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List of governors of Georgia

None

None

The governor of Georgia is the head of government of the U.S. state of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. Republican Brian Kemp assumed office on January 14, 2019.

There have officially been 83 governors of the State of Georgia, including 11 who served more than one distinct term (John Houstoun, George Walton, Edward Telfair, George Mathews, Jared Irwin, David Brydie Mitchell, George Rockingham Gilmer, M. Hoke Smith, Joseph Mackey Brown, John M. Slaton and Eugene Talmadge, with Herman Talmadge serving two de facto distinct terms).

The longest-serving governors are George Busbee, Joe Frank Harris, Zell Miller, Sonny Perdue and Nathan Deal, each of whom served two full four-year terms; Joseph E. Brown, governor during the Civil War, was elected four times, serving seven and a half years. The shortest term of the post-revolutionary period is that of Matthew Talbot, who served 13 days after succeeding his predecessor, who died in office. Eugene Talmadge died in December 1946 before taking office in his second distinct term, leading to a dispute in which three people claimed the office.

Governors

Georgia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on January 2, 1788. Before it declared its independence, Georgia was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. It seceded from the Union on January 19, 1861, and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861. Following the end of the American Civil War, Georgia during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Georgia was readmitted to the Union on July 25, 1868; again expelled from Congress on March 3, 1869; and again readmitted on July 15, 1870.

The Rules and Regulations of the Colony, drafted in 1776, provided for a president to serve a term of 6 months. A formal constitution was drafted in 1777, providing for a governor to serve a term of one year, but no more than one year out of every three. The term was lengthened to two years in 1789, but with no term limit. The 1865 constitution required governors to take four years off after serving two terms, but that was quickly changed in the 1868 constitution, which allowed four-year terms with no limits. The term length was returned to the two-year term and limit of the 1865 constitution in 1877.

The 1945 constitution changed the length of terms to four years, with governors required to take four years off before running again, and it created the office of Lieutenant Governor of Georgia, who would exercise the powers of the governor should the office become vacant. This was changed in 1983 so that the lieutenant governor fully becomes governor in that circumstance. Before the creation of the office of lieutenant governor, the president of the senate (or, before 1789, the president of the executive council) would exercise the powers of governor. The 1983 constitution also allows governors to succeed themselves once, before having to wait four years to run again. The governor and the lieutenant governor are not officially elected on the same ticket.

