From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base
List of domesticated animals
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This page gives a list of domesticated animals, also including a list of animals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and morphological changes from their wild ancestors, while others have changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. Many factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, but there is not always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, so there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.
Zooarchaeology has identified three classes of animal domesticates:
- [[File:Felis catus-cat on snow.jpg|alt=A felis catus|thumb|A [[House cat|cat]]]]Pets (dogs, cats, ferrets, hamsters, etc.)
- Livestock (cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.)
- Beasts of burden (horses, camels, donkeys, etc.)
Domesticated animals
| Species and subspecies | Wild ancestor | Date | Location of origin | Purposes | Image | Changes from wild ancestor/ Notes | Extent in the wild vs. captivity | Taxon group | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic dog (Canis familiaris) | Extinct Pleistocene population of the grey wolf (Canis lupus ssp.) | 13,000 BCE | China, | meat, leather, fiber, hunting, herding, guarding, fighting, racing, working, rescuing, guiding, policing, draft, pack, sport, service, therapy, narcotics detection, truffle harvesting, pest control, research, education, show, pets | [[File:Pembroke Welsh Corgi 600.jpg | 130px]] | author=Coppinger, Ray | title=Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-684-85530-1 | publisher=Scribner | location=New York | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/dogsstartlingnew00raym}} significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes as well | Domestic and feral dogs both very common, ancestor or nearest wild relative less common, but not rare | 1c Carnivora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) | Possibly the Armenian mouflon (Ovis gmelini gmelini) | 11 000 BCE to 9000 BCE | Anatolia, Iran | meat, milk, fiber, leather, hides, pelts, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, ornamental, show, pets | [[File:Pair of Icelandic Sheep.jpg | 130px]] | Some physical changes | Common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic pig (Sus domesticus) | Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),{{cite web | url=https://www.thoughtco.com/the-domestication-of-pigs-170665 | date=April 29, 2017 | title=The Domestication of Pigs - Sus scrofa's Two Distinct Histories | publisher=ThoughtCo | access-date=26 July 2017}} Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis){{cite web | url=http://www.kaogu.cn/en/Research_work/Archaeological_sciences_and_tec/2013/1025/30259.html | date=September 12, 2005 | title=Pig Domestication in Ancient China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European cattle or taurine cattle (Bos taurus) | Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)† | 8500 BCESource : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France | China, Western Asia | meat, milk, leather, hides, fiber, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, draft, mount, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, weed control, worship, show, pets | [[File:Koe in weiland bij Gorssel.JPG | 130px]] | Some physical changes | Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral populations fairly common | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic goat (Capra hircus) | Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) | 8000 BCE | Iran | milk, meat, fiber, skin, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, clearing land, show, pets | [[File:Capra, Crete 4.jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Common in captivity, threatened in the wild, feral populations common | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zebu, Brahman cattle, indicine cattle or humped cattle (Bos indicus) | Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† | 8000 BCE | Indian subcontinent | meat, milk, leather, hides, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, show, pets | [[File:Female zebu cattle.JPG | 130px]] | Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity, wild relatives extinct | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic cat or house cat (Felis catus) | Common North African wildcat (Felis lybica lybica) | 8000–7500 BCE | the Near East | meat, pelts, pest control, research, show, pets | [[File:Jammlich crop.jpg | 130px]] | Tame, slight physical changes | Very abundant in captivity; true wildcat species less abundant, though not rare, feral populations very common | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | Bangladesh red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) | 6000 BCE | India and Southeast Asia | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, manure, guarding, alarming, fighting, racing, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets | [[File:Poltava chicken breed female.jpg | 130px]] | Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes | Very common in the wild and in captivity | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) | Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) | 5000 BCE | Peru | meat, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets | [[File:Caviaklein.jpg | 130px]] | Tame, slight physical changes | Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic donkey, domestic ass or burro (Equus asinus) | African wild ass (Equus africanus), including subspecies Nubian (E. a. africanus) and Somali wild ass (E. a. somaliensis){{cite web | url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/identity-of-pompeii%E2%80%99s-mystery-horse-revealed | date=December 17, 2010 | title=Identity of Pompeii's mystery horse revealed | publisher=University of Cambridge | access-date=30 September 2017}} | 5000 BCERoger Blench, | Nubia | meat, milk, manure, working, plowing, guarding, racing, draft, pack, mount, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gayal or Mithun (Bos frontalis) | last1=Wu1 | first1=Dong-Dong | last2=Ding | first2=Xiang-Dong | last3=Wang | first3=Sheng | last4=Wójcik | first4=Jan M. | last5=Zhang | first5=Yi | last6=Tokarska | first6=Małgorzata | last7=Li | first7=Yan | last8=Wang | first8=Ming-Shan | last9= Faruque | first9=Omar | last10=Nielsen | first10=Rasmus | last11=Zhang | first11=Qin | last12=Zhang | first12=Ya-Ping | date=July 2018 | title=Pervasive introgression facilitated domestication and adaptation in the Bos species complex | url=https://nielsen-lab.github.io/pdfs/papers/bos.pdf | journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution | volume=2 | issue=7 | pages=1139–1145 | doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0562-y | pmid=29784979 | bibcode=2018NatEE...2.1139W | s2cid=29154258 | access-date=10 December 2022}} | 5000 BCE | Southeast Asia, Northeast India | meat, milk, horns, dung | [[File:Bos gaurus (Gayal) male.JPG | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
| Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | Common mallard (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos) | 4000 BCE | China | meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets | [[File:Pekin Ducks cropped.jpg | 130px]] | Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild | 2a Anseriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) | 4000 BCE | India, China, the Philippines | meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, mount, lawn mowing, show | [[File:Water Buffalo, Phayao Lake.jpg | 130px]] | Mainly unchanged from the wild animal | author=Cockrill, W. R. | year=1977 | url=http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf | title=The water buffalo | publisher=Animal Production and Health Series No. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | location=Rome | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141330/http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf | archive-date=June 16, 2013}} | 1b Bovidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius){{cite web | url=https://metro.co.uk/2015/06/11/bad-news-for-anyone-who-likes-to-drink-camel-urine-5240920/ | date=June 11, 2015 | title=This is why people drink camel urine | Metro]] | access-date=18 February 2020}} | Unknown | 4000 BCE | Arabia, the Horn of Africa | meat, milk, urine, racing, hunting, pack, mount, show, pets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) including subspecies German (A. m. mellifera), Italian (A. m. ligustica), Carniolan (A. m. carnica), Caucasian (A. m. caucasia), Greek (A. m. cecropia), Saharan (A. m. sahariensis) and Egyptian honey bees (A. m. lamarckii) | - | 4000 BCE (the modern era for A. m. mellifera, the 1880s for A. m. ligustica, uncertain for A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasia, A. m. cecropia, A. m. sahariensis and A. m. lamarckii) | Europe (including Germany, Italy, Greece, Slovenia and the United Kingdom), Georgia, North Africa | honey, wax, propolis, bee brood, royal jelly, venom, pollen, pollination, research | [[File:Bee-apis.jpg | 130px]] | Some physical and behavioral changes, actual domestication status is still a point of contention | Very common in captivity, feral populations common, extent of status in the wild unclear; see Western honey bee for details | 6a Hymenoptera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic horse (Equus caballus) | Extinct unknown population of the wild horse (Equus ferus), possibly the tarpan or European wild horse (E. f. ferus)†{{cite web | url=https://genestogenomes.org/the-genetic-history-of-horses/ | date=November 7, 2016 | title=The Genetic History of Horses | publisher=Genes to Genomes | access-date=22 