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List of current heads of state and government

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This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.

In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the general secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Afghanistan, Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Afghanistan, this is the supreme leader; in Andorra, this is the bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the supreme leader; and in Vatican City, this is the pope.

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

Colour key

State	Head of state	Head of government	AAfghanistan	Albania	Algeria	Andorra	Angola	Antigua and Barbuda	Argentina	Armenia	Australia	Austria	Azerbaijan	BBahamas	Bahrain	Bangladesh	Barbados	Belarus	Belgium	Belize
	Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund
President – Bajram Begaj
	Prime Minister – Sifi Ghrieb
Episcopal Co-Prince – Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat
Co-Prince's Representative – Eduard Ibáñez
French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron
Co-Prince's Representative – Patrice Faure
President – João Lourenço}}
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams
President – Javier Milei}}
President – Vahagn Khachaturyan
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Sam Mostyn
President – Alexander Van der Bellen
	Prime Minister – Ali Asadov
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Dame Cynthia A. Pratt
	Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Prime minister-designate – --
	Prime minister-designate – --
Chairman of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly – Alexander Lukashenko}}
	Prime Minister – Aleksandr Turchin
King – Philippe
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Dame Froyla Tzalam
President – Patrice Talon}}
King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
President – Rodrigo Paz}}
High Representative – Christian Schmidt}}
	Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers – Borjana Krišto
{{small	Members:
President – Duma Boko}}
President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva}}
– Hassanal Bolkiah	Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah
	Prime minister-designate – --
President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration – Ibrahim Traoré}}
	Interim Prime Minister – Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo
	Prime Minister – Nestor Ntahontuye
President of the People's Party – Hun Sen}}
King – Norodom Sihamoni
	Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute
King – Charles III
Governor General – Mary Simon
President – José Maria Neves
	Prime Minister – Félix Moloua
	Prime Minister – Allamaye Halina
President – Gabriel Boric }}
President-elect – José Antonio Kast
General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping}}
President – Xi Jinping	Premier – Li Qiang
President – Gustavo Petro}}
President – Azali Assoumani}}
	Prime Minister – Judith Suminwa
	Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso
President – Rodrigo Chaves Robles }}	President-elect – --
President – Zoran Milanović
First Secretary of the Communist Party – Miguel Díaz-Canel}}
President – Miguel Díaz-Canel	Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero Cruz
President – Nikos Christodoulides}}
President – Petr Pavel
King – Frederik X
President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh}}
President – Sylvanie Burton
President – Luis Abinader}}
President – Daniel Noboa}}
	Prime Minister – Mostafa Madbouly
President – Nayib Bukele}}
	Prime Minister – Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua
President – Isaias Afwerki}}
President – Alar Karis
	Prime Minister – Russell Dlamini
Ndlovukati – Ntfombi
President – Taye Atske Selassie
President – Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu
President – Alexander Stubb
President – Brice Oligui Nguema}}
President – Adama Barrow}}
Honorary Chairman of Georgian Dream – Bidzina Ivanishvili}}
President – Mikheil Kavelashvili
President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier
President – John Mahama}}
President – Konstantinos Tasoulas
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade
President – Bernardo Arévalo}}
Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development – Mamady Doumbouya }}
	Prime Minister – Bah Oury
Leader of the High Military Command for the Restoration of National Security and Public Order – Horta Na Man}}
	Prime Minister – Ilídio Vieira Té
President – Irfaan Ali}}
	Acting Prime Minister – Alix Didier Fils-Aimé
Laurent Saint-Cyr (President)
{{smalldiv	1={{Collapsible list	Other members]]:	hlist = true	frame_style= max-width:400px;	list_style= text-align:center;	title_style= font-weight:normal;	2=Leslie Voltaire	3=Fritz Jean	4=Emmanuel Vertilaire	5=Smith Augustin	6=Louis Gérald Gilles	7=Frinel Joseph (observer)	8=Régine Abraham (observer) }}
President – Nasry Asfura}}
President – Tamás Sulyok
President – Halla Tómasdóttir
President – Droupadi Murmu
President – Prabowo Subianto}}
	President – Masoud Pezeshkian
	Prime minister-designate – --
President – Catherine Connolly
President – Isaac Herzog
President – Sergio Mattarella
	Prime Minister – Robert Beugré Mambé
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen
	Prime minister-designate – --
	Prime Minister – Jafar Hassan
	Prime Minister – Oljas Bektenov
President – William Ruto}}
