 1914
(lost election)Democratic1910
1911
1912Democratic Party (United States)}};"David I. Walsh
[[File:David I. Walsh (MA).jpg75px]]David I. Walsh
(1872–1947)
–
January 6, 1916
(lost election)Democratic1913
1914Republican Party (United States)}};"Grafton D. Cushing
[[File:SamuelMcCall.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Samuel W. McCall
(1851–1923)
–
January 2, 1919
(did not run)Republican1915
1916
1917
[[File:John Calvin Coolidge, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg75px]]Calvin Coolidge
(1872–1933)
–
January 6, 1921
(did not run)Republican1918
1919
[[File:Channing H Cox.png75px]]Channing H. Cox
(1879–1968)
–
January 8, 1925
(did not run)Republican1920
1922
[[File:Alvin T Fuller.png75px]]Alvan T. Fuller
(1878–1958)
–
January 3, 1929
(did not run)Republican1924
1926
[[File:Frank G Allen.png75px]]Frank G. Allen
(1874–1950)
–
January 8, 1931
(lost election)Republican1928
[[File:Joseph B. Ely (MA).png75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Joseph B. Ely
(1881–1956)
–
January 3, 1935
(did not run)Democratic1930
1932
[[File:James Michael Curley official gubernatorial portrait photograph, 1935.jpeg75px]]James Michael Curley
(1874–1958)
–
January 7, 1937
(did not run)Democratic1934Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Charles F. Hurley official portrait photograph, 1937.jpeg75px]]Charles F. Hurley
(1893–1946)
–
January 5, 1939
(lost nomination)Democratic1936
[[File:Leverett Saltonstall (MA).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Leverett Saltonstall
(1892–1979)
–
January 4, 1945
(did not run)Republican1938Republican Party (United States)}};"
1940
1942
[[File:Maurice J. Tobin gubernatorial portrait photograph, 1945.jpeg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Maurice J. Tobin
(1901–1953)
–
January 2, 1947
(lost election)Democratic1944
[[File:Robert F. Bradford (Massachusetts Governor).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Robert F. Bradford
(1902–1983)
–
January 6, 1949
(lost election)Republican1946
[[File:PaulADever.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Paul A. Dever
(1903–1958)
–
January 8, 1953
(lost election)Democratic1948Democratic Party (United States)}};"
1950
[[File:Christian Archibald Herter (politician).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Christian Herter
(1895–1966)
–
January 3, 1957
(did not run)Republican1952Republican Party (United States)}};"
1954
[[File:Foster Furcolo, 60th Governor of Massachusetts.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Foster Furcolo
(1911–1995)
–
January 5, 1961
(did not run)Democratic1956Democratic Party (United States)}};"
1958
Vacant
[[File:John Volpe (1970).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"John A. Volpe
(1908–1994)
–
January 3, 1963
(lost election)Republican1960Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Endicott Peabody (MA).png75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Endicott Peabody
(1920–1997)
–
January 7, 1965
(lost nomination)Democratic1962
[[File:John Volpe (1970).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"John A. Volpe
(1908–1994)
–
January 22, 1969
(resigned)Republican1964Republican Party (United States)}};"
1966
[[File:Governor Francis Sargent (cropped).jpg75px]]Francis Sargent
(1915–1998)
–
January 2, 1975
(lost election)RepublicanLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
1970
[[File:Michael Dukakis gubernatorial portrait photograph, 1975.jpeg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Michael Dukakis
(b. 1933)
–
January 4, 1979
(lost nomination)Democratic1974Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Edward J. King.png75px]]Edward J. King
(1925–2006)
–
January 6, 1983
(lost nomination)Democratic1978
[[File:Michael Dukakis gubernatorial portrait photograph, 1983.jpeg75px]]Michael Dukakis
(b. 1933)
–
January 3, 1991
(did not run)Democratic1982
Vacant
1986Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:William F. Weld (MA).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Bill Weld
(b. 1945)
–
July 29, 1997
(resigned)Republican1990Republican Party (United States)}};"
1994
[[File:Paul Cellucci gubernatorial photo.jpg75px]]Paul Cellucci
(1948–2013)
–
April 10, 2001
(resigned)RepublicanLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
1998
[[File:Jane Swift gubernatorial photo.jpg75px]]Jane Swift
(b. 1965)
–
January 2, 2003
(did not run)RepublicanLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
[[File:Mitt Romney's official gubernatorial portrait (cropped).jpg75px]]Mitt Romney
(b. 1947)
–
January 4, 2007
(did not run)Republican2002
[[File:Deval Patrick official photo.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Deval Patrick
(b. 1956)
–
January 8, 2015
(did not run)Democratic2006Democratic Party (United States)}};"
2010
Vacant
[[File:Charlie Baker official photo (cropped).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Charlie Baker
(b. 1956)
–
January 5, 2023
(did not run)Republican2014Republican Party (United States)}};"
2018
[[File:Maura Healey, official portrait, governor (cropped).jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Maura Healey
(b. 1971)
–
IncumbentDemocratic2022Democratic Party (United States)}};"