No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor78910—111213—14151617101819202112192022232425262227282729303132333435363437383940414243444546474849505152535455565758595860596061626364656667686769——7071727374757677787980818283
[[File:Archibald Bulloch 1.jpg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"Archibald Bulloch
(1730–1777)
–
February 22, 1777
(died in office)None—Office did not exist
[[File:Button Gwinnett Portrait.png75px]]Button Gwinnett
(1735–1777)
–
May 8, 1777
(left office)None—
[[File:John Adam Treutlen.jpg75px]]John A. Treutlen
(1734–1782)
–
January 10, 1778
(left office)None—
[[File:Portrait_of_John_Houstoun.png75px]]John Houstoun
(1744–1796)
–
December 29, 1778
(fled from capture)None—
Competing governments*
–
August 6, 1779*Government in chaos
after fall of Savannah
[[File:John Wereat.jpg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"John Wereat
(d. 1799)
–
November 1779
(left office)None—
[[File:George Walton (ca 1749-1804).jpg75px]]George Walton
(d. 1804)
–
January 4, 1780
(left office)None—
[[File:Richard Howly portrait.jpg75px]]Richard Howly
(1740–1784)
–
February 5, 1780
(left office)None—
[[File:No image.svg75px]]George Wells
(d. 1780)
–
February 16, 1780
(died in office)None—
[[File:Stephen Heard.jpg75px]]Stephen Heard
(1740–1815)
–
August 18, 1781
(left office)None—
[[File:Gov. Brownson portrait.jpg75px]]Nathan Brownson
(1742–1796)
–
January 3, 1782
(term-limited)None1781
[[File:No image.svg75px]]John Martin
(d. 1786)
–
January 8, 1783
(term-limited)None1782
[[File:Lyman Hall.jpg75px]]Lyman Hall
(1724–1790)
–
January 9, 1784
(term-limited)None1783
[[File:Portrait_of_John_Houstoun.png75px]]John Houstoun
(1744–1796)
–
January 6, 1785
(term-limited)None1784
[[File:SamuelElbert01.jpg75px]]Samuel Elbert
(1740–1788)
–
January 9, 1786
(term-limited)None1785
Edward Telfair
(1735–1807)
–
January 9, 1787
(term-limited)None1786
[[File:Gen._George_Mathews_profile.png75px]]George Mathews
(1739–1812)
–
January 26, 1788
(term-limited)None1787
[[File:No image.svg75px]]George Handley
(1752–1793)
–
January 7, 1789
(term-limited)None1788
[[File:George Walton.jpg75px]]Democratic-Republican Party}}";George Walton
(d. 1804)
–
November 9, 1789
(did not run)Democratic-
RepublicanJan. 1789
Edward Telfair
(1735–1807)
–
November 7, 1793
(lost election)Democratic-
RepublicanNov. 1789
1791
[[File:Gen._George_Mathews_profile.png75px]]George Mathews
(1739–1812)
–
January 15, 1796
(did not run)Democratic-
Republican1793
[[File:Jared Irwin.jpg75px]]Jared Irwin
(1750–1818)
–
January 12, 1798
(did not run)Democratic-
Republican1795
[[File:JamesJackson.jpg75px]]James Jackson
(1757–1806)
–
March 3, 1801
(resigned)Democratic-
Republican1797
1799
[[File:No image.svg75px]]David Emanuel
(1744–1808)
–
November 7, 1801
(did not run)Democratic-
RepublicanSucceeded from
president of
the Senate
[[File:No image.svg75px]]Josiah Tattnall
(d. 1803)
–
November 4, 1802
(resigned)Democratic-
Republican1801
[[File:JohnMilledge.jpg75px]]John Milledge
(1757–1818)
–
September 23, 1806
(resigned)Democratic-
Republican1802
(special)
1803
1805
[[File:Jared Irwin.jpg75px]]Jared Irwin
(1750–1818)
–
November 10, 1809
(lost election)Democratic-
RepublicanSucceeded from
president of
the Senate
1807
[[File:Davidbrydiemitchell.jpg75px]]David Brydie Mitchell
(1766–1837)
–
November 5, 1813
(did not run)Democratic-
Republican1809
1811
[[File:GovernorPeterEarly.jpg75px]]Peter Early
(1773–1817)
–
November 10, 1815
(lost election)Democratic-
Republican1813
[[File:Davidbrydiemitchell.jpg75px]]David Brydie Mitchell
(1766–1837)
–
March 4, 1817
(resigned)Democratic-
Republican1815
[[File:No image.svg75px]]William Rabun
(1771–1819)
–
October 24, 1819
(died in office)Democratic-
RepublicanSucceeded from
president of
the Senate
1817
[[File:GovernorMTalbot.jpg75px]]Matthew Talbot
(1767–1827)
–
November 5, 1819
(successor took office)Democratic-
RepublicanSucceeded from
president of
the Senate
[[File:John Clark.jpg75px]]John Clark
(1766–1832)
–
November 7, 1823