August 2017}} | 4000-3500 BCE | Ukraine or Kazakhstan | milk, meat, leather, hair, manure, working, plowing, fighting, racing, servicing, guiding, draft, pack, mount, execution, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) | Banteng (Bos javanicus) | 3500 BCE | Bali, Indonesia | meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, draft, show | [[File:Banteng Domesticated Bali Bull.PNG | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Common in captivity, endangered in the wild | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori) | Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) | 3000 BCE | China | silk, animal feed, pets | [[File:Silkworms3000px.jpg | 130px]] | Tame/held in captivity, some physical changes, flightless | Fairly common in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear | 6b Lepidoptera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eri silkmoth (Samia ricini) | Ailanthus silkmoth (Samia cynthia) and wild eri silkmoth (Samia canningi) | date uncertain | India | silk, pets | [[File:At Mariposario del Drago 2022 006.jpg | 130px]] | Tame/held in captivity, some physical changes | Common in captivity | 6b Lepidoptera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) | Rock dove (Columba livia) | 3000 BCE | the Mediterranean Basin | meat, manure, racing, messenger, ornamental, show, pets | [[File:Homing pigeon.jpg | 130px]] | Artificially selected and bred into many varieties including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds and fancy plumage breeds | Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral populations extremely abundant | 2c Columbiformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic goose and domestic swan goose (Anser anser domesticus and A. cygnoides domesticus) | Greylag goose (Anser anser) and swan goose (A. cygnoides) | 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides | Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) | meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, weed control, show, pets | [[File:Neugierige Hausgans.JPG | 130px]] | Considerable physical changes | Common in the wild and in captivity | 2a Anseriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic yak (Bos grunniens) | Wild yak (Bos mutus) | 2500 BCE | Tibet, Nepal | meat, milk, fiber, horns, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, pack, mount, show, pets | [[File:The Yak.jpg | 130px]] | Tame, slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) | Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) | 2500 BCE | Central Asia (Afghanistan) | meat, milk, hair, dung, pack, mount, show, pets | [[File:Temee.jpg | 130px]] | Tame, few physical changes | Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Llama (Lama glama) | Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis) | 2400 BCE | Peru, Bolivia | meat, fiber, manure, working, guarding, racing, draft, pack, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets | [[File:Pack llamas posing near Muir Trail.jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Fairly common in the wild and in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alpaca (Lama pacos) | Vicuña (Lama vicugna mensalis) | 2400 BCE | Peru, Bolivia | meat, milk, fiber, manure, guarding, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets | [[File:Corazon Full.jpg | 130px]] | Considerable physical changes | Fairly common in the wild and in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris domesticus) | West African helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) | 2400 BCE | West Africa | meat, eggs, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, show, pets | [[File:Domesticated Guineafowl - geograph.org.uk - 543901.jpg | 130px]] | Mainly unaltered from the wild population | Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fuegian dog or Yaghan dog† | Culpeo or Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) | date uncertain | Argentina, Chile | hunting, guarding, warmth, pets | [[File:Fuegian dog (1863).jpg | 130px]] | Tame, slight physical changes | Extinct | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic ferret (Mustela furo) | Common polecat (Mustela putorius putorius) and Mediterranean polecat (M. p. aureola) | 1500 BCE | North Africa, Iberia | hunting, racing, pest control, show, pets | [[File:Ferret 2008.png | 130px]] | Tame, slight physical changes | Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild, feral populations rare | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) | Wild Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata sylvestris) | 700–600 BCE | South America | meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets | [[File:MuscovyDuck.jpg | 130px]] | Tame, some physical changes | Common in captivity, feral populations rare | 2a Anseriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Barbary dove or ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria) | African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) | 500 BCE | North Africa | meat, show, pets | [[File:Feral Barbary Dove.jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Common in both captivity and feral populations | 2c Columbiformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) | South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) | 180 CE | Mexico | meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets | [[File:White turkeys.jpg | 130px]] | Considerable physical changes | Common in the wild and in captivity | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goldfish (Carassius auratus) | Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) | 300 CE to 400 CE | China | racing, pest control, ornamental, show, pets | [[File:Gullfiskur.jpg | 130px]] | Tame, significant physical changes | Very common and abundant in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) | Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus){{cite web | url=https://phys.org/news/2014-08-reveals-wild-rabbits-genetically.html | date=August 28, 2014 | title=New study reveals how wild rabbits were genetically transformed into tame rabbits | publisher=Phys | access-date=6 July 2017}} | 600 CE | Europe | meat, fiber, pelts, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) | Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) | the 11th century CE | Japan | ornamental, show, pets | [[File:Ojiya Nishikigoi no Sato ac (3).jpg | 130px]] | Tame, considerable physical changes | Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) or Domesticated quail | Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) | the 11~12th century CE | Japan | meat, eggs, research, pets | [[File:Japanese Quail.jpg | 130px]] | considerable physical changes | Common in the wild and in captivity | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) | Wild canary (Serinus canaria canaria) | the 15th century CE | the Canary Islands, Europe | coal mining, fighting, research, show, pets | [[File:Zwei Kanarienvögel.JPG | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Common in the wild and in captivity | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Society finch or Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata domestica) | White-rumped munia or striated finch (Lonchura striata swinhoei) with some contribution from the Indian silverbill or white-throated munia (Euodice malabarica) | unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE | Japan | pets, show, research | [[File:Rbruni.JPG | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity; common in the wild | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fancy mouse or laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domestica) | Western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), Japanese house mouse (Mus musculus molossinus) | 1100 BCE (China), then the 17th century CE (Europe), the 18th Century (Japan) | China, Europe, Japan | animal feed, racing, research, show, pets | [[File:Minimouse.jpg | 130px]] | Tame, significant physical changes | Common in the wild and in captivity | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fancy rat or laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) | Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) | the 19th century CE | the United Kingdom | animal feed, research, show, pets | [[File:Ratte-Vache.jpeg | 130px]] | Tame, some physical and psychological changes | Common in the wild and in captivity | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic mink (Neogale vison domesticus) | Eastern mink (Neogale vison vison), Kenai mink (N. v. melampeplus) and Alaskan mink (N. v. ingens) | Early 1860s | Cassadaga Lakes, New York | fur, hunting, pest control, pets | [[File:Norka amerykańska (neovison vison) (cropped).jpg | 130px]] | Some physical and psychological changes | Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) | Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) | late 19th century to 20th century CE | Prince Edward Island/Soviet Union (Russia) | fur, pelts, research, pets | [[File:Silberfuchs 08.jpg | 130x130px]] | Tame, some physical changes | Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common | 1c Carnivora |
Tame, partially domesticated, and widely captive-bred animals
Due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what precisely constitutes domestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also some species that are extensively commercially used by humans, but are not significantly altered from wild-type animals. Many animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild-type animals due to their extensive interactions with humans, albeit not to the point that they are regarded as distinct forms (therefore, no separate wild ancestors are noted) or would be unable to survive if reintroduced to the wild.
