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List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs

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Summary

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This is a list of reigning non-sovereign monarchs in Asia, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs, but not the kings of Bahrain, Bhutan, Cambodia, Jordan, Saudi Arabia or Thailand, the emperor of Japan, the sultans of Brunei or Oman, or the emirs of Kuwait or Qatar. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.

Bangladesh

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Bangladesh BangladeshBohmongRaja Chaw Prue1959ChowdhuryHereditary and elective{{Cite news
ChakmaRaja Debashish Roy12 November 1971RoyHereditary{{Cite journallast = Ahmed
MongRaja Saching Prue22 October 2008ChowdhuryHereditary and elective{{Cite newslast = Majumder

India

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
India IndiaDaher-AmlaRaja Tapatrao AnandraoBhilHereditary{{Cite news
GadhviRaja Yashwant RaoHereditary
LingaRaja Bhavar SinghHereditary
PimpriRaja Trikamrao SahebraoHereditary
VasurnaRaja Chandra SinghHereditary

Indonesia

Present information regarding governmental recognition of traditional monarchs in Indonesia is inadequate. In some instances below, pre-colonial polities have been restored, and the royal titles of their leaders have been nominally confirmed. For example, in province of Maluku there are 545 kings who have the power to govern their respective areas at the village (negeri) level, while some others still have the status of hamlets (dusun) of the village but have their own king. In other cases, the government has refused to revive monarchies that had been abolished during the earliest years of the republic. Despite the historical suppression of these dynasties, a large number have retained their culture, identity, and their status within their own communities. Royal titles are still widely used, bestowed in formal enthronement ceremonies conducted without formal recognition from Jakarta.

In recent years, the number of dynasties receiving recognition as nominal cultural authorities has steadily increased.{{Cite journal

StateConstituentMonarchSinceHouseTypeSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaSpecial Region of Yogyakarta YogyakartaSri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X2 October 1988Mataram-HamengkubuwonoLimitedHereditary
Flag of Pakualaman.svg PakualamanKanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Paku Alam X7 January 2016Mataram-PakualamLimitedHereditary

;Alor

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaAlorRaja Muhammad Marzuki NampiraNampiraHereditary
BatulolongRaja Constantijn Karimalei1996KarimaleiHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Tick, Donald P.
KolanaRaja Imanuel Alexander Makunimau4 May 2022MakunimauHereditary
KuiRaja Kaharuddin KinanggiKinanggiHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Tick, Donald P.
MataruRaja Marthen Belamau TansiPadailakaHereditary

;Bali

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaBangliAnak Agung Made Rai Rama1961GelgelHereditary{{Cite web
BulelengAnak Agung Ngurah Brawida2 June 1978SangketHereditary
DenpasarTjokorda Ngurah Jambe25 November 2005PemecutanHereditary{{Cite newstitle = Wheels within wheels
GianyarAnak Agung Gde Agung II22 April 1999Hereditary
Flag of the Kingdom of Karangasem.svg KarangasemAnak Agung Gde Agung Putra Agung9 April 2009KarangasemHereditary
KasimanTjokorda Ngurah Kusuma Wardhana22 April 1989Kasiman {{#tag:refname=Badung}}Hereditary{{Cite news
Old Flag of Bali.svg KlungkungDewa Agung Ida Dalem Semaraputra10 October 2010Klungkung {{#tag:refname=Gelgel}}Hereditary
PamecutanTjokorda Ngurah Manik Parisara {{#tag:refname=Pemecutan}}1986Pemecutan {{#tag:refname=Badung}}Hereditary
TabananTjokorda Anglurah21 March 2008Hereditary
UbudVacant20 July 1978SukawatiHereditarylast = Waretini

