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List of cryptids
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Cryptids are animals or other beings whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology, the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been widely critiqued by scientists. The subculture is regularly criticized for reliance on anecdotal information and because in the course of investigating animals that most scientists believe are unlikely to have existed, cryptozoologists do not follow the scientific method. Many scientists have criticized the plausibility of cryptids due to lack of physical evidence, likely misidentifications and misinterpretation of stories from folklore. While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumor.
List
Aquatic or semi-aquatic
| Name | Other names | Description | Purported location | Depiction | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ** | Hairy Eel | Pond animal | Pamital ravine, Canary Islands | ||||||
| Bunyip | Bahnyip | Amphibious creature | Australia | [[File:Bunyip_1890.jpg | 180px]] | ||||
| ** | Caddy | Sea animal | Pacific Coast of North America | [[File:Cadborosaurus October 1937.jpg | 180px]] | ||||
| Champ | Champy | Lake monster | Lake Champlain, North America | [[File:Artistic representation of Sandra Mansi's 1977 photograph of "Champ" lake monster.jpg | 180px]] | ||||
| Cryptid Whales | Giglioli's Whale, Rhinoceros dolphin, High-finned sperm whale, Alula whale, Unidentified beaked whales | Sea animal | Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean | [[File:Amphiptera pacifica.jpg | frameless]] | ||||
| Dobhar-chú | Water Hound, King Otter | Extra-large otter-like carnivorous aquatic mammal | Ireland | [[File:Dobhar-chu encounter.jpg | 180px]] | ||||
| Gloucester sea serpent | Large serpent | Gloucester, Cape Ann | [[File:1817 Gloucester sea serpent.jpg | left | 212x212px]] | ||||
| Great auk (surviving populations) | Pinguinus impennis, garefowl | Aquatic flightless bird | Northern Atlantic | [[File:Great Auk (Pinguinis impennis) specimen, Kelvingrove, Glasgow - geograph.org.uk - 1108249.jpg | 189x189px]] | ||||
| Iemisch | Iemisch Listai | Mix of a jaguar and otter | Patagonia | ||||||
| Igopogo | Kempenfelt Kelly | Lake monster | Lake Simcoe, Ontario (Canada) | ||||||
| Labynkyr Devil | Labynkyrsky Chert | Lake monster | Oymyakonsky Ulus, Sakha Republic, Russia | ||||||
| Loch Ness Monster | Nessie | Lake monster | Loch Ness, Scotland | [[File:Lochneska poboba museumofnessie (cropped).jpg | 180px | Sculpture of the Loch Ness monster as a plesiosaurus]] | |||
| Loveland Frog | Loveland frogman, Loveland lizard | Humanoid frog | Loveland, Ohio | [[File:Loveland frog.png | 180px]] | ||||
| Manipogo | Winnipogo | Lake monster | Lake Manitoba, Canada | ||||||
| Megalodon (surviving populations){{cite news | first=Jef | date=8 August 2013 | title=Prominent Cryptozoologists Denounce 'Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives' | url=https://www.houstonpress.com/arts/prominent-cryptozoologists-denounce-megalodon-the-monster-shark-lives-6363740?showFullText=true | work=Houston Press | access-date=31 October 2024}} | Otodus megalodon | Giant prehistoric shark | Oceans |
| Mermaid | Top half human female and bottom half fish | Oceans, various bodies of water | [[File:John William Waterhouse A Mermaid.jpg | thumb]] | |||||
| Mokele-mbembe | Dinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster) | Republic of the Congo | [[File:Mokele-mbembe_ill_artlibre_jnl.png | 180px]] | |||||
| Montauk Monster | Small bald beaked mammal | Montauk, Long Island, NY | |||||||
| Morgawr | Sea serpent | Falmouth Bay | |||||||
| Ogopogo | N'ha•a•itk, Naitaka | Lake monster | Lake Okanagan, Canada | [[File:OgoPogo crop.jpg | 180px]] | ||||
| Oklahoma Octopus | giant octopus | Lake Thunderbird, Oklahoma, USA | |||||||
| Sea serpents | Sea animals, dinosaurs | All bodies of water | [[File:Soe Orm 1555.jpg | 180px]] | |||||
| Selma | Seljordsormen | Lake monster | Lake Seljord, Telemark, Norway | ||||||
| Steller's sea ape | Sea animal | Pacific Ocean |
Terrestrial