| Species and subspecies | Date | Location of origin | Purpose | Image | Changes from wild ancestor/ Notes | Extent in the wild vs. captivity | Taxon group | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) including subspecies Sri Lankan (E. m. maximus), Indian (E. m. indicus), Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus), Bornean (E. m. borneensis) and formerly Syrian elephants (E. m. asurus)† | 2000 BCE (uncertain for E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis and E. m. asurus)† | India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Nepal, Borneo, China, Indochina, formerly Iran | dung, working, hunting, fighting, racing, transportation, mount, patrol, worship, show | [[File:IndianElephant.jpg | 130px]] | Individuals taken from the wild and tamed on a wide scale | Syrian subspecies extinct in the wild and in captivity; other subspecies somewhat common in captivity, but endangered in the wild | 1e Other mammals | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus domesticus) | 3000 BCE | Fennoscandia, Western Russia (possibly Eastern Russia), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China, Mongolia | meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, transportation, mount, pets | [[File:Caribou using antlers.jpg | 130px]] | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common (Struthio camelus) and Somali ostriches (S. molybdophanes) | date uncertain | Africa, Mesopotamia | meat, eggs, feathers, sacrifices | [[File:Des autruches observés dans la ferme Tatagtou à Dassari dans la commune de Matéri.jpg | 130px]] | 2f Palaeognathae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) | 2320–2150 BCE | Egypt | meat, hides, horns, sacrifices | [[File:Scimitar oryx1.jpg | 130px]] | Small captive population, but nearly extinct in the wild | 1b Bovidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Four-toed (Atelerix albiventris), Algerian (A. algirus), long-eared (Hemiechinus auritus) and Indian long-eared hedgehog (H. collaris) | the 1980s | Central and Eastern Africa | pets | [[File:Baxter flower.jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Common in the wild, somewhat rare in captivity | 1e Other mammals | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Caracal (Caracal caracal) | date uncertain, possibly 200 BCE | Egypt, India, Southern Africa | hunting, pest control, pets | [[File:Caracl (01), Paris, décembre 2013.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) including subspecies Southeast African (A. j. jubatus), Northeast African (A. j. soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetahs (A. j. venaticus) | 1500 BCE | Egypt, India, the Middle East, South Africa | hunting, tourism, pets | [[File:Gepard soemmeringii.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† | date uncertain | Egypt | meat, hides, horns, sacrifices | [[File:Bubalhartebeest-londonzoo.jpg | 130px]] | Historically farmed | Extinct in the wild and in captivity | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) | pre-modern China (date uncertain) | China | pest control, ornamental, pets | [[File:Aix galericulata - Zürich - Hafen Riesbach 2011-01-14 15-58-32.JPG | 130px]] | 2a Anseriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) | date uncertain | Egypt | meat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets | [[File:Alopochen-aegyptiacus.jpg | 130px]] | Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations very common | 2a Anseriformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) | 5000 BCE | China | pest control, pets | [[File:Bengalkatze.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common genet (Genetta genetta) | date uncertain | Africa | pest control, pets | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) including subspecies Chinese (A. c. cerana), Indian (A. c. indica) and Japanese honey bees (A. c. japonica) | date uncertain | South Asia, Thailand, Japan, China | honey, wax, pollination | [[File:Apis cerana, Asiatic honey bee - Khao Yai National Park.jpg | 130px]] | 6a Hymenoptera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European fallow (Dama dama) and Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica) | 1000 BCE | the Mediterranean Basin, the Levant | meat, hides, antlers, pets | [[File:Fallow deer in field.jpg | 130px]] | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | 800 BCE | Europe, Asia | bloodletting, surgery, therapy, research, saliva, pets | [[File:Svømmende blodigle.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 7b Annelida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) | 700–500 BCE | Chile, Peru, Mexico | dye | [[File:Dactylopius coccus (Barlovento) 04 ies.jpg | 130px]] | Very common in the wild | 6d Other insects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indian (Pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (P. muticus) | 500 BCE (uncertain for P. muticus) | India, Java | meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pest control, pets | [[File:Indian Peahens I IMG 9647.jpg | 130px]] | Fairly common in the wild | 2b Galliformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) | kept in ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain | Greece | pets, talking bird | [[File:Beo-2.jpg | 130px]] | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) including subspecies African (P. k. krameri) and Indian rose-ringed parakeets (P. k. manillensis); Alexandrine Parakeets (P. eupatria) | classical antiquity (date uncertain) | West Africa, India | pets, talking bird | [[File:Rose-ringed Parakeet I IMG 9797.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred, plumage colour changes | 2e Psittaciformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red deer (Cervus elaphus) including subspecies Caspian (C. e. maral), Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) | ~1 CE | China, Russia, Europe (including the United Kingdom), Iran | meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets | [[File:Deer Stag AdF.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Roman snail (Helix pomatia) | 100 CE | Europe | meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets | [[File:Helix pomatia 89a.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 7a Mollusca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) | 180 CE | Mexico, the Amazon Basin | honey, wax, propolis, pollination, pets | [[File:M. scutellaris Hive.jpg | 130px]] | 6a Hymenoptera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White (Cacatua alba), sulphur-crested (C. galerita), Salmon-crested (C. moluccensis), blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), and Red-vented cockatoos (C. haematuropygia); long-billed (C. tenuirostris), western (C. pastinator), little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corellas (C. goffiniana) | the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE) (C. alba) | China, Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea | pets, show | [[File:Cacatua alba -pet-8a.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 2e Psittaciformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Great (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Japanese cormorants (P. capillatus) | 960 CE | China, Japan | fishing | [[File:Phalacrocorax carbo ja01.jpg | 130px]] | 2h Other birds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mute swan (Cygnus olor) | 1000-1500 CE | Europe (including the United Kingdom) | meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pets | [[File:CygneVaires.jpg | 130px]] | 2a Anseriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House cricket (Acheta domesticus) | the 12th century CE | Southwestern Asia, China, Japan | meat, animal feed, fighting, pets | [[File:Acheta domesticus, adultes Weibchen.jpg | 130px]] | Somewhat common in captivity, very common in the wild | 6d Other insects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) | 1100–1900 CE | Eurasia | meat, eggs, research, pets | [[File:Coturnix coturnix, Fraunberg, Bayern, Deutschland 1.jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | 1200–1500 CE | Europe, Asia | meat, eggs, pets | [[File:LakePowellCarp5437.jpg | 130px]] | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) | the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 CE) | China | pets | [[File:Buberel Lonchura oryzivora 3.jpg | 130px]] | Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Java sparrows from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable | Threatened in the wild | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Siamese fighting fish or betta (Betta splendens); Spotted betta (B. picta) | the 19th century CE (uncertain for B. picta) | Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo | fighting, show, pets | [[File:HM Orange M Sarawut.jpg | 130px]] | Very significant physical and slight behavioral changes | Common in captivity | 5c Anabantiformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) | date uncertain | the United States, Sonora | meat, eggs, feathers, pets | [[File:Virginiawachtel 2007-06-16 065.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred, plumage changes | 2b Galliformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) | date uncertain | Europe | pets, singing | [[File:Carduelis carduelis close up.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 2d Passeriformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii) | date uncertain | India | pest control, fighting, pets | [[File:Herpestes edwardsii at Hyderaba.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Golden (Chrysolophus pictus) and Lady Amherst's pheasants (C. amherstiae) | date uncertain | China | ornamental, pest control, pets | [[File:Male Golden Pheasant DC.jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| title=World Watch List for domestic animal diversity | date=2000-10-01 | publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization | isbn=92-5-104511-9 | edition=3rd | location=Rome | language=EN | url=https://www.fao.org/docrep/pdf/009/x8750e/x8750e.pdf | others=Edited by Beate D. Scherf | access-date=2025-03-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206191151/https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5221e817-f4fb-48de-9e3c-9fcaaa5087b1/content | archive-date=2025-02-06 | archive-format=PDF | url-status=live}} especially Casuarius casuarius | date uncertain | Papua New Guinea | meat, feathers, bones, toenails, ritual, status symbol | [[File:Southern Cassowary.jpg | 130px]] | Not fully domesticated; longstanding village-based rearing, traditionally wild-caught chicks reared by hand | Large, flightless ratites; adults can be extremely dangerous and are only semi-tame in captivity; limited successful breeding when confined | Still relatively abundant in the wild but declining; captive rearing occurs in some highland villages | 2f Palaeognathae | |||||||||