;Borneo

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaBanjar Sultanate Flag.svg BanjarmasinSultan Khairul Saleh24 July 2010AlwatzkubillahHereditary
Flag of Bulungan.svg BulunganSultan Abdul Hamid2 December 2008Hereditary
KutaiSultan Aji Muhammad ArifinKutaiHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Cahoon, Ben
Flag of Lordship of Kubu.svg KubuTuan Besar Syarif Ibrahim bin Syarif Nyoh4 March 2008Al IdrusHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Alaydrus, Ardiansyah
Flag of the Kingdom of Kotawaringin.svg KotawaringinPangeran Ratu Alidin Sukma Alamsyah2010Alwatzkubillah {{#tag:refname=Banjar}}Hereditary
Flag of Lordship of Landak (Royal).svg LandakPangeran Ratu Suryansyah Amiruddin24 January 2000Ismahayana {{#tag:refname=Dayak}}Hereditary{{Cite web
Flag of Sultanate of Matan.svg MatanPangeran Ratu Uti Iwan Kusnadi11 August 2004Hereditary
Flag of the Kingdom of Mempawah.svg MempawahPangeran Ratu Mulawangsa Mardan Adijaya12 August 2002AmantubillahHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Raditya, Iswara N.
Flag of Paser Sultanate.png PaserPangeran Ratu Abdul Rasyid16 October 2000BelengkongHereditary
Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg PontianakSultan Syarif Mahmud Alkadrie17 July 2017Al KadriHereditary
Bendera Kerajaan Sambaliung.png SambaliungSultan Fachruddin19 October 2009BerauHereditary
Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg SambasPangeran Ratu Muhammad Tarhan3 February 2008Alwatzkubillah {{#tag:refname=Banjar}}Hereditary
Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg SanggauPangeran Ratu Arman Surya26 July 2009SuryanegaraHereditary
Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg SekadauPangeran Agung Muhammad Efendi28 February 2009Hereditary{{Cite newslast = Hartono
SelimbauPanembahan Muhammad Asbi2004AssidiqiHereditary
Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg SimpangSultan Muhammad Jamaluddin II31 May 2008Hereditary
Bendera Kerajaan Sintang.png SintangPanembahan Kusuma Negara V17 September 2003KusumanegaraHereditary

;Java

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaFlag of the Sultanate of Banten.svg BantenSultan Syarif Muhammad ash-Shafiuddin11 December 2016SurosowanHereditary
Flag of Cirebon Sultanate.jpg KacirebonanSultan Abdul Gani Natadiningrat III28 October 1997KacirebonanHereditary
KanomanSultan Muhammad Emiruddin6 March 2003Kanoman {{#tag:refname=Cirebon}}Hereditary
KasepuhanSultan Sepuh XIV30 April 2010Kasepuhan {{#tag:refname=Cirebon}}Hereditary
Flag of Mangkunegaran.svg MangkunegaranKanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara X12 March 2022House of Mataram Mangkunegaran FamilyHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Negoro, Suryo
SumedangPaduka Yang Mulia Sri Radya Lukman SoemadisoeriaSumedang Larang {{#tag:refname=Sumedang}}Hereditary
SurakartaSultan Susuhunan Pakubuwana XIVHouse of Mataram Pakubuwana Family {{#tag:refname=Mataram}}Hereditary{{Cite news

;Maluku Islands

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaAmahaiUpu Latu Johan Dominggus Hallatu1954Hallatu Ruma IraloHereditary and elective
AtiahuJou Muhammadiyah WailissaWailissaHereditary
Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg BacanSultan Al-Abd-Al-Rahim Gary bin Gahral19 November 2010KamarullahHereditary and elective
Rajah of Bitjolie.png BicoliSangaji Samaun SebaSebaHereditary
FaanRaja Patris RenwarinApril 2002RenwarinHereditary
GeserRaja Soelani Kilian30 January 2019KilianHereditary
HituUpu Latu Salhana Pellu21 March 2007HitulamaHereditary
JailoloSultan Abdullah SyahJanuary 2002Hereditary
KisarRaja Johannis BakkerBakkerHereditary
LolodaJogugu Lutfi Muhammad Syamsuddin30 August 2009SyamsuddinHereditary
PelauwUpu Latu Roni Herly Latuconsina6 February 2025LatuconsinaHereditary
SoyaRaja Johan Lodewijk Rehatta9 December 2005RehattaHereditary and elective{{Cite webauthor = Gigengack, Erik
TagalisaRaja Muhammad Tasalisa27 October 2022TasalisaHereditary
TulehuUpu Latu John Saleh Ohorella13 February 2003OhorellaHereditary{{Cite newslast = Tunny
In nizam.svg TernateSultan Hidayatullah Sjah18 December 2021Hereditary
Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg TidoreSultan Djafar Syah28 October 1999Hereditary
UrungJou Ibrahim M.H. Wokas1977WokasHereditary