President – Taneti Maamau}}
	Prime Minister – Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah
President – Sadyr Japarov}}
General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party – Thongloun Sisoulith}}
President – Thongloun Sisoulith	Prime Minister – Sonexay Siphandone
President – Edgars Rinkēvičs
President – Joseph Aoun
King – Letsie III
President – Joseph Boakai}}
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi	President-elect - --
	Prime Minister – Brigitte Haas
	President – Gitanas Nausėda
Grand Duke – Guillaume V
Chairman of the Council of the Presidency for the Re-Foundation of the Republic – Michael Randrianirina}}
	Prime Minister – Herintsalama Rajaonarivelo
President – Peter Mutharika}}
King – Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar
President – Mohamed Muizzu}}
President – Assimi Goïta}}
President – Myriam Spiteri Debono
President – Hilda Heine}}
	Prime Minister – Mokhtar Ould Djay
President – Dharam Gokhool
President – Claudia Sheinbaum}}
President – Wesley Simina}}
	Minister of State – Christophe Mirmand
President – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
President – Jakov Milatović
	Prime Minister – Aziz Akhannouch
President – Daniel Chapo}}
	Prime Minister – Nyo Saw
President – Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah}}
President – David Adeang}}
	Prime minister-designate – --
	Prime minister-designate – --
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Dame Cindy Kiro
Co-Presidents – Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo}}
President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland – Abdourahamane Tchiani}}
	Prime Minister – Ali Lamine Zeine
President – Bola Tinubu}}
General Secretary of the Workers' Party – Kim Jong Un}}
President of the State Affairs – Kim Jong Un	Premier – Pak Thae-song
President – Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
King – Harald V
Sultan and Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tariq}}
President – Asif Ali Zardari
President – Surangel Whipps Jr.}}
	Prime Minister – Mohammad Mustafa
President – José Raúl Mulino}}
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae
President – Santiago Peña}}
President – José Jerí }}	President-elect – --
President – Bongbong Marcos}}
President – Karol Nawrocki
President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
	Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani
President – Nicușor Dan
	Prime Minister – Mikhail Mishustin
	Prime Minister – Justin Nsengiyumva
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Dame Marcella Liburd
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Sir Errol Charles
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Stanley John
O le Ao o le Malo – Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
Captain Regent – Matteo Rossi	align=left	Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs – Luca Beccari}}
Captain Regent – Lorenzo Bugli
President – Carlos Vila Nova
	Prime Minister – Ousmane Sonko
President – Patrick Herminie}}
President – Julius Maada Bio}}
President – Tharman Shanmugaratnam
President – Peter Pellegrini
	Prime minister-designate – --
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Sir David Tiva Kapu
President – Cyril Ramaphosa}}
President – Lee Jae Myung}}
President – Salva Kiir Mayardit}}
	Prime minister-designate- – --
President – Anura Kumara Dissanayake}}
	Prime Minister – Kamil Idris
{{smalldiv	1={{Collapsible list	title=Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council	url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-coup-leader-restores-restructured-transitional-sovereignty-council	access-date=26 March 2023	work=Radio Dabanga	date=11 November 2021	location=Khartoum}}	hlist = true	frame_style= max-width:400px;	list_style= text-align:center;	title_style= font-weight:normal;	2=Shams al-Din Kabbashi	3=Yasser al-Atta	4=Ibrahim Jabir Karim	5=El Tahrir Abubakr Hajar	6=Raja Nicola	7=Aboulgasim Mohamed Burtum	8=Yousef Jad Karim	9=Abdelbagi al-Zubeir	10=Salma Abdeljabbar}}
President – Jennifer Geerlings-Simons}}
King – Carl XVI Gustaf
Federal Council}}
{{smalldiv
President – Ahmed al-Sharaa}}
	Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda
President – Samia Suluhu Hassan}}
	Prime minister-designate – --
President – José Ramos-Horta
President – Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové
King – Tupou VI
President – Christine Kangaloo
	Prime Minister – Sara Zaafarani
President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan}}
Chairman of the People's Council – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow}}
President – Serdar Berdimuhamedow}}
King – Charles III
Governor-General – Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani
President – Yoweri Museveni}}
	Prime Minister – Yulia Svyrydenko
	Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
King – Charles III
President – Donald Trump}}
President – Yamandú Orsi}}
	Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov
President – Nikenike Vurobaravu
	President of the Governorate – Sister Raffaella Petrini	President – Delcy Rodríguez}} --
President – Nicolás Maduro
Acting President – Delcy Rodríguez}}
General Secretary of the Communist Party – Tô Lâm}}
President – Lương Cường	Prime Minister – Phạm Minh Chính
	Prime Minister – Shaea al-Zindani
President – Hakainde Hichilema}}
President – Emmerson Mnangagwa}}

Other states

The following states are in free association with a UN member state.

