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List of governors of Florida

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The governor of Florida is the head of government of the U.S. state of Florida. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the government of Florida and is the commander-in-chief of the Florida National Guard and Florida State Guard.

The current officeholder is Ron DeSantis, a member of the Republican Party who took office on January 8, 2019.

List of governors

Military governor

The United States acquired Spanish Florida from Spain by the terms of the Adams–Onís Treaty, which took effect February 22, 1821, after its ratification by both parties to the treaty. Parts of West Florida had already been assigned to Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi; the remainder and East Florida were governed by a military commissioner with the powers of governor until the territory was organized and incorporated.

No.CommissionerTerm in officeAppointed by1
[[File:Andrew Jackson 1819 by Rembrandt Peale (3x4 cropped).webp75px]]Andrew Jackson
(1767–1845)
March 10, 1821
–
December 31, 1821
(resigned)James Monroe

Territory of Florida

Florida Territory was organized on March 30, 1822, combining East and West Florida.

No.GovernorTerm in officeAppointed by123456
[[File:2 Duval.jpg75px]]William Pope Duval
(1784–1854)
–
April 17, 1834
(successor appointed)
[[File:John Eaton.jpg75px]]John Eaton
(1790–1856)
–
March 16, 1836
(successor appointed)
[[File:Richard Keith Call (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Richard K. Call
(1792–1862)
–
December 2, 1839
(successor appointed)
[[File:Robert Raymond Reid.jpg75px]]Robert R. Reid
(1789–1841)
–
March 19, 1841
(successor appointed)
[[File:Richard Keith Call (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Richard K. Call
(1792–1862)
{{efnCall was appointed on March 19, 1841, during a Senate recess; nominated on June 17;
[[File:John Branch.jpg75px]]John Branch
(1782–1863)
–
June 25, 1845
(statehood)

State of Florida

The State of Florida was admitted to the Union on March 3, 1845. It seceded from the Union on January 10, 1861, and joined the Confederate States of America on February 8, 1861, as a founding member. Following the end of the American Civil War, it was part of the Third Military District. Florida was readmitted to the Union on June 25, 1868.

The Florida Constitution of 1838 provided that a governor be elected every 4 years, who was not allowed to serve consecutive terms. The secessionist constitution of 1861 would have reduced this to two years and removed the term limit, but the state fell to the Union before the first election under that constitution. The rejected constitution of 1865 and the ratified constitution of 1868 maintained the four-year term, though without the earlier term limit, which was reintroduced in the 1885 constitution. The current constitution of 1968 states that should the governor serve, or would have served had he not resigned, more than six years in two consecutive terms, he cannot be elected to the succeeding term. The start of a term was set in 1885 at the first Tuesday after the first Monday in the January following the election, where it has remained.

Originally, the president of the state senate acted as governor should that office be vacant. The 1865 and 1868 constitutions created the office of lieutenant governor, who would similarly act as governor. This office was abolished in 1885, with the president of the senate again taking on that duty. The 1968 constitution recreated the office of lieutenant governor, who now becomes governor in the absence of the governor. The governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same ticket.

Florida was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only one candidate from the Whig Party (the Democrats' chief opposition at the time). It elected three Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 90 years passed before voters chose another Republican. Since 1998, it has been a strongly Republican state.

