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List of governors of Alabama

None

List of governors of Alabama
Summary

None

FieldValue
postGovernor
bodyAlabama
insigniaSeal of the Governor of Alabama.svg
insigniasize110
insigniacaptionSeal of the governor
flagFlag of the Governor of Alabama.svg
flagborderyes
flagcaptionStandard of the governor
incumbentKay Ivey
incumbentsinceApril 10, 2017
style
departmentGovernment of Alabama
status
residenceAlabama Governor's Mansion
termlengthFour years, renewable once consecutively
precursorGovernor of Alabama Territory
inauguralWilliam Wyatt Bibb
formation
successionLine of succession
deputyLieutenant Governor of Alabama
salary$127,833 (2022)
website

The governor of Alabama is the head of government of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

There have officially been 54 governors of the state of Alabama; this official numbering skips acting and military governors. The first governor, William Wyatt Bibb, served as the only governor of the Alabama Territory. Five people have served as acting governor, bringing the total number of people serving as governor to 59, spread over 63 distinct terms. Four governors have served multiple non-consecutive terms: Bibb Graves, Jim Folsom, and Fob James each served two, and George Wallace served three non-consecutive periods. Officially, these non-consecutive terms are numbered only with the number of their first term. William D. Jelks also served non-consecutive terms, but his first term was in an acting capacity.

The longest-serving governor was George Wallace, who served 16 years over four terms. The shortest term for a non-acting governor was that of Hugh McVay, who served four and a half months after replacing the resigning Clement Comer Clay. Lurleen Wallace, the first wife of George Wallace, was the first woman to serve as governor of Alabama, and the third woman to serve as governor of any state. The current governor is Republican Kay Ivey, who took office on April 10, 2017 following Robert J. Bentley's resignation amidst a corruption scandal. She is the second female governor of Alabama.

List of governors

Territory of Alabama

Alabama Territory was formed on March 3, 1817, from Mississippi Territory. It had only one governor appointed by the President of the United States before it became a state; he became the first state governor.

No.GovernorTerm in officeAppointed by1
[[File:William Wyatt Bibb.jpg75px]]William Wyatt Bibb
(1781–1820)
September 25, 1817
–
November 9, 1819
(elected state governor)James Monroe

State of Alabama

governor-elect
Governor's flag]] before 1939

Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819. It seceded from the Union on January 11, 1861, and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861. Following the end of the American Civil War, Alabama during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Alabama was readmitted to the Union on July 14, 1868.

The first Alabama Constitution, ratified in 1819, provided that a governor be elected every two years, limited to serve no more than 4 out of every 6 years. This limit remained in place until the constitution of 1868, which simply allowed governors to serve terms of two years. The current constitution of 1901 increased terms to four years, but prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. An amendment in 1968 allowed governors to succeed themselves once; a governor serving two consecutive terms can run again after waiting out the next term. The constitution had no set date for the commencement of a governor's term until 1901, when it was set at the first Monday after the second Tuesday in the January following an election. However, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that a governor's term ends at midnight at the end of Monday, and the next governor's term begins the next day, regardless of if they were sworn in on Monday.

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the office of governor becomes vacant the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship. The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected at the same time but not on the same ticket.

Alabama was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic-Republican and Democratic parties. It had two Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 112 years passed before voters chose another Republican. Since 2002, the state has continuously elected Republicans to the governorship.