(did not run)Democratic-
Republican1819
1821
[[File:George M. Troup.jpg75px]]George Troup
(1780–1856)
–
November 7, 1827
(did not run)Troup Democratic-
Republican1823
1825
[[File:John Forsyth US Secretary of State.jpg75px]]John Forsyth
(1780–1841)
–
November 4, 1829
(did not run)Troup Democratic-
Republican1827
[[File:George Rockingham Gilmer.jpg75px]]George Rockingham Gilmer
(1790–1859)
–
November 9, 1831
(lost election)Troup Democratic-
Republican1829
[[File:Wilson Lumpkin.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}}";Wilson Lumpkin
(1783–1870)
–
November 4, 1835
(did not run)Union
(Democratic)1831
1833
[[File:William Schley.jpg75px]]William Schley
(1786–1858)
–
November 8, 1837
(lost election)Union
(Democratic)1835
[[File:George Rockingham Gilmer.jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}}";George Rockingham Gilmer
(1790–1859)
–
November 6, 1839
(did not run)State Rights
(Whig)1837
[[File:CharlesJamesMcDonald (cropped).jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}}";Charles James McDonald
(1793–1860)
–
November 8, 1843
(did not run)Union
(Democratic)1839
1841
[[File:GeorgeWCrawford.jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}}";George W. Crawford
(1798–1872)
–
November 3, 1847
(did not run)Whig1843
1845
[[File:GeorgeWashTowns.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}}";George W. Towns
(1801–1854)
–
November 5, 1851
(did not run)Democratic1847
1849
[[File:Howell Cobb-crop.jpg75px]]Unionist Party (United States)}}";Howell Cobb
(1815–1868)
–
November 9, 1853
(did not run)Constitutional
Union1851
[[File:Herschel V. Johnson cph.3a02862.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}}";Herschel V. Johnson
(1812–1880)
–
November 6, 1857
(did not run)Democratic1853
1855
[[File:Joseph Emerson Brown.jpg75px]]Joseph E. Brown
(1821–1894)
–
June 17, 1865
(resigned)Democratic1857
1859
1861
1863
[[File:James Johnson (Georgia politician).jpg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"James Johnson
(1811–1891)
–
December 19, 1865
(provisional term ended)Provisional governor
appointed by President
[[File:CharJenkins.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}}";Charles J. Jenkins
(1805–1883)
–
January 13, 1868
(removed from office)Democratic1865
[[File:Thomas H. Ruger (cropped).jpg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"Thomas H. Ruger
(1833–1907)
–
July 4, 1868
(state readmitted)Military occupation
[[File:Rufus Bullock - Brady-Handy.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}}";Rufus Bullock
(1834–1907)
–
October 30, 1871
(resigned)Republican1868
[[File:Benjamin Conley.jpg75px]]Benjamin F. Conley
(1815–1886)
–
January 12, 1872
(successor took office)RepublicanPresident of
the Senate
acting
[[File:JamesMiltonSmith.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}}";James Milton Smith
(1823–1890)
–
January 12, 1877
(did not run)Democratic1871
(special)
1872
[[File:Alfred Holt Colquitt.jpg75px]]Alfred H. Colquitt
(1824–1894)
–
November 4, 1882
(did not run)Democratic1876
1880
[[File:Alexander Stephens.jpg75px]]Alexander H. Stephens
(1812–1883)
–
March 4, 1883
(died in office)Democratic1882
[[File:James S. Boynton.jpg75px]]James S. Boynton
(1833–1902)
–
May 10, 1883
(successor took office)DemocraticPresident of
the Senate
acting
[[File:HenryDickersonMcDaniel.jpg75px]]Henry Dickerson McDaniel
(1836–1926)
–
November 9, 1886
(did not run)Democratic1883
(special)
1884
[[File:Jbgordon.jpg75px]]John B. Gordon
(1832–1904)
–
November 8, 1890
(term-limited)Democratic1886
1888
[[File:William J. Northen.jpg75px]]William J. Northen
(1835–1913)
–
October 27, 1894
(term-limited)Democratic1890
1892
[[File:William Yates Atkinson.jpg75px]]William Yates Atkinson
(1854–1899)
–
October 29, 1898
(term-limited)Democratic1894
1896
[[File:Allen D. Candler.jpg75px]]Allen D. Candler
(1834–1910)
–
October 25, 1902
(term-limited)Democratic1898
1900
[[File:JosephMTerrell.jpg75px]]Joseph M. Terrell
(1861–1912)
–
June 29, 1907
(term-limited)Democratic1902
1904