No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor123456—78910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546
[[File:8 Moseley.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"William Dunn Moseley
(1795–1863)
–
October 1, 1849
(term-limited)Democratic1845Office did not exist
[[File:Florida Governor Thomas Brown.jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}};"Thomas Brown
(1785–1867)
–
October 3, 1853
(term-limited)Whig1848
[[File:Florida Governor James E. Broome.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"James E. Broome
(1808–1883)
–
October 5, 1857
(term-limited)Democratic1852
[[File:Florida Governor Madison S. Perry.jpg75px]]Madison S. Perry
(1814–1865)
–
October 7, 1861
(term-limited)Democratic1856
[[File:John Milton Florida.jpg75px]]John Milton
(1807–1865)
–
April 1, 1865
(died in office)Democratic1860
[[File:Florida Governor Abraham K. Allison (cropped).jpg75px]]Abraham K. Allison
(1810–1893)
–
May 19, 1865
(resigned)DemocraticPresident of
the Senate
acting
Vacant**
–
July 13, 1865Office vacated
after civil war
[[File:Florida Governor William Marvin.jpg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"William Marvin
(1808–1902)
–
December 20, 1865
(provisional term ended)Provisional governor
appointed by President
[[File:Florida Governor David S. Walker.jpg75px]]Conservative Party (US)}};"David S. Walker
(1815–1891)
–
July 4, 1868
(did not run)Conservative1865Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Governor Harrison Reed of Florida.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Harrison Reed
(1813–1899)
{{efnReed was popularly elected under the terms of the 1868 constitution, and took the oath of office on June 8, 1868;Republican1868
(removed December 14, 1868)
Vacant
Republican Party (United States)}};"
(appointed January 24, 1870)
(term ended December 27, 1870)
(took office December 27, 1870)
[[File:Florida Governor Ossian B. Hart (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Ossian B. Hart
(1821–1874)
–
March 18, 1874
(died in office)Republican1872
[[File:Florida Governor Marcellus Stearns.png75px]]Marcellus Stearns
(1839–1891)
–
January 2, 1877
(lost election)RepublicanLieutenant
governor
actingActing as governor
[[File:Florida Governor George Franklin Drew.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"George Franklin Drew
(1827–1900)
–
January 4, 1881
(did not run)Democratic1876Democratic Party (United States)}};"
(resigned March 3, 1879)
Vacant
[[File:Florida Governor William Bloxham (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]William D. Bloxham
(1835–1911)
–
January 6, 1885
(lost nomination)Democratic1880Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Florida Governor Edward A. Perry (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Edward A. Perry
(1831–1889)
–
January 8, 1889
(term-limited)Democratic1884
[[File:FPFleming (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Francis P. Fleming
(1841–1908)
–
January 3, 1893
(term-limited)Democratic1888Office did not exist
[[File:Henry L Mitchell (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Henry L. Mitchell
(1831–1903)
–
January 5, 1897
(term-limited)Democratic1892
[[File:Florida Governor William Bloxham (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]William D. Bloxham
(1835–1911)
–
January 8, 1901
(term-limited)Democratic1896
[[File:William Sherman Jennings (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]William Sherman Jennings
(1863–1920)
–
January 3, 1905
(term-limited)Democratic1900
[[File:N.B. Broward, cameo portrait (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Napoleon B. Broward
(1857–1910)
–
January 5, 1909
(term-limited)Democratic1904
[[File:Florida Governor Albert W. Gilchrist (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Albert W. Gilchrist
(1858–1926)
–
January 7, 1913
(term-limited)Democratic1908
[[File:Park Trammell (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Park Trammell
(1876–1936)
–
January 2, 1917
(term-limited)Democratic1912
[[File:Sidney Johnston Catts in 1916 (cropped).jpg75px]]Prohibition Party (United States)}};"Sidney Johnston Catts
(1863–1936)
–
January 4, 1921
(term-limited)Prohibition1916