;Papua

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaArguniRaja Hanafi PauspausPauspausHereditary
AtiatiRaja Muhammad Syahrul Yusuf Bay14 February 2018KerewaindżaiHereditary
FatagarRaja Taufiq Heru31 December 2009UswanasHereditary
KaibusWoronemin Melkianus Kondjol1990sKondjolHereditary
Kerajaan_Kaimana_Papua.gif KaimanaRat Umis Abdul Hakim Achmad1980AituarauwHereditary
NamatotaRatu Randi Asnawi Ombaier2017OmbaierHereditary
PatipiRaja Atarai Iba2022SameniHereditary
RumbatiRaja Hamrad Pitupuwah Bauw2 May 2019BauwHereditary
SalawatiRaja Muhammad Tahir ArfanArfanHereditary
SekarRaja Arief RumagesanRumagesanHereditary
WertuarRaja Musa Heremba15 April 1988HerembaHereditary

;Rote

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaBaaManek Paulus Dae Pane1998Dae PaneHereditary
BokaiManek Herman Dupe1 January 1961DupeHereditary
DehlaManek Nehemia Ndun2 October 1972NdunHereditary
DengkaVacant1970TunggaHereditaryDiu
KekaManek persondatefamilyHereditary--
KorbafoVacant6 March 2000ManubuluHereditary
LanduVacant18 March 2008JohannesHereditary
LelainManek Yunus BesiBesiHereditary
LelenukManek Christoffel Daik28 September 1994DaikHereditary
LolehManek Soleman Zacharias15 July 2003ZachariasHereditary
NdaoManek Soleman Kotten1968KottenHereditary
OenaleManek Christoffel Hanok LengguLengguHereditary
OepaoManek Jefry Sjioen2005SjioenHereditary
RinggouVacant22 March 2002DaoedHereditaryTalae
TermanuManek Soleman Jeremias Amalo14 October 2007AmaloHereditary
ThieVacant25 January 2010MburalaeHereditary

;Sulawesi

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaBalangnipaMaradia Fadly Patayangi19 November 2005Hereditary
BanawaVacant16 November 2006Hereditary{{Cite webauthor = Sangadji, Ruslan
Flag of Lordship of Banggai.svg BanggaiTomundo Mohamad Fikran Ramadhan29 January 2010AwaluddinHereditary
BarruVacantHouse of Royal Buginese BarruHereditary
Flag of Lordship of Bone.svg BoneArumpone Baso Hamid7 April 2006House of Royal Buginese BoneHereditary
Flag of Lordship of Butung (Buton).svg ButonSultan La Ode Mohammad Izat Manarfa27 November 2006KumbewahatakHereditary
Flag of the Sultanate of Gowa.svg GowaSultan Kumala Idjo Batara Gowa III2014Hereditary
LuwuTuanku Datu Haji Andi Maradang MackulauDecember 2012House of Royal Buginese LuwuHereditarytitle = Ritual Pamona Menyambut Sri Paduka Datu Luwu
MamujuMaradia Maksum DaiMak LonjokHereditary{{Cite newstitle = Raja Mamuju Prihatin Kondisi Rumah Adat
MoriVacantHereditary
SanraboneKaraeng Ali Mallombasi25 July 2008SanraboneHereditary
SoppengDatu Unru Mappanjantji2001Hereditary