No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor123456789101112131415161718—1920—21222324252627282930—3132333435363738393840414243424445464745484549504851525354
[[File:William Wyatt Bibb.jpg75px]]Democratic-Republican Party}}; border-bottom: none;"William Wyatt Bibb
(1781–1820)
–
July 10, 1820
(died in office)Democratic-
Republican1819Office did not exist
[[File:Governor Thomas Bibb.jpg75px]]Thomas Bibb
(1783–1839)
–
November 9, 1821
(did not run)Democratic-
RepublicanSucceeded from
president of
the Senate
[[File:Pickensisrael.jpg75px]]Israel Pickens
(1780–1827)
–
November 25, 1825
(term-limited)Democratic-
Republican1821
1823
[[File:John murphy.jpg75px]]Democratic-Republican Party}}; border-top: none; padding: .2em .2em !important;"Democratic Party (United States)}}; border-bottom: none; padding: .2em .2em !important;"John Murphy
(d. 1841)
–
November 21, 1829
(term-limited)Jackson
Democrat1825
1827
[[File:Gabrielmoore.jpg75px]]Gabriel Moore
(1785–1844)
–
March 3, 1831
(resigned)Jackson
Democrat1829
[[File:No image.svg75px]]Samuel B. Moore
(1789–1846)
–
November 26, 1831
(lost election)Jackson
DemocratSucceeded from
president of
the Senate
[[File:John Gayle Portrait.jpg75px]]John Gayle
(1792–1859)
–
November 21, 1835
(term-limited)Jackson
Democrat1831
Democratic Party (United States)}}; border-top: none;"Democratic1833
[[File:Clement Comer Clay.jpg75px]]Clement Comer Clay
(1789–1866)
–
July 17, 1837
(resigned)Democratic1835
[[File:Hugh McVay.jpg75px]]Hugh McVay
(1766–1851)
–
November 21, 1837
(successor took office)DemocraticSucceeded from
president of
the Senate
[[File:Arthur bagby.jpg75px]]Arthur P. Bagby
(1794–1858)
–
November 22, 1841
(term-limited)Democratic1837
1839
[[File:Hon. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, Ala - NARA - 528657 (portrait).jpg75px]]Benjamin Fitzpatrick
(1802–1869)
–
December 9, 1845
(term-limited)Democratic1841
1843
[[File:Gov. Joshua L. Martin.jpg75px]]Independent (United States)}};"Joshua L. Martin
(1799–1856)
–
December 16, 1847
(did not run)Independent1845
[[File:Governor Reuben Chapman.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Reuben Chapman
(1799–1882)
–
December 17, 1849
(lost nomination)Democratic1847
[[File:Governor Henry Watkins Collier.jpg75px]]Henry W. Collier
(1801–1855)
–
December 20, 1853
(term-limited)Democratic1849
1851
[[File:John A. Winston.jpg75px]]John A. Winston
(1812–1871)
–
December 1, 1857
(term-limited)Democratic1853
1855
[[File:Andrew B. Moore.jpg75px]]Andrew B. Moore
(1807–1873)
–
December 2, 1861
(term-limited)Democratic1857
1859
[[File:John Gill Shorter.jpg75px]]John Gill Shorter
(1818–1872)
–
December 1, 1863
(lost election)Democratic1861
[[File:Thomas Hill Watts 1860s.jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}};"Thomas H. Watts
(1819–1892)
–
May 3, 1865
(arrested and removed)Whig1863
Vacant*
–
June 21, 1865*Office vacated
after civil war
[[File:Lewis E. Parsons - Brady-Handy.jpg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"Lewis E. Parsons
(1817–1895)
–
December 13, 1865
(successor took office)Provisional governor
appointed by President
[[File:Robert patton.jpg75px]]Robert M. Patton
(1809–1885)
–
July 13, 1868
(did not run)Nonpartisan1865
[[File:WSwayne.jpg75px]]Wager Swayne
(1834–1902)
*
–
January 11, 1868*
(removed)Military occupation
[[File:William Hugh Smith.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"William Hugh Smith
(1826–1899)
–
November 26, 1870
(lost election)Republican1868Republican Party (United States)}};"
(died August 21, 1870)
Vacant
[[File:Robert B. Lindsay.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Robert B. Lindsay
(1824–1902)
–
November 25, 1872
(did not run)Democratic1870Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:David P. Lewis.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"David P. Lewis
(1820–1884)
–
November 24, 1874
(lost election)Republican1872Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:George S. Houston - Brady-Handy.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"George S. Houston
(1811–1879)
–
November 27, 1878
(did not run)Democratic1874Democratic Party (United States)}};"
1876Office did not exist
[[File:Rufus W. Cobb.jpg75px]]Rufus W. Cobb
(1829–1913)
–
December 1, 1882
(did not run)Democratic1878
1880
[[File:Edward A. O'Neal.jpg75px]]Edward A. O'Neal
(1818–1890)
–
December 1, 1886
(did not run)Democratic1882
1884
[[File:GOVTHOMASSEAY.JPG75px]]Thomas Seay
(1846–1896)
–
December 1, 1890
(did not run)Democratic1886
1888
[[File:Thomas Goode Jones.jpg75px]]Thomas G. Jones
(1844–1914)
–
December 1, 1894
(did not run)Democratic1890
1892