| Common (Phasianus colchicus) and green pheasants (P. versicolor) | date uncertain | Asia, Japan | meat, eggs, ornamental, pest control, pets | [[File:Pheasant.jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sika deer (Cervus nippon) | date uncertain | China, Taiwan, Japan | meat, hides, antlers, tourism, pets | [[File:Sikahjort.jpg | 130px]] | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common (Taurotragus oryx) and Giant eland (T. derbianus) | date uncertain | Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya | meat, milk, leather, hides, horns | [[File:Taurotragus oryx.jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) | date uncertain | the southeastern United States | meat, hides, teeth, blood, pets | [[Image:American Alligator.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | Once uncommon in the wild; captive breeding has led to the species both recovering across and repopulating much of its range. | 3d Other reptiles | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eurasian elk or moose (Alces alces) including subspecies Alaskan moose (A. a. gigas) | date uncertain | Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska | meat, milk, hides, antlers, working, draft, mount, transportation, research, pets | [[Image:Milkmaid-and-Moose-Cow-hp4080.jpg | 130px]] | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) | the 1850s | Australia | pets, show, talking bird | [[File:Melopsittacus undulatus -Zoo Atlanta-8a.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes, some breeds are physically larger | Fairly common in the wild and in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) | the 1870s | Australia | pets, show, talking bird | [[File:Nymphicus hollandicus -garden-8.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes | Common in the wild and in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elk or wapiti (Cervus canadensis) | date uncertain | North America, Russia, China | meat, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets | [[File:Rocky Mountain Bull Elk.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European mink (Mustela lutreola) | the 1800s | Europe, Russia | fur | [[File:Mink1.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coypu or nutria (Myocastor coypus) | the late 19th to the early 20th century CE | Argentina | meat, fur, aquatic weed control, pets | [[File:Ratao do banhado 1 REFON.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 1d Rodentia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| doi=10.1007/s10126-002-0007-z | pmid=14961248 | title=Genetic Diversity Within and Among Feral Populations and Domesticated Strains of the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) in Singapore | journal=Marine Biotechnology | volume=4 | issue=4 | pages=367–378 | year=2002 | last1=Khoo | first1=Gideon | last2=Lim | first2=Kok Fang | last3=Gan | first3=Damien K.Y. | last4=Chen | first4=Fan | last5=Chan | first5=Woon-Khiong | last6=Lim | first6=Tit Meng | last7=Phang | first7=Violet P.E. | bibcode=2002MarBt...4..367K | s2cid=8358855 }} Cauca (P. caucana), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatán mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) | date uncertain | Barbados, Brazil, El Salvador, Guyana, Mexico, Venezuela | bait, pest control, research, pets | [[File:Guppy coppia gialla.jpg | 130px]] | 5e Other fish | ||
| Lesser fruit fly, vinegar fly or pomace fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | the 1910s | Australia, South Africa | research, animal feed | [[File:Drosophila melanogaster - side (aka).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred, some varieties flightless | 6d Other insects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) | the 1920s | China | research, biotechnology, pets | [[File:Chinesedsaffa.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), yellow-collared (A. personatus), and Fischer's lovebirds (A. fischeri) | the 1920s (uncertain for A. personatus, A. fischeri) | Africa, Madagascar | pets | [[File:Agapornis fischeri -Ueno Zoo, Japan -three-8a-4c.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes in rosy-faced lovebird | 2e Psittaciformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae; various species and subspecies) | the 1920s | northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia | pest control, pets | [[File:Red m boesemani.jpg | 130px]] | 5e Other fish | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) | the 1930s | Syria, Turkey | pets, research | [[File:Golden hamster front 1.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) | the 20th century CE | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey | pets, research | [[File:Хомяк брандта.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) | the 1930s | the Andes | fur, research, pets | [[File:Chinchilla lanigera1.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) | the 1930s | the Andes | fur | [[File:Chinchilla brevicaudata.jpg | 130px]] | Raised in captivity | Critically endangered in the wild | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Water flea (Daphnia magna) | the 1930s | North America, Eurasia, Africa | research, animal feed | [[File:Daphnia magna-female adult.jpg | 130px]] | 6e Other arthropods | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| African (Xenopus laevis) and western clawed frogs (X. tropicalis) | the 1950s (uncertain for X. tropicalis) | Southern Africa, West Africa | research, pets | [[File:Xenopus laevis 1.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 4a Anura | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos) | the 1950s | the United States | pets, research | [[File:SeaMonkiesInAquarium.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6e Other arthropods | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ball (Python regius), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short-tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed pythons (P. brongersmai) | the 1960s (uncertain for P. breitensteini, P. curtus and P. brongersmai) | Africa, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia | pets | [[File:Ball python lucy.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3a Serpentes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspecies dwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai) | date uncertain | Myanmar, Thailand, Bali, Java, Sulawesi | meat, skins, medicine, pets | [[File:Python bivittatus тигровый питон.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3a Serpentes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campbell's (Phodopus campbelli), winter white (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamsters (P. roborovskii) | the 1960s | Mongolia, Russia, China | pets, research | [[File:Phodopus roborovskii side.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); tiger (A. tigrinum) and barred tiger salamanders (A. mavortium) | the 20th century CE (uncertain for A. tigrinum and A. mavortium) | Mexico, the United States | research, pets | [[File:Ambystoma mexicanum at Vancouver Aquarium.jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | A. mexicanum Critically endangered in the wild; A. tigrinum and A. mavortium less threatened | 4b Other amphibians | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) | the 20th century CE (uncertain for E. m. afghanicus) | Pakistan, Afghanistan | pets | [[File:Male Leopard Gecko.JPG | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity | 3b Lacertilia | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| American bison (Bison bison) including subspecies wood bison (B. b. athabascae) | the 20th century CE (uncertain for B. b. athabascae) | North America | meat, leather, hides, fiber, horns, guarding, pets | [[File:Tatanka.jpg | 130px]] | Over 90% of bison are in privately-owned commercial herds | 1b Bovidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Companion parrots (Psittaciformes; various species and subspecies) | the 1980s and 1990s | Australia, Africa, Asia, North America, Central America, South America, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji | pets, show, talking bird, ornamental, guarding, education, therapy | [[File:Congo African Grey pet on a perch.