| Name | Other names | Description | Purported location | Depiction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/duncanmadden/2018/11/16/fantastic-cryptids-and-where-to-find-them/#6b1949ed1d99 | title=Fantastic Cryptids And Where To Find Them | work=Forbes | access-date=18 December 2018}} | Alien big cats (ABCs), phantom cats, mystery cats, English lions, | ||||||
| Beast of Bodmin, Beast of Exmoor | Carnivorous mammal | Great Britain | [[File:Felicity Inverness Museum.JPG | 180px]] | ||||||
| first=Brian | last=Regal | title=Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia: A Critical Encyclopedia | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c6PACQAAQBAJ | date=15 October 2009 | publisher=ABC-CLIO | isbn=978-0-313-35508-0}} | Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker) | Puerto Rico (originally), | ||
| South and Central America, | ||||||||||
| Southern North America | [[File:Chupacabra (artist's rendition).jpg | 180px]] | ||||||||
| Dover Demon | Dover, Massachusetts | [[File:Dover Demon.png | 187x187px]] | |||||||
| Fresno nightcrawler | Long white legs with no torso | Fresno, California | ||||||||
| Goatman | Pope Lick Monster; Lake Worth monster; Satyr; Faun | Top half is man with horns and bottom half is goat legs | Prince George's County, Maryland; Louisville, Kentucky; Lake Worth, Texas | [[File:Faun 2 (PSF).png | thumb]] | |||||
| Katanga Snake | 50-Foot Snake | Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo | ||||||||
| Lizard Man of Scape Ore Swamp | Lizard Man of Lee County | Bipedal | South Carolina, United States | |||||||
| id=4477 | number=477 | date=28 July 2015 | last=Hudson | first=Alison | title=Wag the Dogman | accessdate=22 June 2017}} | Humanoid dog | Wexford County, Michigan | ||
| Moa (surviving original populations) | Dinornis robustus (South Island giant moa), Dinornis novaezelandiae (North Island giant moa), Anomalopteryx didiformis *(*Bush moa, little bush moa, or lesser moa*)* | Medium to large flightless birds | New Zealand | [[File:Moa mock hunt.jpg | 268x268px]] | |||||
| Mongolian death worm | Allghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoi | Worm-like animal | Gobi Desert (Asia) | [[File:Allghoikhorkhoi.jpg | 180px]] | |||||
| Nandi bear | Chemosit, Kerit, Koddoelo, Ngoelo, Ngoloko, Duba | Large carnivore | Eastern Africa | [[File:Nandi bear 1961 (cropped).png | 180px]] | |||||
| Not-deer | Not deer | White-tailed deer with unnatural characteristics | Appalachia | [[File:Not-deer cryptid.png | 180px]] | |||||
| Queensland Tiger | Yarri | Large feline | Queensland | |||||||
| Thylacine (surviving original populations) | Tasmanian tiger. Tasmanian wolf, Thylacinus cynocephalus | Carnivorous marsupial | Australia | [[File:"Benjamin".jpg | 216x216px]] |
[[Hominid]]
| Name | Other names | Description | Purported location | Depiction | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almas | Abnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok, | |||||||||||||
| biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan, | ||||||||||||||
| kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi, | ||||||||||||||
| mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, Zana | Non-human ape or hominid | Asia/Caucasus | ||||||||||||
| Amomongo | Orang Mawas, Impakta | Ape or hominid | Negros Occidental, Philippines | |||||||||||
| Bigfoot | Sasquatch | Large and hairy ape-like creature | United States and Canada | [[File:Patterson Gimlin Bigfoot (cropped).jpg | 180px]] | |||||||||
| url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/on-the-hunt-for-the-elusive-bukit-timah-monkey-man-9816486 | title=On the hunt for the elusive Bukit Timah Monkey Man | publisher=Channel NewsAsia | access-date=18 December 2018 | archive-date=30 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030131239/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/on-the-hunt-for-the-elusive-bukit-timah-monkey-man-9816486 | url-status=dead }} | BTM, BTMM | Forest-dwelling hominid or other primate | Singapore | |||||
| Chatawa Monster | Large ape-like creature | Mississippi, United States | ||||||||||||