[[File:Governor William Calvin Oates.jpg75px]]William C. Oates
(1835–1910)
–
December 1, 1896
(did not run)Democratic1894
[[File:Joseph F Johnston-photo portrait.jpg75px]]Joseph F. Johnston
(1843–1913)
–
December 1, 1900
(did not run)Democratic1896
1898
[[File:William D. Jelks.jpg75px]]William D. Jelks
(1855–1931)
*
–
December 26, 1900*
(acting)DemocraticPresident of
the Senate
acting
[[File:William J. Samford.jpg75px]]William J. Samford
(1844–1901)
–
June 11, 1901
(died in office)Democratic1900
[[File:William D. Jelks.jpg75px]]William D. Jelks
(1855–1931)
–
January 14, 1907
(term-limited)DemocraticSucceeded from
president of
the Senate
1902Democratic Party (United States)}};"
(acted as governor
April 25, 1904–March 5, 1905)
[[File:Braxton Bragg Comer.jpg75px]]B. B. Comer
(1848–1927)
–
January 16, 1911
(term-limited)Democratic1906
[[File:Emmet O'Neal cropped.jpg75px]]Emmet O'Neal
(1853–1922)
–
January 18, 1915
(term-limited)Democratic1910
[[File:Governor Charles Henderson.jpg75px]]Charles Henderson
(1860–1937)
–
January 20, 1919
(term-limited)Democratic1914
[[File:Thomas Kilby.jpg75px]]Thomas Kilby
(1865–1943)
–
January 15, 1923
(term-limited)Democratic1918
[[File:BRANDON, WILLIAM W. GOVERNOR LCCN2016861409 (cropped).jpg75px]]William W. Brandon
(1868–1934)
–
January 17, 1927
(term-limited)Democratic1922
(acted as governor
July 10, 1924–July 11, 1924)
[[File:Bibb Graves.jpg75px]]Bibb Graves
(1873–1942)
–
January 19, 1931
(term-limited)Democratic1926
[[File:Benjamin Meek Miller (Alabama Governor).jpg75px]]Benjamin M. Miller
(1864–1944)
–
January 14, 1935
(term-limited)Democratic1930
[[File:Bibb Graves 1935.jpg89x89px]]Bibb Graves
(1873–1942)
–
January 16, 1939
(term-limited)Democratic1934
(died May 17, 1937)
Vacant
[[File:Frank M Dixon 1939.jpg99x99px]]Frank M. Dixon
(1892–1965)
–
January 18, 1943
(term-limited)Democratic1938Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Chauncey Sparks.jpg75px]]Chauncey Sparks
(1884–1968)
–
January 20, 1947
(term-limited)Democratic1942
[[File:Jim Folsom circa 1947.jpg107x107px]]Jim Folsom
(1908–1987)
–
January 15, 1951
(term-limited)Democratic1946
[[File:Gordon Persons.jpg75px]]Gordon Persons
(1902–1965)
–
January 17, 1955
(term-limited)Democratic1950
[[File:Jim Folsom circa 1947.jpg107x107px]]Jim Folsom
(1908–1987)
–
January 19, 1959
(term-limited)Democratic1954
[[File:John Malcolm Patterson.jpg75px]]John M. Patterson
(1921–2021)
–
January 14, 1963
(term-limited)Democratic1958
[[File:George Wallace (D-AL) (3x4).jpg75px]]George Wallace
(1919–1998)
–
January 16, 1967
(term-limited)Democratic1962
[[File:Lurleen Wallace.jpg95x95px]]Lurleen Wallace
(1926–1968)
–
May 7, 1968
(died in office)Democratic1966
(acted as governor
July 25, 1967)
[[File:Alabama Governor Albert Brewer.jpg94x94px]]Albert Brewer
(1928–2017)
–
January 18, 1971
(lost nomination)DemocraticSucceeded from
lieutenant
governorVacant
[[File:George Wallace official portrait (3x4).jpg100x100px]]George Wallace
(1919–1998)
–
January 15, 1979
(term-limited)Democratic1970Democratic Party (United States)}};"
(acted as governor
June 5, 1972–July 7, 1972)
1974
[[File:Reagan Contact Sheet C1331 (cropped).jpg75px]]Fob James
(b. 1934)
–
January 17, 1983
(did not run)Democratic1978
[[File:WallaceColoredImage(Cropped).jpg112x112px]]George Wallace
(1919–1998)
–
January 19, 1987
(did not run)Democratic1982
[[File:Guy Hunt 1978.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"H. Guy Hunt
(1933–2009)
–
April 22, 1993
(removed from office)Republican1986
1990
[[File:Jim Folsom Jr..jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Jim Folsom Jr.
(b. 1949)
–
January 16, 1995
(lost election)DemocraticSucceeded from
lieutenant
governorVacant
[[File:Reagan Contact Sheet C1331 (cropped).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Fob James
(b. 1934)
–
January 18, 1999
(lost election)Republican1994Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Don Siegelman at Netroots Nation 2008 (cropped).jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Don Siegelman
(b. 1946)
–
January 20, 2003
(lost election)Democratic1998Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Governor Bob Riley (cropped).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Bob Riley
(b. 1944)
–
January 17, 2011
(term-limited)Republican2002Democratic Party (United States)}};"
2006
[[File:Robert Bentley (cropped).jpg75px]]Robert J. Bentley
(b. 1943)
–
April 10, 2017
(resigned)Republican2010Republican Party (United States)}};"
2014
[[File:Governor Kay Ivey 2017 (cropped).jpg102x102px]]Kay Ivey
(b. 1944)
–
IncumbentRepublicanSucceeded from
lieutenant
governorVacant
2018Republican Party (United States)}};"
2022