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred, plumage colour changes in some species (e.g. grey parrot, turquoise-fronted amazon, green-cheeked parakeet and others) | 2e Psittaciformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae spp.) | the mid- to late 20th century CE | Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela | pets | [[File:Dendrobates tinctorius - Karlsruhe Zoo 05.jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity | 4a Anura | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common (Lampropeltis getula), grey-banded (L. alterna), and Thayer's kingsnakes (L. mexicana thayeri); Milk snake (L. triangulum) | date uncertain | Arizona, Florida, Mexico, California | pets | [[File:Lampropeltis getula getula.jpg | 130px]] | 3a Serpentes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corn (Pantherophis guttatus) and western rat snakes (P. obsoletus) | the 1960s (uncertain for P. obsoletus) | the United States | pets | [[File:Kornnatter.jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild | 3a Serpentes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Madagascar (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and wide-horned hissing cockroaches (G. oblongonota) | the 1960s (uncertain for G. oblongonota) | Madagascar | pets | [[File:Female Madagascar hissing cockroach.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6c Blattodea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) and related species | the 1970s | Australia | pets | [[File:Bartagame (fcm).jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | 3b Lacertilia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) | the 1970s | China | meat, algae control | [[File:Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Hungary.jpg | 130px]] | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) | the 1980s | Australia | pest control, pets | [[File:Petaurus breviceps 1.jpg | 130px]] | Captive bred. Non-wild color variations | 1e Other mammals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Buff-tailed (Bombus terrestris) and common eastern bumblebees (B. impatiens) | the 1980s (uncertain for B. impatiens) | Europe (including the United Kingdom), North America | wax, pollination | [[File:Bumblebee October 2007-3a.jpg | 130px]] | 6a Hymenoptera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gambian (Cricetomys gambianus) and Emin's pouched rats (C. emini) | at least 1997, but possibly the early 1990s (uncertain for C. emini) | Sub-Saharan Africa | meat, landmine detection, tuberculosis detection, pest control, pets | [[File:CrycetomysGambianus_Apsilia_2.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater or Ñandú (Rhea americana) and Darwin's rheas (R. pennata) | the 1990s (uncertain for R. pennata) | South America | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets | [[File:Rhea side profile.jpg | 130px]] | 2f Palaeognathae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae) | the 1990s | Australia | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets | [[File:Emu-wild.jpg | 130px]] | 2f Palaeognathae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis) | date uncertain | Kenya | meat, leather, hides, horns | [[File:Beisa, Tsawo-Wes, Kenia.jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common degu (Octodon degus) | the 1990s | the Chilean Andes | pets, research | [[File:Octodon degus -Heidelberg Zoo, Germany-8a.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus); Persian (M. persicus), Libyan (M. libycus), Shaw's (M. shawi), Tristram's (M. tristrami) and Sundevall's jirds (M. crassus) | the 1990s (uncertain for M. persicus, M. libycus, M. shawi, M. tristrami and M. crassus) | Mongolia, Algeria, Iran, Libya, Turkey, Egypt | pets, research | [[File:Golden Agouti Male 4-1-05.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Green (Iguana iguana) and Lesser Antillean iguanas (I. delicatissima) | the 1990s (uncertain for I. delicatissima) | South America, the Lesser Antilles | meat, leather, pets | [[File:St Thomas Marriott Iguana 9 cropped.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3b Lacertilia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carpet python (Morelia spilota) including subspecies diamond python (M. s. spilota); eastern (M. s. mcdowelli), Murray Darling (M. s. metcalfei), Torresian (M. s. variegata) and jungle carpet pythons (M. s. cheynei) | date uncertain | Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea | pets | [[File:Australian-Carpet-Python.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3a Serpentes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern green tree (Morelia viridis), southwestern carpet (M. imbricata), rough-scaled (M. carinata) and Bredl's pythons (M. bredli) | the mid-1990s (uncertain for M. carinata and M. bredli) | Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea | pets | [[File:Morelia-viridis.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3a Serpentes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red-tailed (Calyptorhynchus banksii), yellow-tailed (C. funereus) and glossy black cockatoos (C. lathami) | the late 1990s (uncertain for C. funereus and C. lathami) | Australia | pets, education | [[File:Red tailed Black Cockatoo in flight.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 2e Psittaciformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) | the late 1990s | Australia | pets, show | [[File:Male adult Gouldian Finch.jpg | 130px]] | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Australian green (Ranoidea caerulea), orange-eyed (R. chloris), leaf green (R. phyllochroa), mountain stream (R. barringtonensis), magnificent (R. splendida), Blue Mountains (R. citropa) and dainty green tree frogs (R. gracilenta); growling grass frog (R. raniformis) | the late 20th century CE (uncertain for R. chloris, R. phyllochroa, R. barringtonensis, R. splendida, R. citropa, R. gracilenta and R. raniformis) | Australia | research, pets | [[File:Litoria caerulea - Darwin NT.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 4a Anura | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata), Brazilian (C. aurita), Venezuelan (C. calcarata), Surinam (C. cornuta), Caatinga (C. joazeirensis), Pacific (C. stolzmanni) and Cranwell's horned frogs (C. cranwelli) | the late 20th century CE (uncertain for C. aurita, C. calcarata, C. cornuta, C. joazeirensis, C. stolzmanni and C. cranwelli) | Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Ecuador | pets | [[File:Argentine Horned Frog (Ceratophrys ornata)1.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 4a Anura | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crucian (Carassius carassius), Japanese white crucian (C. cuvieri) and Prussian carp (C. gibelio); ginbuna (C. langdorfii) | the 2000s (uncertain for C. cuvieri, C. gibelio and C. langdorfii) | England, Russia, Japan | meat, research, pets | [[File:Carassius carassius Prague Vltava 2.jpg | 130px]] | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King quail (Synoicus chinensis) | date uncertain | Asia, Australia | pets | [[File:Excalfactoria chinensis (aka).jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common (Corvus corax), white-necked (C. albicollis) and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); carrion (C. corone), hooded (C. cornix), American (C. brachyrhynchos), pied (C. albus) and house crows (C. splendens); rook (C. frugilegus) | date uncertain | Europe, Africa, India, Australia, North America | pest control, research, show, pets | [[File:Corvus albus -Etosha National Park, Namibia-8.jpg | 130px]] | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster) | date uncertain | India | fishing | [[File:Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster) 21-Mar-2007 6-10-09 AM.JPG | 130px]] | 2h Other birds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern (Chauna torquata) and northern screamers (C. chavaria) | date uncertain | South America | guarding | [[File:Southern screamer (Chauna torquata).JPG | 130px]] | 2a Anseriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta) | date uncertain | South America | guarding | [[File:Anhima cornuta -near Manu Wildlife Center, Manu National Park, Peru -three-8.jpg | 130px]] | 2a Anseriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) | date uncertain | South America | guarding | [[File:Red-legged Seriema RWD1.jpg | 130px]] | 2h Other birds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Golden (Aquila chrysaetos),eastern imperial (A. heliaca), Spanish imperial (A. adalberti), wedge-tailed (A. audax), steppe (A. nipalensis), tawny (A. rapax), Bonelli's (A. fasciata) and Verreaux's eagles (A. verreauxii); African hawk-eagle (A. spilogaster) | date uncertain | Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Africa, Australia | falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets | [[File:Aquila chrysaetos Flickr.jpg | 130px]] | 2g Accipitridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and white-tailed eagles (H. albicilla); African fish eagle (H. vocifer); white-bellied sea (H. leucogaster) and Steller's sea eagles (H. pelagicus) | date uncertain | North America, Europe, Russia, Africa, Australia | falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets | [[File:Weisskopf Seeadler haliaeetus leucocephalus 2 amk.jpg | 130px]] | 2g Accipitridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi) | date uncertain | the United States | falconry, pest control, show, pets | [[File:Harris Hawk 1b (5087160692).jpg | 130px]] | 2g Accipitridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eurasian (Astur gentilis), American (As. atricapillus), crested (Lophospiza trivirgata) and African goshawks (Aerospiza tachiro); Cooper's (As. cooperii) and sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus); Eurasian (Ac. nisus), Ovambo (Ac. ovampensis), collared (T. cirrocephala), Japanese (T. gularis) and black sparrowhawks (As. melanoleucus); besra (T. virgata); shikra (T. badia); (all previously placed in the Accipiter genus) | date uncertain | Europe, Asia, Africa, North America | falconry, pest control, show, pets | [[File:Accipiter gentilis -owned by a falconer in Scotland -upper body-8a.jpg | 130px]] | 2g Accipitridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), Kestrel (F. sparverius), Peregrine (F. peregrinus), Saker (F. cherrug) and other falcons | 2000 BC | Mesopotamia | falconry, pest control | [[File:Falco_mexicanus_-Avian_Conservation_Center,_near_Charleston,_South_Carolina,_USA-8a.