| last=O'Carroll | first=Eoin | date=28 September 2018 | title=Bigfoot and beyond: Why tales of wild men endure | url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2018/0928/Bigfoot-and-beyond-Why-tales-of-wild-men-endure | work=The Christian Science Monitor | access-date=11 December 2018}} | Large hominid | Russia | ||||||
| De Loy's Ape | Ameranthropoides loysi | Bipedal, erect-walking primate - slightly under 5 feet of height | South America, (Colombian-Venezuelan border) | [[File:De Loys Société des Américanistes.png | thumb]] | |||||||||
| Fouke Monster | Jonesville Monster, Southern Sasquatch, Boggy Creek Monster | Hominid or other primate | Arkansas, United States | |||||||||||
| Honey Island Swamp monster | Letiche, Tainted Keitre | Hominid or other primate | Louisiana, United States | |||||||||||
| Kandahar Giant | 13 feet tall red-headed man with six fingers on each hand and two rows of teeth | Kandahar, Afghanistan | ||||||||||||
| Mapinguari | Mapinguary | man-eating hominid with a mouth in its adbomen; sometimes thought to be a ground sloth | Brazil | [[File:MAPINGUARI (cropped).png | frameless]] | |||||||||
| Nittaewo | Nittevo | Small hominids | Sri Lanka | |||||||||||
| Orang Pendek | Small hominid | Sumatra | [[File:Orang Pendek.png | 209x209px]] | ||||||||||
| Skunk ape | Stink Ape, Myakka Ape, Myakka Skunk Ape | Primate | Florida, United States | [[File:The Florida Skunk Ape - panoramio.jpg | 200x200px]] | |||||||||
| url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/its-the-monstrous-new-trend-sweeping-travel-what-is-cryptid-tourism-873583.html | title=It's the monstrous new trend sweeping travel – what is cryptid-tourism? | publisher=Irish Examiner | access-date=13 December 2018 | archive-date=4 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004225011/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews//lifestyle/its-the-monstrous-new-trend-sweeping-travel-what-is-cryptid-tourism-873583.html | url-status=dead }} | Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman | Primate (possible hominin) | China | |||||
| Yeti | Abominable Snowman | Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions | Himalayas (Asia) | [[File:B5bugerbear.jpg | 180px]] | |||||||||
| author-first1=Caleb W. | author-last1=Lack | author-first2=Jacques | author-last2=Rousseau | title=Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Miy2CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154 | date=8 March 2016 | publisher=Springer Publishing Company | isbn=978-0-8261-9426-8 | page=154}} | Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions | Australia | [[File:Yowie-statue-Kilcoy-Queensland.JPG | 180px]] |
Flying
| Name | Other names | Description | Purported location | Depiction | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20151029-the-monster-you-should-never-find | title=The monster you should never find | first=S.J. | last=Velasquez | date=31 October 2015 | work=BBC Online | publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation | access-date=11 August 2018}} | Leeds Devil | Winged bipedal horse | United States, mainly the South Jersey Pine Barrens, as well as other parts of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania | [[File:Jersey Devil Philadelphia Post 1909.jpg | 180px]] |
| Kinderhook Blob | Kinderhook Creature | floating white blob | Kinderhook, NY | |||||||||
| Kongamato | Living species of pterosaur | Mwinilunga, Zambia | ||||||||||
| Mothman | Winged Man, Bird Man, UFO-Bird, Mason Bird Monster | Winged bipedal | Mason County, West Virginia, United States | [[File:Mothman Artist's Impression.png | 180px]] | |||||||
| Pterodactyl (surviving original populations) | Pterodactylus; Pterosaur | Extinct winged reptile | Boise, Idaho | [[File:Pterodactylus holotype fly mmartyniuk.png | thumb]] | |||||||
| Thunderbird | Giant black bird of prey | North America |
Notes
References
Sources
References
- Mullis (2021: 185): "Eschewing the rigors of science, cryptozoologists publish for a popular audience rather than for experts resulting in the practice itself frequently being derided as a pseudoscience."