State	Associated with	Head of state	Head of government	Cook Islands	New Zealand	Niue	New Zealand
King – Charles III
King's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters
King – Charles III
King's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro

The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

State	Also claimed by	Head of state	Head of government	Abkhazia	Georgia (country)	Republic of China (Taiwan)	China	Kosovo	Serbia	Northern Cyprus	Cyprus	Sahrawi Republic	Morocco	Somaliland	Somalia	South Ossetia	Georgia (country)
President – Badra Gunba}}
	Premier – Cho Jung-tai
President – Vjosa Osmani
	Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel
General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali}}
President – Brahim Ghali	Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
President – Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi}}
	Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev

The following state controls its territory, but is not recognised by any UN member states.

State	Also claimed by	Head of state	Head of government	Transnistria	Moldova
	Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg

Alternative governments

This alternative government controls part of its territory and is recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

Government	State	Head of state	Head of government	Yemen Supreme Political Council	Yemen
Leader of the Houthis – Abdul-Malik al-Houthi}}
	Acting Prime Minister – Muhammad Ahmed Miftah

These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.

Government	State	Head of state	Head of government	Libya Government of National Stability	Libya	Myanmar National Unity Government	Myanmar	Palestine Hamas government in Gaza	Palestine	Sudan Government of Peace and Unity	Sudan
Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar}}
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi
	Prime Minister – Mahn Winn Khaing Thann
Leader of Hamas in Gaza – Izz al-Din al-Haddad}}
	Head of Government – Community Support Committee
	Prime Minister – Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi

This alternative government does not control its territory but is recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

Government	State	Head of state	Head of government	Belarus Coordination Council	Belarus	Georgia (country) Georgia (opposition)	Georgia (country)
align=center	President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya}}	align=center	President – Salome Zourabichvili }}--

This alternative government does not control its territory and is not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.

Government	State	Head of state	Head of government	BelarusRada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic	Belarus
align=center	President of the Rada and Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers – Ivonka Survilla}}

''Sui generis'' entities

Entity	Head of entity	Head of government	European Union	Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta
President of the European Council – António Costa
	Grand Chancellor – Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo

Notes

References

Rudenka, Arsien. (16 April 2024). "У Беларусі фармуецца УНС. Топ-7 простых пытанняў пра новы дзяржаўны орган". [[Belsat TV]].
(7 August 2023). "Cambodia: PM's son Hun Manet appointed next ruler in royal formality". [[BBC News]].
(2018-07-07). "Les cohabitations".
(16 May 2024). "Bidzina Ivanishvili: Georgia's billionaire 'puppet master' betting the house on Moscow". The Guardian.
"Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012". Constitute Project.
(23 July 2021). "Will Haitians get the chance to determine their future — without foreign interference?". [[The Washington Post]].
(18 January 2023). "As its only remaining elected officials depart, Haiti reaches a breaking point". [[NPR]].
(25 April 2024). "Haiti's prime minister resigns as council sworn in to lead political transition in violence-ravaged nation". [[CNN]].
(10 November 2024). "Haitian Prime Minister Is Fired, Adding to the Nation's Turmoil". [[The New York Times]].
Mamane, Dalatou. (26 March 2025). "Niger's junta leader cements his grip on power as he is sworn in as president". Associated Press.
"Sudan's Constitution of 2019".
(22 November 2021). "Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy". [[Al Jazeera English.
(20 February 2023). "Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake". [[BBC News]].
(11 November 2021). "Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council". [[Radio Dabanga]].
"Sudan's Burhan dismisses Hemedti of his position".
(22 January 2023). "Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power". [[Associated Press]].
(18 December 2022). "'Republic of fear': A return to Yemen after 11 years". [[Al Jazeera English.
(30 August 2025). "Yemen's Houthis say Israeli airstrike killed prime minister of rebel-controlled government". [[NBC News]].
(16 May 2023). "Libya parliament suspends rival eastern-based PM Bashagha". [[Al Jazeera English.
Staff. (2024-12-29). "Georgia's pro-west president says she remains the 'only legitimate president' as new leader sworn in". The Guardian.
(2019-07-16). "Von der Leyen elected EU Commission head after MEPs vote". BBC News.

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