[[File:Cary Hardee portrait.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Cary A. Hardee
(1876–1957)
–
January 6, 1925
(term-limited)Democratic1920
[[File:Florida Governor John Martin.jpg75px]]John W. Martin
(1884–1958)
–
January 8, 1929
(term-limited)Democratic1924
[[File:Doyle E. Carlton (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Doyle E. Carlton
(1885–1972)
–
January 3, 1933
(term-limited)Democratic1928
[[File:David Sholtz.jpg75px]]David Sholtz
(1891–1953)
–
January 5, 1937
(term-limited)Democratic1932
[[File:Florida Governor Frederick Cone (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Fred P. Cone
(1871–1948)
–
January 7, 1941
(term-limited)Democratic1936
[[File:Sen Spessard Holland (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Spessard Holland
(1892–1971)
–
January 2, 1945
(term-limited)Democratic1940
[[File:Millard F. Caldwell (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Millard Caldwell
(1897–1984)
–
January 4, 1949
(term-limited)Democratic1944
[[File:37 Warren (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Fuller Warren
(1905–1973)
–
January 6, 1953
(term-limited)Democratic1948
[[File:Daniel T. McCarty (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Daniel T. McCarty
(1912–1953)
–
September 28, 1953
(died in office)Democratic1952
[[File:Charley Eugene Johns 1963 (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Charley Eugene Johns
(1905–1990)
–
January 4, 1955
(lost nomination)DemocraticPresident of
the Senate
acting
[[File:LeRoy Collins sl148 (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]LeRoy Collins
(1909–1991)
–
January 3, 1961
(term-limited)Democratic1954
(special)
1956
[[File:C. Farris Bryant (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]C. Farris Bryant
(1914–2002)
–
January 5, 1965
(term-limited)Democratic1960
[[File:W Haydon Burns (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]W. Haydon Burns
(1912–1987)
–
January 3, 1967
(lost nomination)Democratic1964
[[File:Governor Claude R Kirk (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Claude R. Kirk Jr.
(1926–2011)
–
January 5, 1971
(lost election)Republican1966
Republican Party (United States)}};"
(office created January 7, 1969)
[[File:Governor Reubin Askew.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Reubin Askew
(1928–2014)
–
January 2, 1979
(term-limited)Democratic1970Democratic Party (United States)}};"
1974
[[File:Bob Graham, official Senate photo portrait, color (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Bob Graham
(1936–2024)
–
January 3, 1987
(resigned)Democratic1978
1982
[[File:Official Portrait of Wayne Mixson (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Wayne Mixson
(1922–2020)
–
January 6, 1987
(successor took office)DemocraticSucceeded from
lieutenant
governorVacant
[[File:Portrait of Gov. Bob Martinez (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Bob Martinez
(b. 1934)
–
January 8, 1991
(lost election)Republican1986Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Lawton Chiles Governor portrait (cropped).jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Lawton Chiles
(1930–1998)
–
December 12, 1998
(died in office)Democratic1990Democratic Party (United States)}};"
1994
[[File:Buddy MacKay portrait.jpg75px]]Buddy MacKay
(1933–2024)
–
January 5, 1999
(successor took office)DemocraticSucceeded from
lieutenant
governorVacant
[[File:Jeb Bush 1999 (cropped).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Jeb Bush
(b. 1953)
–
January 2, 2007
(term-limited)Republican1998Republican Party (United States)}};"
(resigned March 3, 2003)
2002
[[File:Charlie Crist official portrait crop.jpg75px]]Charlie Crist
(b. 1956)
–
January 4, 2011
(did not run)Republican2006
[[File:Governor Rick Scott 2013 (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Rick Scott
(b. 1952)
–
January 7, 2019
(term-limited)Republican2010
(resigned March 12, 2013)
Vacant
Republican Party (United States)}};"
(appointed February 3, 2014)
2014
[[File:Ron DeSantis official photo (cropped).jpg75px]]Ron DeSantis
(b. 1978)
–
IncumbentRepublican2018
(resigned February 16, 2025)
2022
Vacant
Republican Party (United States)}};"
(appointed August 12, 2025)