Timeline

Notes

References

;General

;Specific

References

  1. "Governor of Alabama". Ballotpedia.
  2. "Alabama Governors". [[Alabama Department of Archives and History]].
  3. {{usstat. 3. 371
  4. (January 17, 2011). "William Wyatt Bibb". [[National Governors Association]].
  5. Dupre, Daniel S.. (September 30, 2014). "William Wyatt Bibb (1819-20)".
  6. Shearer, Benjamin. (2004). "The Uniting States – The Story of Statehood for the Fifty United States, Volume 1: Alabama to Kentucky". Greenwood Press.
  7. (1817-05-23). "none". Weekly Raleigh Register.
  8. (1934). "The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General". [[United States Government Publishing Office]].
  9. U.S. Congress. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 15th Cong., 1st sess., [https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llej&fileName=003/llej003.db&recNum=102 95–96], accessed September 25, 2023.
  10. U.S. Congress. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 15th Cong., 1st sess., [https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llej&fileName=003/llej003.db&recNum=105 98], accessed September 25, 2023.
  11. {{usstat. 3. 489, {{usstat. 3. 608
  12. "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". [[University of Houston]].
  13. [http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html#p1 Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America] {{webarchive. link. (August 20, 2016 , accessed July 8, 2015)
  14. Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: {{usstat. 15. 73. Proclamation of Alabama's ratification: {{usstat. 15. 704.
  15. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1st sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1819/HJ_1819/page/n57 59], accessed September 25, 2023
  16. (January 17, 2011). "Thomas Bibb". [[National Governors Association]].
  17. Dupre, Daniel S.. (May 27, 2021). "Thomas Bibb (1820-21)".
  18. (August 16, 1820). "Died". Hillsborough Recorder.
  19. (January 17, 2011). "Israel Pickens". [[National Governors Association]].
  20. Dupre, Daniel S.. (June 9, 2021). "Israel Pickens (1821-25)".
  21. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 3rd sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1821/HJ_1821_11_12/page/n27 29], accessed July 27, 2023
  22. "1819 Ala. Const. art. IV, § 4".
  23. (January 17, 2011). "John Murphy". [[National Governors Association]].
  24. Bailey, Hugh C.. (June 7, 2021). "John Murphy (1825-29)".
  25. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 7th sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1825-1826/HJ_1825_1826/page/n23/ 24], accessed July 27, 2023
  26. (January 17, 2011). "Gabriel Moore". [[National Governors Association]].
  27. Amos Doss, Harriet E.. (June 7, 2021). "Gabriel Moore (1829-31)".
  28. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 11th sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1829-1830/HJ_1829_1830/page/n31 33], accessed July 27, 2023
  29. (January 17, 2011). "Samuel B. Moore". [[National Governors Association]].
  30. McDaniel, Mary Jane. (June 7, 2021). "Samuel B. Moore (1831)".
  31. (1831-03-31). "none". The North-Carolina Star.
  32. (January 17, 2011). "John Gayle". [[National Governors Association]].
  33. Wiggins, Sarah Woolfoolk. (June 1, 2021). "John Gayle (1831-35)".
  34. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 13th sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1831-1832/HJ_1831_1832/page/n37/ 38], accessed July 27, 2023
  35. (January 17, 2011). "Clement Comer Clay". [[National Governors Association]].
  36. Thornton, J. Mills. (May 28, 2021). "Clement Comer Clay (1835-37)".
  37. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 17th sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1835-1836/HJ_1835_1836/page/n29 30], accessed July 27, 2023
  38. (1837-08-15). "By the Southern Express". New York Daily Herald.
  39. U.S. Congress. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 25th Cong., 1st sess., [https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsj&fileName=027/llsj027.db&recNum=4 5], accessed September 25, 2023.