[[File:Hoke Smith cph.3a02321 (3x4b).jpg75px]]M. Hoke Smith
(1855–1931)
–
June 26, 1909
(lost nomination)Democratic1906
[[File:JosephMacBrown (cropped).jpg75px]]Joseph Mackey Brown
(1851–1932)
–
July 1, 1911
(lost election)Democratic1908
[[File:Hoke Smith cph.3a02321 (3x4b).jpg75px]]M. Hoke Smith
(1855–1931)
–
November 15, 1911
(resigned)Democratic1910
[[File:John Marshall Slaton.jpg75px]]John M. Slaton
(1866–1955)
–
January 25, 1912
(successor took office)DemocraticPresident of
the Senate
acting
[[File:JosephMacBrown (cropped).jpg75px]]Joseph Mackey Brown
(1851–1932)
–
June 28, 1913
(did not run)Democratic1912
(special)
[[File:John Marshall Slaton.jpg75px]]John M. Slaton
(1866–1955)
–
June 26, 1915
(did not run)Democratic1912
[[File:Nathaniel Harris 1882.png75px]]Nathaniel Edwin Harris
(1846–1929)
–
June 30, 1917
(lost nomination)Democratic1914
[[File:Hugh Dorsey.jpg75px]]Hugh Dorsey
(1871–1948)
–
June 25, 1921
(term-limited)Democratic1916
1918
[[File:Senator Thomas Hardwick.jpg75px]]Thomas W. Hardwick
(1872–1944)
–
June 30, 1923
(lost nomination)Democratic1920
[[File:GovernorCliffWalker (3x4).jpg75px]]Clifford Walker
(1877–1954)
–
June 25, 1927
(term-limited)Democratic1922
1924
[[File:Hardman222.jpg75px]]Lamartine Griffin Hardman
(1856–1937)
–
June 27, 1931
(term-limited)Democratic1926
1928
[[File:Richard Brevard Russell.jpg75px]]Richard B. Russell Jr.
(1897–1971)
–
January 10, 1933
(did not run)Democratic1930
[[File:Eugene Talmadge, Georgia Governor.jpg75px]]Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
–
January 12, 1937
(term-limited)Democratic1932
1934
[[File:E. D. Rivers Georgia Governor.jpg75px]]Eurith D. Rivers
(1895–1967)
–
January 14, 1941
(term-limited)Democratic1936
1938
[[File:Eugene Talmadge, Georgia Governor.jpg75px]]Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
–
January 12, 1943
(lost nomination)Democratic1940
[[File:Ellis Arnall cropped.png75px]]Ellis Arnall
(1907–1992)
–
January 14, 1947
(term-limited)Democratic1942
[[File:Eugene Talmadge, Georgia Governor.jpg75px]]Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
*Died before
taking office*Democratic1946Democratic Party (United States)}}";
[[File:HermanTalmadge.jpg75px]]Herman Talmadge
(1913–2002)
–
March 19, 1947
(removed from office)Democratic
[[File:Melvin Thompson.png75px]]Melvin E. Thompson
(1903–1980)
–
November 17, 1948
(lost nomination)DemocraticSucceeded from
lieutenant
governorVacant
[[File:HermanTalmadge.jpg75px]]Herman Talmadge
(1913–2002)
–
January 11, 1955
(term-limited)Democratic1948
(special)Democratic Party (United States)}}";
1950
[[File:Marvingriffin (cropped).gif75px]]Marvin Griffin
(1907–1982)
–
January 13, 1959
(term-limited)Democratic1954
[[File:Ernest Vandiver (1962).jpg75px]]Ernest Vandiver
(1918–2005)
–
January 15, 1963
(term-limited)Democratic1958
[[File:Carl Sanders.jpg75px]]Carl Sanders
(1925–2014)
–
January 11, 1967
(term-limited)Democratic1962
[[File:Lester Maddox.jpg75px]]Lester Maddox
(1915–2003)
–
January 12, 1971
(term-limited)Democratic1966
[[File:Jimmy Carter official portrait as Governor.jpg75px]]Jimmy Carter
(1924–2024)
–
January 14, 1975
(term-limited)Democratic1970
[[File:George Busbee.jpg75px]]George Busbee
(1927–2004)
–
January 11, 1983
(term-limited)Democratic1974
1978
[[File:Joe Frank Harris.jpg75px]]Joe Frank Harris
(b. 1936)
–
January 14, 1991
(term-limited)Democratic1982
1986
[[File:Zell B Miller (cropped).jpg75px]]Zell Miller
(1932–2018)
–
January 11, 1999
(term-limited)Democratic1990
1994
[[File:Roy Barnes concession speech (cropped).jpg75px]]Roy Barnes
(b. 1948)
–
January 13, 2003
(lost election)Democratic1998
[[File:Sonny Perdue at rally.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}}";Sonny Perdue
(b. 1946)
–
January 10, 2011
(term-limited)Republican2002
2006Republican Party (United States)}}";
[[File:Nathan Deal, April 25, 2017 (cropped).jpg75px]]Nathan Deal
(b. 1942)
–
January 14, 2019
(term-limited)Republican2010
2014
[[File:Brian Kemp 2023.jpg75px]]Brian Kemp
(b. 1963)
–
IncumbentRepublican2018
2022