;Sumatra

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaFlag of Air Tiris Melayu Kampar.jpg Air TirisDiraja H.M. Yunus Datuk Sutan Batuah26 September 2021BendangHereditary
Flag of Asahan.svg AsahanSultan Kamal Abrahim17 May 1980PinangawanHereditary
Bendera Sisingamangaraja XII.svg BakkaraRaja Sisingamangaraja XV24 December 1972SinambelaHereditary
Flag of the Sultanate of Deli.svg DeliSultan Aria Lamanjiji22 July 2005MaimunHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Soszynski, Henry
Dolok SilauRaja Tanjar Gaim Purba Tambak23 November 2008PurbaHereditary
Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg IndragiriSultan Tengku Arief1 February 1986Hereditary
JambiSultan Abdurrahman Taha Syaifuddin Syah18 March 2012Hereditary and elective{{Cite webauthor = Cahoon, Ben
Flag of Sultanate of Langkat.svg LangkatSultan Azwar Abdul Jalil21 May 2003Hereditary and elective
Flag of Minang.svg PagaruyungRaja Alam Muhammad Taufik Thaib10 June 2007AdityawarmanHereditary
Flag of South Sumatra.svg PalembangSultan Mahmud Badaruddin III4 March 2003Hereditary{{Cite newslast = Saleh
Bendera Kesultanan Pelalawan.png PelalawanTengku Besar Kamaruddin bin Harun7 August 2008Al ShahabHereditary
Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg SerdangSultan Basyarsyah II28 January 2001AlamsyahHereditary
SigunturSultan Hendri Tuanku Bagindo Ratu1968Siguntur {{#tag:refname=Minang}}Hereditary{{Cite news

;Timor Main article: List of monarchs of Timor#Monarchs in West Timor

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaAmanatunUsif Pah Gustaf Immanuel26 September 1996BanunaekHereditary{{Cite web
AmanubanUsif Pah Nesi Nope1980NopeHereditary{{Cite webtitle = Amanuban
AmarasiUsif Pah Robert Maurits Koroh1990KorohHereditary{{Cite webtitle = Amarasi
AmfoangUsif Pah Robert Gordon Manoh27 September 2001Manoch {{#tag:refname=Atoni}}Hereditary{{Cite web
BibokiUsif Pah Johanis Tnesi UsBokoHereditary{{Cite webtitle = Biboki
BotiUsif Pah Nama BenuMarch 2005BenuHereditary
FialaranLoro Jadokus Manek1990Da CostaHereditary
InsanaUsif Pah Theodorus Taolin1991TaolinHereditary{{Cite webtitle = Insana
KupangUsif Pah Leopold Nicolaas Nisnoni {{#tag:refKupang, named after its capital, was formed as a confederation of Timorese fiefdoms: Amabi, Foenay, Sonbai Kecil, Taebenu, and the Helong. Leopold Nisnoni, known within his community as "Isu", is the chief of Sonbai Kecil, and has also been accepted as ruler of the confederacy. The other chiefs are: Gideon Broery of Amabi,{{Cite webtitle = Amabiwork = Royal Timor: Kings, Rajas and Dynasties of Timorpublisher = Tick, Donald Purl = http://www.royaltimor.com/Amabi.htmlaccess-date = 3 July 2010
LamaknenLoro Josef Kalimau16 October 2003BunakElective and hereditary{{Cite webtitle = The Bunak Princedom of Lamaknen
MiomaffoUsif Pah Alfons Kono1986KonoHereditary{{Cite webtitle = Miomaffo
MolloUsif Pah Edison Oematan12 August 2001OematanHereditary{{Cite webtitle = Mollo
NoimutiUsif Pah Antonius da CostaDa Costa {{#tag:refname=Topasses}}Hereditary{{Cite web
WehaliDisputed11 May 2003WaihaleHereditary