  40. (January 17, 2011). "Hugh McVay". [[National Governors Association]].
  41. McDaniel, Mary Jane. (June 4, 2021). "Hugh McVay (1837)".
  42. (January 17, 2011). "Athur Pendleton Bagby". [[National Governors Association]].
  43. McDaniel, Mary Jane. (August 20, 2018). "Arthur P. Bagby (1837-41)".
  44. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1837 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-senate-journal-1837/SJ_1837_11_12/page/n33/ 36], accessed July 28, 2023
  45. (January 17, 2011). "Benjamin Fitzpatrick". [[National Governors Association]].
  46. Thornton, J. Mills. (June 1, 2021). "Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1841-45)".
  47. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1841 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1841/HJ_1841_11_12/page/n99/ 101], accessed July 28, 2023
  48. (January 17, 2011). "Joshua Lanier Martin". [[National Governors Association]].
  49. Bailey, Hugh C.. (June 4, 2021). "Joshua L. Martin (1845-47)".
  50. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1845 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1845-1846/HJ_1845_1846/page/n55/ 57], accessed July 28, 2023
  51. (August 4, 1847). "none". Washington Telegraph.
  52. (January 17, 2011). "Reuben Chapman". [[National Governors Association]].
  53. Mayfield, John. (May 27, 2021). "Reuben Chapman (1847-49)".
  54. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1847–1848 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1847-1848/HJ_1847_1848/page/n67/ 69], accessed July 28, 2023
  55. (1849-06-22). "Nomination for Governor". Daily State Guard.
  56. (January 17, 2011). "Henry Watkins Collier". [[National Governors Association]].
  57. Atkins, Leah Rawls. (December 13, 2017). "Henry W. Collier (1849-53)".
  58. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1849–1850 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1849-1850/HJ_1849_1850/page/n195/ 196], accessed July 28, 2023
  59. (January 17, 2011). "John Anthony Winston". [[National Governors Association]].
  60. Barney, William L.. (June 10, 2021). "John A. Winston (1853-57)".
  61. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1853–1854 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1853-1854/HJ_1853_1854/page/n221/ 220], accessed July 28, 2023
  62. (January 17, 2011). "Andrew Barry Moore". [[National Governors Association]].
  63. Atkins, Leah Rawls. (September 30, 2014). "Andrew B. Moore (1857-61)".
  64. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1857–1858 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1857-1858/HJ_1857_1858/page/n151/ 153], accessed July 28, 2023
  65. (January 17, 2011). "John Gill Shorter". [[National Governors Association]].
  66. McKiven, Henry M. Jr.. (May 14, 2021). "John Gill Shorter (1861-63)".
  67. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1861 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1861/HJ_1861_2nd/page/n205/ 207], accessed July 28, 2023
  68. (January 17, 2011). "Thomas Hill Watts". [[National Governors Association]].
  69. McKiven, Henry M. Jr.. (June 10, 2021). "Thomas Hill Watts (1863-65)".
  70. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1863 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1863/HJ_1863/page/n197/ 199], accessed July 28, 2023
  71. (May 25, 1865). "The Latest by Telegraph". Leavenworth Times.
  72. (May 30, 1865). "Gov. Watts Arrested". The Daily Progress.
  73. (January 17, 2011). "Lewis Eliphalet Parsons". [[National Governors Association]].
  74. Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk. (June 8, 2021). "Lewis Eliphalet Parsons (1865)".
  75. [https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/44206 "President Johnson appoints Lewis E. Parsons, Sr. as provisional governor of Alabama,"] House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, accessed July 28, 2023
  76. (January 17, 2011). "Robert Miller Patton". [[National Governors Association]].
  77. Rogers, William Warren. (June 8, 2021). "Robert M. Patton (1865-67)".