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred and tamed wild-caught, sometimes hybridized | 2h Other birds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) including subspecies Western Siberian (B. b. sibiricus), Eastern Siberian (B. b. yenisseensis) and Turkmenian eagle-owls (B. b. omissus) | date uncertain | Europe, Russia, Turkmenistan | pest control, show, pets | [[File:Uhu-muc.jpg | 130px]] | 2h Other birds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tawny owl (Strix aluco) | date uncertain | Europe (including the United Kingdom) | pest control, show, pets | [[File:Tawny Owl.jpg | 130px]] | 2h Other birds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) | date uncertain | Peru | meat, eggs, pest control | [[File:Plegadis ridgwayi -Huacarpay Lakes, near Cusco, Peru-8.jpg | 130px]] | 2h Other birds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis) | date uncertain | Sulawesi | meat, tusks, pets | [[File:Sus celebensis.png | 130px]] | Historically farmed | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red-necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus), | the 2000s | Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales | lawn mowing, research, tourism, pets | [[File:Red-necked wallaby.gk.jpg | 130px]] | 1e Other mammals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) | date uncertain | Australia | meat, leather, tourism, pets | [[File:Red kangaroo - melbourne zoo.jpg | 130px]] | 1e Other mammals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tiger (Dasyurus maculatus), eastern (D. viverrinus), western (D. geoffroii) and northern quolls (D. hallucatus) | date uncertain | Australia | pest control, pets | [[File:Dasyurus maculatus.jpg | 130px]] | 1e Other mammals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) | date uncertain | Bangladesh | fishing, pets | [[File:Smooth-coat-otter.JPG | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beech marten (Martes foina) and sable (M. zibellina) | date uncertain | Europe, Russia, India | fur, pest control, pets | [[File:Steinmarder (cropped).jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fisher or Pennant's marten (Pekania pennanti) | date uncertain | North America | fur, pest control, research, pets | [[File:Fisher-face-snow - West Virginia - ForestWander.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Least (Mustela nivalis), Siberian (M. sibirica) and yellow-bellied weasels (M. kathiah); European polecat (M. putorius) | date uncertain | Europe, Russia, India | pest control, pets | [[File:Mustela sibirica dd winter 2002.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lesser grison (Galictis cuja) | date uncertain | South America | hunting, pest control, pets | [[File:Galictis cuja - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC02636.JPG | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) | date uncertain | Argentina, Chile | pest control, pets | [[File:Lyncodon patagonicus1.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common raccoon (Procyon lotor) | date uncertain | North America | pest control, show, pets | [[File:Procyon lotor 7 - am Wasser.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) | date uncertain | North America, Central America | pest control, pets | [[File:Squaw-ringtail-28073.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mountain paca (Cuniculus taczanowskii) | date uncertain | Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador | meat, pets | [[File:Cuniculus paca.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Malayan (Hystrix brachyura),Sunda (H. javanica), Indian crested (H. indica), African crested (H. cristata), Cape (H. africaeaustralis) and Philippine porcupines (H. pumila) | date uncertain | Vietnam, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Africa | meat, quills, pets | [[File:Hystrix brachyura, Malayan porcupine.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) | date uncertain | the Eurasian steppe | pets | [[File:Lagurus lagurus.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lesser Egyptian (Gerbillus gerbillus), greater Egyptian (G. pyramidum), pale (G. perpallidus) and pleasant gerbils (G. amoenus) | date uncertain | Egypt, Libya | pets | [[File:Perpallidus.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) | date uncertain | Europe | pest control, pets | [[File:Micromysminutus1.jpg | 130px]] | 1d Rodentia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese cobra (Naja atra) | date uncertain | China | venom, skins, pets | [[File:Naja atra juvenile.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3a Serpentes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspecies Adelaide (P. e. adelaidae) and yellow rosellas (P. e. flaveolus) | date uncertain | Australia | pets | [[File:Platycercus elegans Wilsons Prom.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 2e Psittaciformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Western (Platycercus icterotis), green (P. caledonicus), pale-headed (P. adscitus) and northern rosellas (P. venustus) | date uncertain | Australia | pets | [[File:Platycercus icterotis1.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 2e Psittaciformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspecies golden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica) | date uncertain | Australia | pets | [[File:Eastern Rosella (36884763426).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 2e Psittaciformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jenday conure (Aratinga jandaya) | date uncertain | Brazil | [[File:Aratinga Jandaya -in tree-8.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 2e Psittaciformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata), Colombian (T. callirostris), Cuban (T. decussata), D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni), Nicaraguan (T. emolli), ornate (T. ornata), Jamaican (T. terrapen) and Meso-American sliders (T. venusta) | date uncertain | Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Colombia, Cuba, Brazil, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica | pets | [[File:Trachemys decorata.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3c Testudines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pond slider (Trachemys scripta) including subspecies yellow-bellied (T. s. scripta), red-eared (T. s. elegans) and Cumberland sliders (T. s. troostii) | date uncertain | the south-central and southeastern United States | meat, pets | [[File:Sheldonbasking.JPG | 130px]] | Easy to tame | Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild | 3c Testudines | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) | date uncertain | China | meat, pets | [[File:E8976-Namdaemun-Turtles-sold-in-ginseng-shop.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3c Testudines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese pond (Mauremys reevesii) and yellow pond turtles (M. mutica) | date uncertain | China | meat, pets | [[File:Chinemys reevesii 02.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3c Testudines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) | date uncertain | Florida | meat, pets | [[File:Common Snapping Turtle.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3c Testudines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Keeled box (Cuora mouhotii) and Golden coin turtles (C. trifasciata) | date uncertain | China | meat, pets | [[File:Cuora trifasciata.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3c Testudines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) | date uncertain | China | meat, pets | [[File:Palea steindachneri.jpeg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3c Testudines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) | date uncertain | Brazil | meat, pets | [[File:Podocnemis expansa INPA.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3c Testudines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Saltwater (Crocodylus porosus), Nile (C. niloticus), West African (C. suchus), mugger (C. palustris), American (C. acutus), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), freshwater (C. johnsoni), Siamese (C. siamensis), Philippine (C. mindorensis) and New Guinea crocodiles (C. novaeguineae) | date uncertain | Florida, Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Africa, Iran, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines, Australia, Papua New Guinea | meat, hides, teeth, blood, fat, guarding, tourism, show, pets | [[File:Nilecroc100.