;Others

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Indonesia IndonesiaAnakalangRaja Sappi Pateduk II1992Hereditary
BaranusaRaja Akbar SalimBasoHereditary
Bendera Kesultanan Bima.png BimaJena Teke Zulkarnain17 June 2001Dewa Dalam BawaHereditary{{Cite webtitle = Women in power from 2000
DompuVacant1964SirajuddinHereditary
LamakeraRaja Abdul Gafur Ibrahim1987DasiHereditary
LewaRaja Pingi Ai23 January 1978Hereditary
LohayongSengaji Muhamad IdrusFebruary 2008KalakeHereditary
Flag of Riau-Lingga Sultanate.svg Riau-LinggaSultan Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah ibni Almarhum Yamtuan Muda Riau X Raja Muhammad Yusuf8 April 1964House of Royal Buginese RiauHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Soszynski, Henry
Bendera Kesultanan Sumbawa.png SumbawaSultan Muhammad Kaharuddin IV5 April 2011KaharuddinHereditary

Malaysia

StateConstituentMonarchSinceHouseTypeSuccessionRefs
Malaysia MalaysiaFlag of Johor.svg JohorSultan Ibrahim Ismail22 January 2010TemenggongConstitutionalHereditary{{Cite web
Flag of Kedah.svg KedahSultan Sallehuddin12 September 2017MahawangsaHereditary
Flag of Kelantan.svg KelantanSultan Muhammad V13 September 2010Long YunusHereditary
Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri SembilanTuanku Muhriz29 December 2008Royal Pagaruyung-Negeri SembilanHereditary and elective
Flag of Pahang.svg PahangAl-Sultan Sultan Abdullah15 January 2019BendaharaHereditary
Flag of Perak.svg PerakSultan Nazrin Shah29 May 2014Siak-PerakHereditary
Flag of Perlis.svg PerlisTuanku Syed Sirajuddin17 April 2000Jamalullail PerlisHereditary
Flag of Selangor.svg SelangorSultan Sharafuddin21 November 2001Opu Daeng ChelakHereditary
Flag of Terengganu.svg TerengganuSultan Mizan Zainal Abidin16 May 1998BendaharaHereditary
StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Negeri Sembilan Negeri SembilanJelebuDato' Mendika Menteri Akhirulzaman2018House of KemimElective and hereditary
JoholDato' Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan Dato' Muhammad bin Haji Abdullah27 March 2016House of GemenchehElective and hereditary
NaningDato' Mohd Nazrol Bin Mahamad Sapar2020Elective and hereditary
RembauHouse of JakunElective and hereditary
Sungai UjongDato' Klana Petra29 December 1993House of HuluElective and hereditary
TampinTunku Syed Razman bin Tunku Syed Idrus Al-Qadri26 December 2005House of Al QadriHereditary

Philippines

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Philippines PhilippinesBuayanSultan Mohammad Amil Kusain28 June 2008CamsaHereditary
LanaoSultan Mastura Manabilang25 May 1996RanaoElective
MaguindanaoMacapado Benito11 January 2006KudaratHereditary{{Cite newslast = Tesiorna
PanaySultan Cipriano Querol Jr.13 February 2011QuerolUnclear
SuluSultan Muedzul Lail-Tan Kiram16 September 2012KiramHereditary
TalayanDatu Ali MidtimbangMidtimbangHereditary
TalikSultan Col. Datu Nasser13 August 2005PendatunHereditary
Lanao confederates
BacolodSultan Madki MaurakBacolodHereditary{{Cite webauthor = Usman, K.
Balo-iSultan Camad Mangotara AliBalo-i {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
BansayanSultan Calicozaman BasmanBansayan {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
BayangSultan Ali MandingBayang {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary{{Cite book
BinidayanSultan Abdullah Dimaporo DatumulokBinidayan {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
BorocotSultan Saidali BaniagaDirampaten {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
ButigSultan Nasroden AdorButig {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
CabugatanDatu Manaros SimbaanCabugatan {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary{{Cite news
DitsaanSultan Tamano PandapataDitsaan {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary{{Cite press release
DumalondongSultan Macaurog GuinarDomalondong {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
MariboSultan Nasser MagomnangMaribo {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
MasiuSultan Topaan Disomimba4 February 2002Masiu {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
MinitupadSultan Pagaranganan MitmugMinitupad {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
PagayawanSultan Mamasaranao MulokPagayawan {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
RamainSultan Patadatu Bayas11 December 2002Ramain {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
RogonSultan Bangcola AdthaRogon {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
TaporogSultan Farouk SharifJuly 1998Taporog {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary
UnayanSultan Ibno Roy Tupas12 February 2016Unayan {{#tag:refname=Maranao}}Hereditary