  78. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1865–1866 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1865-1866/HJ_1865_1866/page/n149/ 151], accessed July 28, 2023
  79. (1868-07-15). "General News". Iowa County Democrat.
  80. (1868-07-14). "Governor of Alabama Inaugurated". The Daily Standard.
  81. (1868-07-14). "Alabama". New York Daily Herald.
  82. (1868-07-22). "Alabama". The New York Times.
  83. {{usstat. 15. 705
  84. Fitzgerald, Michael W.. (June 28, 2013). "Wager T. Swayne".
  85. (January 17, 2011). "William Hugh Smith". [[National Governors Association]].
  86. Fitzgerald, Michael W.. (June 10, 2021). "William Hugh Smith (1868-1870)".
  87. White, James Terry. (1900). "The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography". James T. White & Company.
  88. (January 17, 2011). "Robert Burns Lindsay". [[National Governors Association]].
  89. Fitzgerald, Michael W.. (June 3, 2021). "Robert Burns Lindsay (1870-72)".
  90. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1870–1871 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1870-1871/HJ_1870_1871/page/n29/ 31], accessed July 28, 2023
  91. (January 17, 2011). "David Peter Lewis". [[National Governors Association]].
  92. Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk. (June 3, 2021). "David P. Lewis (1872-74)".
  93. (November 26, 1872). "Politics in Alabama". [[The Baltimore Sun]].
  94. (1872-11-28). "none". The Tuskaloosa Gazette.
  95. (January 17, 2011). "George Smith Houston". [[National Governors Association]].
  96. Rogers, William Warren. (June 2, 2021). "George S. Houston (1874-78)".
  97. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1874–1875 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1874-1875/HJ_1874_1875/page/n55/ 56], accessed July 28, 2023
  98. (January 17, 2011). "Rufus Willis Cobb". [[National Governors Association]].
  99. Ward, Robert David. (November 13, 2016). "Rufus W. Cobb (1878-82)".
  100. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1878–1879 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1878-1879/HJ_1878_1879/page/n149/ 151], accessed July 28, 2023
  101. (January 17, 2011). "Edward Asbury O'Neal". [[National Governors Association]].
  102. McDaniel, Mary Jane. (June 7, 2021). "Edward A. O'Neal (1882-86)".
  103. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1882–1883 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-senate-journal-1882-1883/SJ_1882_Nov_1883_Feb/page/n153/ 155], accessed July 28, 2023
  104. (January 17, 2011). "Thomas Seay". [[National Governors Association]].
  105. Ward, Robert David. (March 4, 2020). "Thomas Seay (1886-90)".
  106. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1886–1887 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-senate-journal-1886-1887/SJ_1886_Nov_1887_Feb/page/n191/ 194], accessed July 28, 2023
  107. (January 17, 2011). "Thomas Goode Jones". [[National Governors Association]].
  108. Pruitt, Paul McWhorter Jr.. (June 3, 2021). "Thomas Goode Jones (1890-94)".
  109. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the Senate''. 1890–1891 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-senate-journal-1890-1891/SJ_1890_Nov_1891_Feb/page/n183/ 186], accessed July 28, 2023
  110. (January 17, 2011). "William Calvin Oates". [[National Governors Association]].
  111. Pruitt, Paul McWhorter Jr.. (June 8, 2021). "William Calvin Oates (1894-96)".
  112. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1894–1895 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1894-1895/HJ_1894_1895/page/n251/ 254], accessed July 28, 2023
  113. (January 17, 2011). "Joseph Forney Johnston". [[National Governors Association]].
  114. Perman, Michael. (June 2, 2021). "Joseph F. Johnston (1896-1900)".
  115. Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1896–1897 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1896-1897/HJ_1896_1897/page/n365/ 368], accessed July 28, 2023
  116. (January 17, 2011). "William Dorsey Jelks". [[National Governors Association]].