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 3d Other reptiles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crimson (Neochmia phaeton) and red-browed finches (N. temporalis) | date uncertain | New Guinea, Australia | pets, show | [[File:Neochmia phaeton -Middle Point, Northern Territory, Australia-8.jpg | 130px]] | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Star finch (Bathilda ruficauda) | date uncertain | Australia | pets, show | [[File:Neochmia ruficauda.jpg | 130px]] | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) | date uncertain | Hungary, the United Kingdom | meat, eggs, feathers, pets | [[File:Perdix perdix (Marek Szczepanek).jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara) | date uncertain | France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman | meat, eggs, feathers, pets | [[File:Perdrix rouge.jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese bamboo partridge (Bambusicola thoracicus) | date uncertain | China, India | meat, eggs, feathers, pets | [[File:Bambusicola thoracicus1.jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) | date uncertain | Nepal | meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets | [[File:Lophophorus impejanus Zoo DU 2.jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scaled (Callipepla squamata), elegant (C. douglasii), Gambel's (C. gambelii) and California quails (C. californica) | date uncertain | Mexico, Utah, California | meat, eggs, feathers, pets | [[File:Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata) (20164244389).jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) | date uncertain | Mexico | meat, eggs, feathers, pets | [[File:Montezuma Quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae).jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) | date uncertain | Ethiopia | meat, pest control, pets | [[File:Acryllium vulturinum -Tsavo East National Park, Kenya-8.jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), rain (C. coromandelica) and stubble quails (C. pectoralis) | date uncertain | Africa, India, Australia | meat, eggs, feathers, pets | [[File:Harlequin Quail (Coturnix delegorguei) (6035291347).jpg | 130px]] | 2b Galliformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) | date uncertain | Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore | nests | [[File:AerodramusFuciphagus.LipKee.jpg | 130px]] | 2h Other birds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tarantulas (Theraphosidae, various species and subspecies) | date uncertain | North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, Papua New Guinea | research, venom, pets | [[File:Brachypelma smithi 2009 G09.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | Common in captivity, becoming rare in the wild | 6e Other arthropods | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crested (Correlophus ciliatus) and suras geckos (C. sarasinorum) | date uncertain | New Caledonia | pets | [[File:Gekkoninae Rhacodactylus ciliatus tete.png | 130px]] | Captive-bred | Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in the wild | 3b Lacertilia | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Roan (Hippotragus equinus) and sable antelopes (H. niger) | date uncertain | South Africa | meat, horns | [[File:Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) adult male.jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), nyala (T. angasii), and Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) | date uncertain | South Africa | meat, hides, horns, pets | [[File:Male greater kudu.jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Blue (Connochaetes taurinus) and black wildebeest (C. gnou) | date uncertain | South Africa, Kenya | meat, leather, hides, horns, pets | [[File:Blue Wildebeests (Connochaetes taurinus) (6451904975).jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) including subspecies blesbok (D. p. phillipsi) | date uncertain | South Africa | meat, hides, horns | [[File:Blesbok at NC zoo.jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) | date uncertain | India, Pakistan | meat, hides, horns, pets | [[File:Nilgauantilope Boselaphus tragocamelus Tierpark Hellabrunn-10.jpg | 130px]] | Historically farmed | 1b Bovidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) | date uncertain | Southeast Asia | pets, research | [[File:Lonchura punctulata (Nagarhole, 2004).jpg | 130px]] | Slight physical changes | Fairly common in the wild and in captivity | 2d Passeriformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) | date uncertain | India, Pakistan | meat, hides, horns, pets | [[File:Blackbuck male female.jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) | date uncertain | South Africa | meat, hides, horns, pets | [[File:Springbok etosha.jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) | date uncertain | North Africa | meat, horns | [[File:BarbarySheep4.jpg | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) | date uncertain | South Africa | meat, leather, horns | [[File:African Buffalo.JPG | 130px]] | 1b Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu) | date uncertain | Brazil | meat, pets | [[File:Collared peccary02 - melbourne zoo.jpg | 130px]] | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris) | date uncertain | China | meat, antlers | [[File:CervusAlbirostris2.jpg | 130px]] | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus) | date uncertain | Virginia, West Virginia, Florida, Montana, Canada, Colombia | meat, hides, antlers, pets | [[File:White-tailed deer.jpg | 130px]] | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), alpine (M. chrysogaster), white-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus) | date uncertain | China, India, Russia | meat, hides, tusks, musk | [[File:Moschustier.jpg | 130px]] | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) | date uncertain | South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria | hunting, guarding, waste management, tourism, show, pets | [[File:Spotted Hyena, Ngorongoro.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) | date uncertain | North Africa | pest control, pets | [[File:Fennec Fox Vulpes zerda.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grey (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and island foxes (U. littoralis) | date uncertain | the eastern United States, the Channel Islands, California | pelts, pest control, pets | [[File:Urocyon littoralis pair.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta) | date uncertain | South Africa | pest control, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets | [[File:Meerkat feb 09.jpg | 130px]] | 1c Carnivora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) | date uncertain | West Africa | pets, pest control | [[File:Cusimanse.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 1c Carnivora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) | date uncertain | Thailand, Indonesia | meat, pets | [[File:Kissfish.jpg | 130px]] | 5c Anabantiformes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Giant (Osphronemus goramy), giant red tail (O. laticlavius) and elephant ear gouramis (O. exodon) | date uncertain | Southeast Asia | meat, weed control, pets | [[File:Osphronemus Gourami (better).png | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5c Anabantiformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red-bellied (Pygocentrus nattereri), piraya (P. piraya) and black spot piranha (P. cariba) | date uncertain | South America | meat, teeth, research, pets | [[File:Gregory Moine - Red bellied Piranha (by).jpg | 130px]] | Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis), southern bluefin (T. maccoyii), yellowfin (T. albacares) and bigeye tunas (T. obesus); albacore or longfin tuna (T. alalunga) | date uncertain | Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii, North America | meat, eggs | [[File:Pacific bluefin tuna.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European sea (Acipenser sturio), white (A. transmontanus), shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and starry sturgeons (A. stellatus) | date uncertain | Europe, Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania, the Aegean Sea | meat, eggs, pets | [[File:4803 white sturgeon swart odfw (4455050144).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), giant (E. lanceolatus), greasy (E. tauvina), areolate (E. areolatus), dusky (E. marginatus), wavy-lined (E. undulosus), six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) and orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides) | date uncertain | Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy, the Indo-Pacific | meat | [[File:Epinephelus malabaricus in UShaka Sea World 1098.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); Chinook (O. tshawytscha) and Masu salmon (O. masou) | date uncertain | Europe, Asia, North America | meat, eggs | [[File:Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (cropped).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5d Salmonidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) | date uncertain | Europe (including the United Kingdom), Alaska, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania | meat, eggs | [[File:Salmo salar-Atlantic Salmon-Atlanterhavsparken Norway.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5d Salmonidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), Japanese lates (L. japonicus) and Nile perch (L. niloticus) | date uncertain | the United Kingdom, Poland, the United States, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Japan, Africa | meat, pets | [[File:Barramundi.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5b Carangiformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) | date uncertain | the United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico | meat | [[File:Cobia fingerlings.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5b Carangiformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) | date uncertain | Europe | meat | [[File:Dicentrarchus labrax01.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Milkfish (Chanos chanos) | date uncertain | the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia | meat | [[File:Chanidae - Chanos chanos.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern pike (Esox lucius) | date uncertain | Europe | meat, eggs, research, pets | [[File:Esox lucius ZOO 1.