Notes

References

General

  • A History of Georgia, second ed. Kenneth Coleman, general editor. University of Georgia Press: 1991.

Constitutions

Specific

References

  1. "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Georgia; January 2, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
  2. "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". [[University of Houston]].
  3. [http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html#p1 Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America] {{webarchive. link. (August 20, 2016 , accessed July 8, 2015)
  4. Meyers, Christopher C.. (2008). "The Empire State of the South". Mercer University Press.
  5. {{cite EB1911
  6. {{usstat. 16. 363
  7. 1776 Const. art. I
  8. 1777 Const. art. XXIII
  9. 1789 Const. art. II, § 1
  10. 1865 Const. art III, § 1
  11. 1877 Const. art V, § 1
  12. 1945 Const. art. V, § 1
  13. GA Const. art. V, § 1
  14. 1777 Const. art. XXIX
  15. 1789 Const. art. II, § 4
  16. (1978). "Georgia Official and Statistical Register, 1977-78". Georgia Department of Archives and History.
  17. "Archibald Bulloch". [[National Governors Association]].
  18. Schmidt, Jim. (January 23, 2019). "Archibald Bulloch".
  19. (1990). "Georgia Official and Statistical Register, 1989–90". Georgia Department of Archives and History.
  20. "Button Gwinnett". [[National Governors Association]].
  21. Deaton, Stan. (August 1, 2019). "Button Gwinnett".
  22. "John Adam Treutlen". [[National Governors Association]].
  23. Schmidt, Jim. (February 21, 2018). "John Adam Treutlen".
  24. "John Houstoun". [[National Governors Association]].
  25. Schmidt, Jim. (December 10, 2019). "John Houstoun".
  26. (2009). "Autobiography of a Colony: The First Half-Century of Augusta, Georgia". [[University of Georgia Press]].
  27. "Political Changes in Georgia 1775–1787". [[Georgia Department of Education]].
  28. "John Wereat". [[National Governors Association]].
  29. Lamplugh, George R.. (September 15, 2014). "John Wereat".
  30. "George Walton". [[National Governors Association]].
  31. Deaton, Stan. (February 21, 2018). "George Walton".
  32. "Richard Howly". [[National Governors Association]].
  33. Cashin, Edward J.. (1974). "'The Famous Colonel Wells': Factionalism in Revolutionary Georgia". The Georgia Historical Quarterly.
  34. "Stephen Heard". [[National Governors Association]].
  35. Ouzts, Clay. (October 28, 2016). "Stephen Heard".
  36. Woodall, W. C.. (1967-01-16). "In Sixty Days, Four Governors!". The Columbus Ledger.
  37. "Nathan Brownson". [[National Governors Association]].
  38. Schmidt, Jim. (September 16, 2014). "Nathan Brownson".
  39. "1777 Ga. Const. art. XXIII".
  40. "John Martin". [[National Governors Association]].
  41. Schmidt, Jim. (September 15, 2014). "John Martin".
  42. "Lyman Hall". [[National Governors Association]].
  43. Deaton, Stan. (February 21, 2018). "Lyman Hall".
  44. "Samuel Elbert". [[National Governors Association]].
  45. Diamond, Beryl I.. (September 17, 2014). "Samuel Elbert".
  46. "Edward Telfair". [[National Governors Association]].
  47. Johnson, Charles J.. (May 16, 2015). "Edward Telfair".
  48. "George Mathews". [[National Governors Association]].
  49. Ebel, Carol. (September 11, 2014). "George Mathews".
  50. "George Handley". [[National Governors Association]].
  51. Hulett, Keith. (September 9, 2014). "George Handley".
  52. 1789 Const. art. 2, § 1
  53. "Jared Irwin". [[National Governors Association]].
  54. Rohrer, Katherine E.. (September 15, 2014). "Jared Irwin".
  55. "James Jackson". [[National Governors Association]].
  56. Lamplugh, George R.. (September 15, 2014). "James Jackson".
  57. "David Emanuel". [[National Governors Association]].
  58. Brown, Russell K.. (September 2, 2016). "David Emanuel".
  59. "Josiah Tattnall". [[National Governors Association]].
  60. Brown, Russell K.. (September 15, 2014). "Josiah Tattnall".
  61. "John Milledge". [[National Governors Association]].
  62. Myers, Barton. (September 15, 2014). "John Milledge".
  63. "Georgia 1802 Governor, Special". [[Tufts University]].
  64. "David Brydie Mitchell". [[National Governors Association]].
  65. Rohrer, Katherine E.. (February 16, 2018). "David B. Mitchell".
  66. "Peter Early". [[National Governors Association]].
  67. Hulett, Keith. (May 14, 2013). "Peter Early".