Thailand

StateConstituentMonarchSinceHouseTypeSuccessionRefs
Thailand Thailand[[File:Seal of Chiang Mai (1802–1899).png25px]] Chiang MaiChao29 May 1989House of Na Chiang Mai (Dibayachakkradhiwongse dynasty)NobilityHereditary
Thailand Thailand[[File:Seal Lamphun.svg25px]] LamphunAVM Chao21 February 1995House of Na Lamphun (Dibayachakkradhiwongse dynasty)NobilityHereditary
Thailand Thailand[[File:Seal Lampang.png25px]] LampangChao30 June 2015House of Na Lampang (Dibayachakkradhiwongse dynasty)NobilityHereditary
Thailand Thailand[[File:Seal of Nan province.svg25px]] NanChaosince 1999House of Na Nan (Tinmahawong Dynasty)NobilityHereditary
Myanmar Myanmar[[File:Flag of Shan State.svg25px]] Kengtung (officially abolished by Myanmar in 1962)Chao or Saoc. 1955House of Na Chiang Tung (Mangrai dynasty)NobilityHereditary

Timor-Leste

Main article: List of monarchs of Timor#Monarchs in East Timor

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
Timor-Leste Timor-LesteAlasDom Alexandrina Borromeu Duarte2002DuarteHereditary
OecusseLiurai Antonio I4 May 2001Da CostaHereditary
TuriscaiDom Luis F.S.S. Pereira2017PereiraHereditary

United Arab Emirates

StateConstituentMonarchSinceHouseTypeSuccessionRefs
United Arab Emirates United Arab EmiratesFlag of Abu Dhabi.svg Abu DhabiSheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan14 May 2022Al NahyanLimitedHereditary{{Cite web
Flag of Ajman.svg AjmanSheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi III6 September 1981Al NuaimiHereditary
Flag of Dubai.svg DubaiSheikh Mohammed bin Rashid4 January 2006Al MaktoumHereditary
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg FujairahSheikh Hamad bin Mohammed18 September 1974Al SharqiHereditary
Flag of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.svg Ras al-KhaimahSheikh Saud bin Saqr27 October 2010Al QasimiHereditary
Flag of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.svg SharjahSheikh Sultan III bin Mohamed23 June 1987Al Qasimi {{#tag:refname=Qasimi}}Hereditary
Flag of Umm al-Qaiwain.svg Umm al-QaiwainSheikh Saud bin Rashid2 January 2009Al Mu‘allaHereditary

Notes

Indonesia

Malaysia

Philippines

United Arab Emirates

Others

References

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  37. Cabahug-Aguhob, Rutchie. (7 August 2007). "Lanao Advisory Council members sworn in". Philippine Information Agency.
  38. Abdulmadid, Datu Ontay M.. "History of Binidayan Sultanate". Ontay & Marogong.Net.
  39. (2016-02-20). "Alhamdulillah Brother Long Live New Sultan Sa Unayan Ibno Roy Tupas Maguindanao Ampuan "Cabugatan Sa Panay"". Boracay Muslim Mosque.
  40. (26 January 2025). "ในหลวง พระราชินี เสด็จฯ พิธีบายศรีทูลพระขวัญ จ.เชียงใหม่ ในโอกาสเฉลิมพระชนมพรรษา 6 รอบ".
  41. "เจ้าพงศ์ธาดา ณ ลำพูน".
  42. (29 June 2024). "เหิมหนักแก๊งคอลเซ็นเตอร์ หลอกอดีตผู้จัดการธนาคาร ดูดเงินสูญเกือบล้านบาท พบวันเดียว มีเหยื่อ 10 รายแจ้งความ".
  43. (30 October 2013). "ล่องน่าน".
  44. "พงศาวดารเมืองเชียงตุง".
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