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alligator (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban (A. tristoechus) and tropical gars (A. tropicus) | date uncertain | North America, Cuba, Costa Rica | meat, pets | [[File:Alligator Gar 10.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) | date uncertain | China | meat, weed control | [[File:Ctenopharyngodon idella 01 Pengo.jpg | 130px]] | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) | date uncertain | China | meat, pest control, medicine | [[File:Mylopharyngodon piceus.jpg | 130px]] | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) | date uncertain | China | meat | [[File:Hypophthalmichthys-nob.jpg | 130px]] | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis) | date uncertain | Vietnam | meat, pets | [[File:Giant Barb.jpg | 130px]] | 5a Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arapaima (Arapaima gigas) | date uncertain | the Amazon Basin | meat, pets | [[File:Arapaima gigas at Beijing aquarium.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) | date uncertain | Europe | meat | [[File:European Catfish (Silurus glanis) (13532570755).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas) | date uncertain | Southeast Asia | meat, pets | [[File:Iridescent shark.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) | date uncertain | California, Colorado | meat | [[File:Mugil cephalus Minorca.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Green (Etroplus suratensis) and orange chromides (E. maculatus); Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis) | date uncertain | India | meat, pets | [[File:Etroplus suratensis.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) | date uncertain | the Gulf of Mexico | meat, research | [[File:Red snapper 2.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater (Seriola dumerili), Japanese (S. quinqueradiata) and yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana) | date uncertain | the Mediterranean Sea, Japan, Chile, Hawaii | meat | [[File:Seriola rivoliana by NPS.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5b Carangiformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern (Paralichthys lethostigma) and olive flounders (P. olivaceus) | the 1980s (uncertain for P. lethostigma) | the United States, Japan, China, Korea | meat | [[File:Paralichthys lethostigma.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5b Carangiformes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European eel (Anguilla anguilla) | date uncertain | Europe, North America | meat | [[File:Anguilla anguilla.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) and Indian stingless bee (T. iridipennis) | date uncertain | Australia, India | honey, wax, propolis, pollination | [[File:Sugarbag bee.jpg | 130px]] | 6a Hymenoptera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) | date uncertain | Central America, South America | animal feed, pets | [[File:Dubia-cockroach-female-near-ruler.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6c Blattodea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mealworm (Tenebrio molitar) and superworm (Zophobas morio) | date uncertain | Europe | meat, animal feed, research | [[File:Zophobas morio larva - top (aka).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6d Other insects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) | date uncertain | the United States | research | [[File:Tribolium castaneum.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6d Other insects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) | date uncertain | the United States | meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing | [[File:Hermetiaillucens.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6d Other insects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waxworms (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) | date uncertain | Europe? | meat, bait, animal feed, research | [[File:Achroia grisella caterpillars kleine wasmot rupsen (1).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6b Lepidoptera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) | date uncertain | North America | meat, medicine, pets | [[File:American-cockroach.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6c Blattodea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum) | date uncertain | China | meat, medicine, pets | [[File:Rhopilema esculentum at Monterey Bay Aquarium.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 7c Other animals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common (Octopus vulgaris), common Sydney (O. tetricus), big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot (O. bimaculoides), Gould's (O. mimus), long arm (O. minor), Caribbean reef (O. briareus), Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris) and East Pacific red octopuses (O. rubescens) | date uncertain | Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, the Caribbean Sea | meat, ink, research, pets | [[File:Octopus vulgaris 2.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 7a Mollusca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) | date uncertain | Europe | meat, shells | [[File:Littorina littorea 001.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 7a Mollusca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) | date uncertain | Europe | meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets | [[File:Snail1web.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 7a Mollusca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Giant Ghana African snail (Achatina achatina) | date uncertain | Ghana, Kenya | meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets | [[File:Giant tiger land snail (Achatina achatina).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 7a Mollusca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Giant East African (Lissachatina fulica) and African land snails (L. albopicta) | date uncertain | East Africa | meat, shells, slime, education, pets | [[File:Snail in Ubud, Bali, 2010 (1).jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 7a Mollusca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pacific (Eptatretus stoutii) and inshore hagfishes (E. burgeri) | date uncertain | the United States, South Korea, Japan | meat, skins, slime | [[File:Eptatretus stoutii 1.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 5e Other fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mud crab (Scylla serrata) | date uncertain | Asia | meat, pets | [[File:Scylla serrata Mud Crab.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6e Other arthropods | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Flower crab (Portunus armatus) | date uncertain | Australia | meat | [[File:Portunus pelagicus male.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6e Other arthropods | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus) | date uncertain | Europe, the United States | meat | [[File:KreeftbijDenOsse.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 6e Other arthropods | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), northern leopard (L. pipiens), pig (L. grylio), and northern green frogs (L. clamitans melanota) | date uncertain | North America | meat, education, research, pets | [[File:North-American-bullfrog1.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 4a Anura | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and marsh frogs (P. ridibundus) | date uncertain | Europe | meat, pets | [[File:RanaLessonae1.JPG | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 4a Anura | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) | date uncertain | Java | meat | [[File:Fejer cancri 050403 002 tdp.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 4a Anura | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) and Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus) | date uncertain | China, Thailand | meat, pets | [[File:Hoplobatrachus rugulosus 2.jpg | 130px]] | Captive-bred | 4a Anura | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) | the 14th century CE | Europe | meat, pets | [[File:Blue mussel Mytilus edulis.jpg | 130px]] | Captured in the wild or captive-bred | Extended in the wild and in captivity | 7a Mollusca | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) | the 1970s | New Zealand | meat, pets | [[File:Green Lipped Mussel (314300764).jpg | 130px]] | Captured in the wild and captive-bred | 7a Mollusca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) | classical antiquity (date uncertain) | the central and western Mediterranean Sea | Tyrian purple, meat | [[File:Brandhorn Bolinus brandaris 2.jpg | 130px]] | Historically captive-bred | No longer farmed | 7a Mollusca | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) | the 19th century CE | North America | pelts, pest control, pets | [[File:Zoo des 3 vallées - Mouffette rayée - 2015-01-02 - i3441.jpg | 130px]] | Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes | Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity | 1c Carnivora |
Taxonomical groupings
The categories used in the Taxon group column are:
- 1a: Artiodactyla except Bovidae, 1b: Bovidae, 1c: Carnivora, 1d: Rodentia, 1e: Other mammals
- 2a: Anseriformes, 2b: Galliformes, 2c: Columbiformes, 2d: Passeriformes, 2e: Psittaciformes, 2f: Palaeognathae, 2g: Accipitridae, 2h: Other birds
- 3a: Serpentes, 3b: Lacertilia, 3c: Testudines, 3d: Other reptiles
- 4a: Anura, 4b: Other amphibians
- 5a: Cyprinidae, 5b: Carangiformes , 5c: Anabantiformes, 5d: Salmonidae, 5e: Other fish
- 6a: Hymenoptera, 6b: Lepidoptera, 6c: Blattodea, 6d: Other insects, 6e: Other arthropods
- 7a: Mollusca, 7b: Annelida, 7c: Other animals
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