  117. Alsobrook, David E.. (June 2, 2021). "William D. Jelks (1901-07)".
  118. (1900-12-02). "Samford Is Now Governor". The Selma Times.
  119. (1900-12-03). "Jelks In Charge". The Birmingham News.
  120. (January 17, 2011). "William James Samford". [[National Governors Association]].
  121. Rickard, Marlene Hunt. (June 9, 2021). "William J. Samford (1900-01)".
  122. (1901-06-12). "Jelks Hurrying Back to Alabama". The Birmingham News.
  123. "1901 Ala. Const. art. V, § 116".
  124. Rikard, Marlene Hunt. (June 1, 2021). "Russell M. Cunningham (1904-05)".
  125. (January 17, 2011). "Russell McWorther Cunningham". [[National Governors Association]].
  126. (January 17, 2011). "Braxton Bragg Comer". [[National Governors Association]].
  127. Harris, David Alan. (October 12, 2022). "Braxton Bragg Comer (1907-11)".
  128. (1907-01-14). "Comer Takes Oath of Office As Governor of Alabama". The Birmingham News.
  129. (January 17, 2011). "Emmet O'Neal". [[National Governors Association]].
  130. Rosenburg, R. B.. (June 7, 2021). "Emmet O'Neal (1911-15)".
  131. Betty, Berryman G.. (1911-01-17). "Notable Speeches As New Governor Takes Oath at Montgomery". Birmingham Post-Herald.
  132. Oberhaus v. State ''ex rel.'' McNamara, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pVotAQAAMAAJ pp. 483–499]
  133. White, David. (January 17, 2011). "Robert Bentley Ready To Take Office As Next Alabama Governor". [[The Birmingham News]].
  134. (January 17, 2011). "Charles Henderson". [[National Governors Association]].
  135. Allen, Lee N.. (June 1, 2021). "Charles Henderson (1915-19)".
  136. (1915-01-19). "Henderson Takes Oath of Office As Next Governor". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  137. (January 17, 2011). "Thomas Erby Kilby". [[National Governors Association]].
  138. Breedlove, Michael A.. (June 3, 2021). "Thomas E. Kilby (1919-23)".
  139. (1919-01-21). "New Chief Executive Takes Oath". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  140. (January 17, 2011). "William Woodward Brandon". [[National Governors Association]].
  141. Allen, Lee N.. (December 5, 2017). "William W. Brandon (1923-27)".
  142. (1923-01-16). "Immense Crowd Cheers As William W. Brandon Takes Oath As State's Governor". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  143. (January 17, 2011). "David Bibb Graves". [[National Governors Association]].
  144. Flynt, J. Wayne. (June 1, 2021). "David Bibb Graves (1927-31, 1935-39)".
  145. (1927-01-18). "Thousands Hear New Governor Declare for Law Enforcement After Oath Is Administered". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  146. (January 17, 2011). "Benjamin Meek Miller". [[National Governors Association]].
  147. Feldman, Glenn. (June 4, 2021). "Benjamin Meek Miller (1931-35)".
  148. McCoy, Joseph R.. (1931-01-20). "10,000 Watch Inauguration of 39th Governor". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  149. Davis, George L.. (1935-01-15). "Col. Bibb Graves Again Assumes Alabama's Helm". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  150. (January 17, 2011). "Frank Murray Dixon". [[National Governors Association]].
  151. Feldman, Glenn. (June 1, 2021). "Frank M. Dixon (1939-43)".
  152. Hugger, Robert. (1939-01-17). "Spectacular Parade, Throng Feature Dixon Administration". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  153. (January 17, 2011). "Chauncey Sparks". [[National Governors Association]].
  154. Jackson, Harvey H.. (June 10, 2021). "Chauncey Sparks (1943-47)".
  155. (1943-01-19). "Governor's Post Passes to Sparks". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  156. (January 17, 2011). "James Elisha Folsom, Sr.". [[National Governors Association]].
  157. (April 1, 2019). "James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr. (1947-51, 1955-59)".
  158. (1947-01-20). "Folsom Takes Oath As Governor". The Selma Times-Journal.
  159. (January 17, 2011). "Seth Gordon Persons". [[National Governors Association]].
  160. Bass, S. Jonathan. (June 9, 2021). "Seth Gordon Persons (1951-55)".