  68. "William Rabun". [[National Governors Association]].
  69. Luckett, Robert E.. (May 14, 2013). "William Rabun".
  70. "Matthew Talbot". [[National Governors Association]].
  71. "John Clark". [[National Governors Association]].
  72. Floyd, Christopher J.. (September 15, 2014). "John Clark".
  73. "George Michael Troup". [[National Governors Association]].
  74. Saba, Natalie D.. (September 11, 2014). "George Troup".
  75. "John Forsyth". [[National Governors Association]].
  76. Luckett, Robert E.. (September 15, 2014). "John Forsyth".
  77. "George Rockingham Gilmer". [[National Governors Association]].
  78. Rohrer, Katherine E.. (May 13, 2013). "George R. Gilmer".
  79. "Wilson Lumpkin". [[National Governors Association]].
  80. Tate, Benjamin B.. (September 25, 2014). "Wilson Lumpkin".
  81. "William Schley". [[National Governors Association]].
  82. Brown, Russell K.. (August 6, 2013). "William Schley".
  83. "Charles James McDonald". [[National Governors Association]].
  84. Luckett, Robert E.. (September 5, 2014). "Charles McDonald".
  85. "George Walker Crawford". [[National Governors Association]].
  86. Summerlin, Donnie. (December 9, 2013). "George W. Crawford".
  87. "George Washington Towns". [[National Governors Association]].
  88. Hulett, Keith. (August 20, 2013). "George W. Towns".
  89. "Howell Cobb". [[National Governors Association]].
  90. Reid, R. L.. (September 20, 2018). "Howell Cobb".
  91. Murray, Paul. (1945). "Party Organization in Georgia Politics 1825-1853". The Georgia Historical Quarterly.
  92. "Herschel Vespasian Johnson". [[National Governors Association]].
  93. Morgan, Chad. (June 8, 2017). "Herschel Johnson".
  94. "Joseph Emerson Brown". [[National Governors Association]].
  95. Boney, F. N.. (September 30, 2020). "Joseph E. Brown".
  96. "James Johnson". [[National Governors Association]].
  97. Davis, Matthew. (November 12, 2019). "James Johnson".
  98. "Charles Jones Jenkins". [[National Governors Association]].
  99. Brown, Russell K.. (July 15, 2020). "Charles Jones Jenkins".
  100. "Thomas Howard Ruger". [[National Governors Association]].
  101. Davis, Matthew. (June 8, 2017). "Thomas Ruger".
  102. "Rufus Brown Bullock". [[National Governors Association]].
  103. Duncan, Russell. (June 8, 2017). "Rufus Bullock".
  104. (1868-07-04). "Georgia: Removals and Appointments". The Portland Daily Press.
  105. (1871-10-31). "Gov. Bullock Resigns". Leavenworth Daily Commercial.
  106. 1868 Const. art. IV, § 1
  107. "Benjamin F. Conley". [[National Governors Association]].
  108. "James Milton Smith". [[National Governors Association]].
  109. Hulett, Keith. (September 29, 2020). "James M. Smith".
  110. "Alfred Holt Colquitt". [[National Governors Association]].
  111. Myers, Barton. (April 14, 2016). "Alfred H. Colquitt".
  112. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1877 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl402-b1877 45], accessed August 11, 2023
  113. 1877 Const. art. 5, § 1 par. 2
  114. "Alexander Hamilton Stephens". [[National Governors Association]].
  115. Morgan, Chad. (June 6, 2017). "Alexander Stephens".
  116. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1882 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl402-b1882 48], accessed August 11, 2023
  117. "James Boynton". [[National Governors Association]].
  118. (1883-03-06). "Gov. Boynton". Ledger-Enquirer.
  119. "Henry Dickerson McDaniel". [[National Governors Association]].
  120. Luckett, Robert E.. (July 23, 2018). "Henry McDaniel".
  121. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1883 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1883 20], accessed August 12, 2023
  122. "John Brown Gordon". [[National Governors Association]].
  123. Groce, W. Todd. (June 8, 2017). "John B. Gordon".
  124. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1886 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1886 101], accessed August 12, 2023
  125. "1877 Ga. Const. art. V, § 1".
  126. "William Jonathan Northen". [[National Governors Association]].
  127. Cater, Casey P.. (March 11, 2020). "William J. Northen".
  128. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1890 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1890 95], accessed August 12, 2023
  129. "William Yates Atkinson". [[National Governors Association]].