Acting governor

Florida has had a number of people serve as acting governor. The state's first three constitutions provided that the succession in office became operative whenever the governor was out of the state. Thus, in 1853 when Governor Thomas Brown attended an event in Boston—the Senate president who would normally succeed the governor at the time was also out of state. Therefore, the speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, A.K. Allison, became acting governor on September 16, 1853. He served for 17 days.

Article IV Section 3 (b) of the Florida Constitution now calls for the lieutenant governor to "act as Governor" during the governor's physical or mental incapacity. This provision has been invoked one time. On June 18, 2008, Governor Charlie Crist filed a proclamation with the secretary of state transferring power of governor to Lt. Governor Jeff Kottkamp pursuant to the constitutional provision while he underwent knee surgery.

Notes

References

;General

;Constitutions

;Specific

References

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  41. 1885 Const. art. IV, § 2
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  43. FL Const. art. IV, § 2
  44. 1838 Const. art III, § 18
  45. 1865 Const. art. III, § 19
  46. 1868 Const. art. V, § 15
  47. 1885 Const. art. IV, § 19
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  99. "William D. Bloxham".
  100. (1897-01-05). "Bloxham Is Inaugurated". The Atlanta Journal.
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  109. (1909-01-06). "Gilchrist Inaugurated As Governor of Florida". Pensacola News Journal.
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  114. "Sidney Catts".
  115. (1917-01-02). "Catts Today Becomes Governor of Florida". The Miami News.
  116. (January 6, 2015). "Cary Augustus Hardee". [[National Governors Association]].
  117. "Cary Hardee".
  118. (1921-01-04). "Hardee Is Inaugurated Governor". The Tampa Times.
  119. (January 6, 2015). "John Wellborn Martin". [[National Governors Association]].
  120. "John Martin".
  121. (1925-01-07). "Martin Inaugurated Florida's Governor As Hardee Retires". The Miami Herald.
  122. (January 6, 2015). "Doyle Elam Carlton". [[National Governors Association]].
  123. "Doyle Carlton".
  124. (1929-01-09). "Throng Sees Carlton Made Florida Chief". The Miami Herald.
  125. (January 6, 2015). "David Sholtz". [[National Governors Association]].
  126. "Dave Sholtz".
  127. (1933-01-03). "Sholtz Becomes Governor of Florida". Tallahassee Democrat.
  128. (January 6, 2015). "Frederick Preston Cone". [[National Governors Association]].
  129. "Fred Cone".
  130. (1937-01-05). "Fred P. Cone Takes Office As Governor". Tallahassee Democrat.
  131. (January 6, 2015). "Spessard Lindsey Holland". [[National Governors Association]].
  132. "Spessard Holland".
  133. Abbott, Bill. (1941-01-08). "20,000 Cheer Holland As He Takes New Job". The Tampa Tribune.
  134. (January 6, 2015). "Millard Fillmore Caldwell". [[National Governors Association]].
  135. "Millard Fillmore Caldwell".
  136. (1945-01-03). "New Governor Sees Need for New Revenue". Tampa Bay Times.
  137. (January 6, 2015). "Fuller Warren". [[National Governors Association]].
  138. "Fuller Warren".
  139. Murray, J. A.. (1949-01-05). "Governor Takes Office in Gala Show". The Tampa Tribune.
  140. (January 6, 2015). "Daniel Thomas McCarty". [[National Governors Association]].
  141. "Dan McCarty".
  142. McDermott, John. (1953-01-07). "McCarty, at Inaugural, Pledges Clean Regime". The Miami Herald.
  143. (January 6, 2015). "Charley Eugene Johns". [[National Governors Association]].
  144. "Charley Johns".
  145. (1953-09-29). "Gallant Fight for Life Ends With McCarty Death at 41". Tallahassee Democrat.
  146. (January 6, 2015). "Thomas Leroy Collins". [[National Governors Association]].
  147. "LeRoy Collins".
  148. McDermott, John B.. (1955-01-05). "Outlaws 'Barter' of Votes for Jobs in Blast at Johns". The Miami Herald.
  149. (January 6, 2015). "Cecil Farris Bryant". [[National Governors Association]].
  150. "Farris Bryant".
  151. McDermott, John. (1961-01-04). "Bryant Calls on Floridians To Stamp Out Sectionalism". The Miami Herald.
  152. (January 6, 2015). "Haydon Burns". [[National Governors Association]].
  153. "Haydon Burns".
  154. Bradford, Vernon. (1965-01-06). "Governor Urges Unity for Florida". The Tampa Tribune.
  155. "1885 Fla. Const. amend. 223".
  156. (January 6, 2015). "Claude Roy Kirk". [[National Governors Association]].
  157. "Claude Roy Kirk, Jr.".
  158. Bradford, Duane. (1967-01-04). "Kirk Calls Legislators To Act on Constitution". The Tampa Tribune.
  159. (January 6, 2015). "Reubin O'Donovan Askew". [[National Governors Association]].
  160. "Reubin O'Donovan Askew".
  161. McDermott, John. (1971-01-06). "Askew Puts Tax Reform Before Sales Levy Hike". The Miami Herald.
  162. "Fla. Const. art. IV, § 5".
  163. (January 6, 2015). "Daniel Robert Graham". [[National Governors Association]].
  164. "D. Robert (Bob) Graham".
  165. McDermott, John. (1979-01-03). "Graham Takes State Reins". The Miami Herald.
  166. Anderson, Paul. (1987-01-04). "Mixson Begins 3-Day Tenure as Governor". The Miami Herald.
  167. "Wayne Mixson".
  168. Oetgen, Albert. (1987-01-04). "Dapper Dans and the President Kick Off Mixson's Three-Day Term". Tallahassee Democrat.
  169. (January 6, 2015). "Robert Martinez". [[National Governors Association]].
  170. "Robert (Bob) Martinez".
  171. (1987-01-07). "Martinez Takes Florida Reins". The Miami Herald.
  172. (January 6, 2015). "Lawton Chiles". [[National Governors Association]].
  173. "Lawton M. Chiles".
  174. Van Gieson, John C.. (1991-01-09). "Governor Promises No New Taxes This Year". The Orlando Sentinel.
  175. (January 6, 2015). "Kenneth Hood Mackay". [[National Governors Association]].
  176. "Kenneth Hood "Buddy" MacKay, Jr.".
  177. (1998-12-13). "Stricken During Exercise at Mansion". The Miami Herald.
  178. (January 6, 2015). "Jeb Bush". [[National Governors Association]].
  179. "John Ellis (Jeb) Bush".
  180. Silva, Mark. (1999-01-06). "Inaugural Address Targets Education, Social Services". The Miami Herald.
  181. (January 6, 2015). "Charlie Crist". [[National Governors Association]].
  182. "Charles (Charlie) J. Crist, Jr.".
  183. Bousquet, Steve. (2007-01-03). "Take Oath. Look Ahead". Tampa Bay Times.
  184. (May 3, 2010). "Can Crist Win in Florida as an Independent?". Time.
  185. (January 6, 2015). "Rick Scott". [[National Governors Association]].
  186. (2011-01-05). "Governor Goes To Work". The Miami Herald.
  187. (January 5, 2019). "DeSantis already governor when ceremony begins". [[Tampa Bay Times]].
  188. "Ron DeSantis". [[National Governors Association]].
  189. Ceballos, Ana. (2019-01-09). "Gov. Ron DeSantis Puts Environment on Center Stage As He Takes the Oath of Office". Tallahassee Democrat.
  190. (2023-01-03). "Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis sworn in for second term". Associated Press.
  191. Allen Morris & Joan Perry Morris, "The Florida Handbook" 2007-2008.
  192. "Gov. Crist Has Surgery on Knee". The Ledger.
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