  161. Wortsman, Gene. (1951-01-16). "Gov. Persons Enjoys His Biggest Moment Amidst Gay and Festive Capital City". Birmingham Post-Herald.
  162. Wortsman, Gene. (1955-01-18). "Hits at Snoopers and Informers". Birmingham Post-Herald.
  163. (January 17, 2011). "John Malcolm Patterson". [[National Governors Association]].
  164. (June 7, 2021). "John M. Patterson (1959-63)".
  165. (1959-01-20). "Patterson Takes State's Highest Office". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  166. (January 17, 2011). "George Corley Wallace". [[National Governors Association]].
  167. Eskew, Glenn T.. (June 10, 2021). "George C. Wallace (1963-67, 1971-79, 1983-87)".
  168. Ingram, Bob. (1963-01-15). "Wallace Defies Federal Encroachment; 'Will Submit No More to Tyranny'". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  169. (January 17, 2011). "Lurleen Burns Wallace". [[National Governors Association]].
  170. Eskew, Glenn T.. (June 30, 2017). "Lurleen B. Wallace (1967-68)".
  171. Wasson, Don F.. (1967-01-17). "Lurleen Becomes Governor". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  172. Owen, Thomas McAdory. (1979). "Alabama Official and Statistical Register". Alabama Department of Archives & History.
  173. (January 17, 2011). "Albert Preston Brewer". [[National Governors Association]].
  174. Harvey, Gordon. (November 13, 2020). "Albert P. Brewer (1968-71)".
  175. Bryant, William O.. (1968-05-07). "Brewer Sworn In As New Governor". Alabama Journal.
  176. Wasson, Don F.. (1971-01-19). "Wallace Hints President Bid". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  177. "Ala. Const. amend. 282".
  178. Armbrester, Margaret E.. (December 19, 2017). "Jere Beasley Sr. (1972)".
  179. (January 17, 2011). "Forrest Hood James". [[National Governors Association]].
  180. Stewart, William H.. (June 2, 2021). "Forrest "Fob" James Jr. (1979-83, 1995-99)".
  181. Bryant, Ted. (1979-01-16). "'Bury Negative Prejudices of Past,' Gov. James Urges". Birmingham Post-Herald.
  182. Bryant, Ted. (1983-01-18). "A 'New' Wallace Sworn for Fourth Term". Birmingham Post-Herald.
  183. (January 17, 2011). "Harold Guy Hunt". [[National Governors Association]].
  184. Stewart, William H.. (June 6, 2021). "Guy Hunt (1987-93)".
  185. Ritchie, Bruce. (1987-01-20). "Hunt Proclaims New Day for State". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  186. Burger, Frederick. (1993-04-22). "Hunt Guilty: What's Next". The Anniston Star.
  187. Nossiter, Adam. (12 June 1997). "Ex-Gov. Hunt of Alabama Cleared by Pardon Board". [[The New York Times]].
  188. "Alabama Lieutenant Governors". [[Alabama Department of Archives and History]].
  189. (January 17, 2011). "James Elisha Folsom, Jr.". [[National Governors Association]].
  190. Stewart, William H.. (June 1, 2021). "James E. Folsom Jr. (1993-95)".
  191. (1995-01-18). "Officials Look To Eliminate Power Delay". The Selma Times-Journal.
  192. (January 17, 2011). "Donald Eugene Siegelman". [[National Governors Association]].
  193. (June 9, 2021). "Don Siegelman (1999-2003)".
  194. Bryant, Ted. (1999-01-19). "Putting Children First". Birmingham Post-Herald.
  195. (January 17, 2011). "Bob Riley". [[National Governors Association]].
  196. Armbrester, Margaret E.. (June 9, 2021). "Robert "Bob" Riley (2003-11)".
  197. Clanton, Brett. (2003-01-21). "Good Morning, Gov. Riley". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  198. (January 17, 2011). "Robert Bentley". [[National Governors Association]].
  199. "Robert Bentley (2011-17)".
  200. Kitchen, Sebastian. (2011-01-18). "Governor Says State's 'Best Days Are Ahead'". The Montgomery Advertiser.
  201. Blinder, Alan. (10 April 2017). "Robert Bentley, Alabama Governor, Resigns Amid Scandal". [[The New York Times]].
  202. "Kay Ivey". [[National Governors Association]].
  203. Wilson, Claire. (May 1, 2020). "Kay Ivey (2017- )".
  204. Tyler, Zach. (2017-04-11). "Governor Ivey: 'More Than Capable'". The Anniston Star.
  205. Chandler, Kim. (2023-01-16). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for her 2nd full term". AP.
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