  130. Hulett, Keith. (September 25, 2014). "William Y. Atkinson".
  131. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1894 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1894 68], accessed August 12, 2023
  132. "Allen D. Candler". [[National Governors Association]].
  133. Luckett, Robert E.. (March 20, 2021). "Allen D. Candler".
  134. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1898 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1898 93], accessed August 13, 2023
  135. "Joseph Meriwether Terrell". [[National Governors Association]].
  136. Hulett, Keith. (September 8, 2016). "Joseph M. Terrell".
  137. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1902 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1902 117], accessed August 13, 2023
  138. "Hoke Smith". [[National Governors Association]].
  139. Maysilles, Duncan. (November 10, 2021). "Hoke Smith".
  140. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1907 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1907 166], accessed August 13, 2023
  141. "Joseph Mackey Brown". [[National Governors Association]].
  142. Myers, Barton. (March 11, 2020). "Joseph M. Brown".
  143. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1909 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1909 218], accessed August 13, 2023
  144. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1911 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1911 203], accessed August 13, 2023
  145. "John Marshall Slaton". [[National Governors Association]].
  146. Galloway, Tammy H.. (September 15, 2014). "John M. Slaton".
  147. (1911-11-16). "Slaton Becomes Governor Today". The Atlanta Constitution.
  148. (1912-01-26). "Brown Inducted As Governor by Simple Service". The Atlanta Constitution.
  149. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1913 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1913 150], accessed August 14, 2023
  150. "Nathaniel Edwin Harris". [[National Governors Association]].
  151. Myers, Barton. (May 14, 2013). "Nathaniel E. Harris".
  152. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1915 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1915 245], accessed August 14, 2023
  153. "Hugh Manson Dorsey". [[National Governors Association]].
  154. Stallings, Patricia. (May 4, 2021). "Hugh M. Dorsey".
  155. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1917 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1917 322], accessed August 14, 2023
  156. "Thomas William Hardwick". [[National Governors Association]].
  157. Luckett, Robert E.. (August 25, 2020). "Thomas Hardwick".
  158. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1921 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1921 220], accessed August 14, 2023
  159. "Clifford Mitchell Walker". [[National Governors Association]].
  160. Huff, Christopher Allen. (September 11, 2019). "Clifford Walker".
  161. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1923 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1923 221], accessed August 14, 2023
  162. "Lamartine Griffin Hardman". [[National Governors Association]].
  163. Chapman, David A.. (March 11, 2020). "Lamartine Hardman".
  164. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1927 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1927 193], accessed August 14, 2023
  165. "Richard Brevard Russell". [[National Governors Association]].
  166. Vogt, Sheryl B.. (September 9, 2019). "Richard B. Russel Jr.".
  167. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1931 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1931 212], accessed August 14, 2023
  168. "Eugene Talmadge". [[National Governors Association]].
  169. Henderson, Harold Paulk. (September 9, 2019). "Eugene Talmadge".
  170. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1933 special sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1933 203], accessed August 14, 2023
  171. "Eurith Dickinson Rivers". [[National Governors Association]].
  172. Patton, Randall L.. (April 5, 2021). "E. D. Rivers".
  173. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1937 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1937-bv-p1 509], accessed August 14, 2023
  174. Georgia Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1941 special sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1941 32], accessed August 14, 2023
