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List of glues

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Summary

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There are many adhesive substances that are considered or commonly referred to as glue. Historically, the term only referred to protein colloids prepared from animal flesh. The meaning has been extended to refer to any fluid adhesive.

Plant- and animal-based adhesives

Type	Subtypes	Source(s)	Manufacture	Chemistry	Volatiles	Safety	Properties	Shelf life	Working time	Setting	Strength	Solvents
Made from plants (especially wood) or fossil hydrocarbons	natural or artificial destructive distillation	Hydrocarbon goo of no specific chemical formula	Emits Volatile organic compounds, especially when heated	health effects understudied (see Asphalt#Health and safety)	dark, viscous, more flexible when heated	Indefinite, may stiffen	Indefinite	Reversibly becomes more flexible and fluid when heated		water-repellant,	Sealant, hafting	prehistoric
Milk, limestone and brine	Milk curd is mixed with alkalis			non-toxic (preservatives excepted)		Once wet, 6–7 hours.		~4 hours for softwood, 8 for hardwood; must be under pressure for 0.5-2 hrs	tensile strength exceeds most woods, 2,200-3,00 pounds per square inch	water-resistant, depending on alkalis used	Woodworking, paper glue, fireproof laminates	Medieval or earlier
As for casein glue, but using soy protein	Soy protein is mixed with alkalis
blood (serum albumin) or eggs												prehistoric
Animal connective tissue	hides are acid-treated, neutralized, and repeatedly soaked; the soaking-water is dried into chips	hydrolyzed collagen					Until it cools	Thermoplastic. Somewhat brittle when set		Water-soluble	Cabinetmaking, bookbinding, lutherie, glue-size
hooves of ungulates, animal horns	Hooves or horns are fragmented, boiled into goo, and acidified	partially- hydrolyzed keratin					Until it cools	Thermoplastic. Hardens as it cools, but does not become brittle			Gluing and stiffening textiles, cabinetmaking, glass sealant
human fibrinogen and human thrombin		when two parts are mixed, they form fibrin					10–60 seconds	converts to fibrin			Medicine
made by insects
starches (plant energy-storage chemicals)	Starch may be purified before being mixed with water; leaving gluten in makes a more permanent bond
usually derived from potato starch												mid-19th century
latex, a coagulating plant fluid, also made synthetically	latex is dissolved in an organic solvent		organic solvent evaporates as it sets	solvent may be hazardous; latex is an allergen
cellulose, a plant structural material, and methyl chloride	heating cellulose with an alkali and reacting it with methyl chloride

[[Solvent]]-type glues

Main article: Plastic welding#Solvent welding

Solvent adhesives temporarily dissolve the substance they are gluing, and bond by solvent-welding material together with the re-solidified material.

Source(s)	Manufacture	Chemistry	Volatiles	Shelf life
dissolves ABS plastic	it is volatile
dissolves polystyrene	it is volatile	Vapour is heavier-than-air and explosive. Toxic, neuropsychological effects. Rapidly absorbed through undamaged skin and lungs. Produces toxic ozone.
Dissolves:	it is volatile, boiling at 39.6°C (103.3°F; 312.8K)		Will also glue acrylic to wood. Clear, waterproof, exterior grades exist.	24 hours to set fully.

Synthetic glues

Synthetic [[monomer]] glues

Type	Subtypes	Source(s)	Manufacture	Chemistry	Volatiles	Safety	Properties	Shelf life	Working time	Setting	Strength	Solvents	Uses	Date	Acrylonitrile	Cyanoacrylate ("Superglue", "Krazy Glue")	Methyl acrylate ("acrylic")
		synthetic monomer
		synthetic monomer
		synthetic monomer

Synthetic [[polymer]] glues

Thermoplastic polymers

Main article: thermoplastic polymer, Hot-melt adhesive

Thermoplastic glues including hot-melt adhesives cure reversibly as they cool, like the gelatin and keratin glues listed above. They frequently don't emit volatiles unless overheated.

Type	Subtypes	Source(s)	Properties
synthetic	polyethylene mixed with about 11% vinyl acetate
synthetic			thermosetting
synthetic
synthetic
synthetic
synthetic		biodegradable	very low melting temperature, 40 - and heat conductivity means it can be moulded by hand. Can be used to mould itself.

Styrene acrylic copolymer – e.g. "No More Nails"

Thermosetting polymers

Main article: thermosetting polymer

Thermosetting glues or thermosets cure irreversibly by polymerization. The polymerization can be triggered by heat or other radiation, or high pressure or a catalyst/hardener may be added.

Type	Subtypes	Manufacture	Chemistry	Volatiles	Safety	Properties	Shelf life	Working time	Setting	Strength	Solvents	Uses	Date	Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF), also called phenolic resins	Resorcinol glue, Para tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin	Urea-formaldehyde glue	Polysulfides
synthetic	resorcinol or similar is mixed with phenol to make a resin; cured by adding formaldehyde	offgasses phenol and formeldehyde	phenol and formeldehyde are toxic, PTBPF causes contact allergies	last=Boat	first=Classic	date=2011-03-11	title=Adhesives for Wooden Boats: Structural Glues	url=https://www.classicboat.co.uk/practical-advice/adhesives-for-wooden-boats-structural-glues/	access-date=2022-11-11	website=Classic Boat Magazine	language=en-US}}	A few years, unmixed.	Temperature-dependent. Will not cure at temperatures below 10 C.	Needs to be clamped	Structural	Water-soluble until set, waterproof after.	laminating plywood, especially for exterior use; woodworking
synthetic	urea and formaldehyde	offgasses urea and formeldehyde	formeldehyde is toxic, urea is an irritant					thermosetting
synthetic				Will melt acrylic, polycarbonate, ABS and PVC plastic. Can be used to glue nylon, epoxy, and polyoxymethylene.

Epoxy resins
- Epoxy putty
Polyvinyls
- Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) Includes white glue (e.g. Elmer's Glue) and yellow carpenter's glue (Aliphatic resin) (Brands include Titebond and Lepage)
- Polyvinyl alcohol
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- Polyvinyl chloride emulsion (PVCE) – a water-miscible emulsion that polymerizes as it cures
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone (component of glue sticks)
Silicone resins
Silyl modified polymers

By use

Postage stamp gum may be a mixture of assorted starch and resin adhesives
Library paste is usually starch-based
Meat glue is a variety of culinary binding agents

References

es:Pegamento nl:Lijst van lijmsoorten pt:Cola (desambiguação)

References

(1990). "Handbook of Adhesives".
Simon B.N. Thompson. (Winter 2010). "Implications for cognitive rehabilitation and brain injury from exposure to Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK): a review". Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation.
"Tensol 70 Glue {{!}} EVO-STIK Two Part Adhesive {{!}} Silmid".
"Chemical Bonding {{!}} Perspex Fabrication {{!}} UV & Solvent bonding, Tensol 70".
"Gluing Acrylic {{!}} Acrylic".
Boat, Classic. (2011-03-11). "Adhesives for Wooden Boats: Structural Glues".
"Marine Caulking & Adhesives".
"Art & Architecture Thesaurus Full Record Display (Getty Research)".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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