Notes

References

References

  1. MA Const. chp II, § 1, art. I
  2. MA Const. chp II, § 2, art. I
  3. MA Const. chp II, § 1, art. II
  4. MA Const. amendment LXIV
  5. MA Const. amendment LXXX
  6. MA Const. amendment LXXXII
  7. (January 3, 2019). "John Hancock". [[National Governors Association]].
  8. "John Hancock".
  9. "Cotton Tufts to Abigail Adams, 11 April 1785", Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/04-06-02-0028. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Adams Family Correspondence, vol. 6, December 1784 – December 1785, ed. Richard Alan Ryerson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993, pp. 81–82.] Accessed March 6, 2023
  10. (November 9, 2009). "John Hancock". [[History (American TV network).
  11. "James Warren to John Adams, 28 January 1785", Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-16-02-0295. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Papers of John Adams, vol. 16, February 1784–March 1785, ed. Gregg L. Lint, C. James Taylor, Robert Karachuk, Hobson Woodward, Margaret A. Hogan, Sara B. Sikes, Sara Martin, Sara Georgini, Amanda A. Mathews, and James T. Connolly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012, pp. 498–500.] Accessed March 8, 2023
  12. {{congbio
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  14. Burdick, William. (1814). "The Massachusetts Manual, Or, Political and Historical Register". C. Callender.
  15. (January 3, 2019). "Samuel Adams". National Governors Association.
  16. (January 3, 2019). "Increase Sumner". National Governors Association.
  17. "To George Washington from Moses Gill, 15 May 1793", Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-12-02-0460. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, vol. 12, 16 January 1793 – 31 May 1793, ed. Christine Sternberg Patrick and John C. Pinheiro. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005, pp. 576–577.] Accessed March 7, 2023
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  19. (1800-06-07). "none". The Recorder.
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  35. (1825-06-03). "Massachusetts Legislature". New England Farmer.
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  37. (1834-01-22). "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Post.
  38. (January 3, 2019). "Samuel Turell Armstrong". National Governors Association.
  39. (1835-03-19). "A Proclamation". The Pittsfield Sun.
  40. (January 3, 2019). "Edward Everett". National Governors Association.
  41. (1836-01-16). "State Legislature". Fall River Monitor.
  42. (1840-01-23). "The Ceremony". The Pittsfield Sun.
  43. (1841-01-19). "Massachusetts Legislature". The Recorder.
  44. (1843-01-24). "Massachusetts Legislature". The Recorder.
  45. (January 3, 2019). "George Nixon Briggs". National Governors Association.
  46. (1844-01-16). "Our State Legislature". The Recorder.
  47. (January 3, 2019). "George Sewall Boutwell". National Governors Association.
  48. (1851-01-18). "Mass. Legislature". New England Farmer.
  49. (January 3, 2019). "John Henry Clifford". National Governors Association.
  50. (1853-01-14). "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Evening Transcript.
  51. (January 3, 2019). "Emory Washburn". National Governors Association.
  52. (1854-01-14). "Massachusetts Legislature". New England Farmer.
  53. (January 3, 2019). "Henry Joseph Gardner". National Governors Association.
  54. (1855-01-09). "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Evening Transcript.
  55. (January 3, 2019). "Nathaniel Prentice Banks". National Governors Association.
  56. (1858-01-09). "Massachusetts Legislature". New England Farmer.
  57. (January 3, 2019). "John Albion Andrew". National Governors Association.
  58. (1861-01-05). "Review of the Week". New England Farmer.
  59. (January 3, 2019). "Alexander Hamilton Bullock". National Governors Association.
  60. (1866-01-08). "Legislature". Fall River Daily Evening News.
  61. (January 3, 2019). "William Claflin". National Governors Association.
  62. (1869-01-11). "Massachusetts Legislature". Fall River Daily Evening News.
  63. (January 3, 2019). "William Barrett Washburn". National Governors Association.
  64. (1872-01-06). "Morning News". Fall River Daily Evening News.
  65. (January 3, 2019). "Thomas Talbot". National Governors Association.
  66. Massachusetts General Court. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1874 sess., [https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/795831 401], accessed March 8, 2023
  67. (January 3, 2019). "William Gaston". National Governors Association.
  68. (1875-01-08). "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Post.
  69. (January 3, 2019). "Alexander Hamilton Rice". National Governors Association.
  70. (1876-01-07). "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Post.
  71. (1879-01-02). "The Legislature". The Boston Globe.
  72. (January 3, 2019). "John Davis Long". National Governors Association.
  73. Massachusetts General Court. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1880 sess., [https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/795865 12], accessed March 8, 2023
  74. (January 3, 2019). "Benjamin Franklin Butler". National Governors Association.
  75. Massachusetts General Court. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1883 sess., [https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/795885 12], accessed March 8, 2023
  76. (January 3, 2019). "George Dexter Robinson". National Governors Association.
  77. Massachusetts General Court. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1884 sess., [https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/795888 12], accessed March 8, 2023
  78. (January 3, 2019). "Oliver Ames". National Governors Association.
  79. Massachusetts General Court. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1887 sess., [https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/795898 13], accessed March 8, 2023
  80. (January 3, 2019). "John Quincy Adams Brackett". National Governors Association.
  81. Massachusetts General Court. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1890 sess., [https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/795912 14], accessed March 8, 2023
  82. (January 3, 2019). "William Eustis Russell". National Governors Association.
  83. Massachusetts General Court. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1891 sess., [https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/795931 16], accessed March 8, 2023
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