  175. "Ellis Gibbs Arnall". [[National Governors Association]].
  176. Henderson, Harold Paulk. (August 19, 2020). "Ellis Arnall".
  177. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1943 special sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1943 34], accessed August 14, 2023
  178. "1945 Ga. Const. art. V, § 1".
  179. Buchanan, Scott E.. (October 5, 2021). "Three Governors Controversy". [[New Georgia Encyclopedia]].
  180. "Herman Eugene Talmadge". [[National Governors Association]].
  181. Buchanan, Scott E.. (August 14, 2020). "Herman Talmadge".
  182. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1947 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1947 43], accessed August 14, 2023
  183. "Melvin Ernest Thompson". [[National Governors Association]].
  184. Henderson, Harold Paulk. (August 10, 2018). "Melvin E. Thompson".
  185. (1947-03-19). "Court Says Assembly Lacked Jurisdiction". The Atlanta Journal.
  186. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. November 1948 special sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1950 42], accessed August 14, 2023
  187. "Samuel Marvin Griffin". [[National Governors Association]].
  188. Buchanan, Scott E.. (April 14, 2021). "Marvin Griffin".
  189. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1955 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1955 37], accessed August 14, 2023
  190. "Samuel Ernest Vandiver". [[National Governors Association]].
  191. Henderson, Harold Paulk. (April 5, 2021). "Ernest Vandiver Jr.".
  192. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1959 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl404-b1959 31], accessed August 14, 2023
  193. "Carl Edward Sanders". [[National Governors Association]].
  194. Cook, James F.. (March 27, 2021). "Carl Sanders".
  195. Georgia General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1963 sess., [http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ggp/id:y-ga-bl402-b1963 88], accessed August 14, 2023
  196. "Lester Garfield Maddox". [[National Governors Association]].
  197. Nystrom, Justin. (August 11, 2020). "Lester Maddox".
  198. Riner, Duane. (1967-01-12). "Progressive Aims Cheer Leaders". The Atlanta Constitution.
  199. "Jimmy Earl Carter". [[National Governors Association]].
  200. Fink, Gary M.. (November 3, 2020). "Jimmy Carter".
  201. Shipp, Bill. (1971-01-13). "Carter Is Sworn In, Says Bias Must End". The Atlanta Constitution.
  202. "George Dekle Busbee". [[National Governors Association]].
  203. Cook, James F.. (July 13, 2018). "George Busbee".
  204. Granum, Rex. (1975-01-15). "Busbee Inaugurated, Issues Unity Call". The Atlanta Constitution.
  205. "1976 Ga. Const. art. V, § 1".
  206. "Joe Frank Harris". [[National Governors Association]].
  207. Buchanan, Scott E.. (July 23, 2018). "Joe Frank Harris".
  208. Palmer, Prentice. (1983-01-12). "Harris Vows To Run Tight Ship". The Atlanta Constitution.
  209. "Ga. Const. art. V, § 1".
  210. "Zell Miller". [[National Governors Association]].
  211. Grant, Chris. (June 4, 2018). "Zell Miller".
  212. Cummings, Jeanne. (1991-01-15). "Cannons, Country Music for Miller". The Atlanta Constitution.
  213. "Roy E. Barnes". [[National Governors Association]].
  214. Brooks, F. Erik. (May 14, 2013). "Roy Barnes".
  215. Pruitt, Kathey. (1999-01-12). "Barnes Bows To Target Sprawl, Education, Health Care, Taxes". The Atlanta Constitution.
  216. "Sonny Perdue". [[National Governors Association]].
  217. Hulbert, Matthew C.. (June 14, 2022). "Sonny Perdue".
  218. Galloway, Jim. (2003-01-14). "'A New Day for Georgia': Republican Governor Takes Control As Parties Split House, Senate". The Atlanta Constitution.
  219. "Nathan Deal". [[National Governors Association]].
  220. McKee, Sarah E.. (January 17, 2019). "Nathan Deal".
  221. Sheinin, Aaron Gould. (2011-01-11). "Deal Vows Era of Frugality". The Atlanta Constitution.
  222. "Brian Kemp". [[National Governors Association]].
  223. Bluestein, Greg. (2019-01-15). "'I Will Fight for All Georgians': In His Inauguration Speech, Gov. Brian Kemp Pledges To Work With Democrats To Unite the State". The Atlanta Constitution.
  224. Hurt, Emma. (2023-01-12). "Brian Kemp inaugurated to a second term as Georgia governor". Axios.
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