- Loxton & Prothero (2013: 332): "Whatever the romantic appeal of monster mysteries, cryptozoology as it exists today is unquestionably a pseudoscience." Loxton & Prothero (2013: 320): "Cryptozoology has a reputation of being part of a general pseudoscientific fringe—just one more facet of [[paranormal]] belief." (Both quotes from [[Donald Prothero]])
- Church (2009: 251–252): "Cryptozoology has acquired a bad reputation as a pseudoscience [...] Until detailed, methodical research becomes standard practice among cryptozoologists, the field will remain disrespected by more traditional biologists and zoologists."
- Roesch & Moore (2002: 71–78): "Pointing to this rampant speculation and ignorance of established scientific theories in cryptozoology, as well as the field's poor record of success and its reliance on unsystematic, anecdotal evidence, many scientists and skeptics classify cryptozoology as a pseudoscience."
- (2 May 2003). "Show Me the Body". [[Scientific American]].
- (2000). "Borderlands". [[The Overlook Press]].
- Simpson, George Gaylord (1984). "Mammals and Cryptozoology". ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society''. Vol. 128, No. 1 (Mar. 30, 1984), pp. 1–19. [[American Philosophical Society]].
- Cassella, Carly. (2023-01-31). "Bigfoot Has a Very Simple Explanation, Scientist Says".
- Loxton & Prothero (2013: 31-32)
- "El misterioso viaje de las anguilas desde el Triángulo de las Bermudas a los barrancos canarios". ABC.
- Bunyip. (2018). ''Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia'', 1;
- (November 2002). "The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience". [[ABC-CLIO]].
- Mörzer Bruyns, W. F. J. (1971). Field guide of whales and dolphins. Rivonverhandeling. Tor. pp. 124–125. {{ISBN. 978-90-70055-09-7
- "Cetaceans with two dorsal fins".
- "Ireland's hound of deep - Dobhar Chu". [[Irish Central News]].
- Nicaise, Alexander. (2019-09-05). "Gloucester Sea-Serpent Mystery: Solved after Two Centuries {{!}} Skeptical Inquirer".
- Fuller, Errol (1999). The Great Auk. Southborough, Kent, UK: Privately Published. ISBN 0-9533553-0-6 pp. 404-413
- Gilmore, David D.. (2003). "Monsters : evil beings, mythical beasts, and all manner of imaginary terrors". University of Pennsylvania Press.
- "Welcome to Ogopogo Country - Canada's Lake Creature".
- (4 February 2013). "Reports Surface of Monster Lurking in Russian Lake". [[Live Science]].
- (5 March 2014). "Divers preparing for icy waters of Russia's 'Loch Ness'". [[The Siberian Times]].
- (21 April 2014). "Meet the creature found by divers in Russia's Loch Ness, famed for legends of monsters". [[The Siberian Times]].
- Haupt, R.. (30 June 2015). "The Loveland Frog".
- Bernhardt, Darren. "Keep your camera handy: Stories of Manitoba lake monsters told for centuries but proof remains elusive". [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]].
- Guimont, Edward. (2021-10-05). "The Megalodon: A Monster of the New Mythology". M/C Journal.
- Montgomery, Joy. (7 June 2024). "How Megalodon Worked".
- Floyd, E. Randall. (2000). "Great Southern Mysteries". Barnes & Noble Books.
- James, R. M. (2022). MORGAWR AND THE FOLKLORESQUE: (A study of a whopping fish tale). ''Shima'', ''16''(2), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.123
- "Is there an Oklahoma Octopus?".
- Botsford, Flora. (1999-08-31). "Secret life of the Norwegian Nessie". The Guardian.
- Nickell, Joe. (Winter 2016–2017). "Steller's Sea Ape: Identifying an Eighteenth-Century Cryptid". Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.
- "Fantastic Cryptids And Where To Find Them". [[Forbes]].
- Regal, Brian. (15 October 2009). "Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia: A Critical Encyclopedia". [[ABC-CLIO]].
- Sullivan, Mark. (29 October 2006). "Decades later, the Dover Demon still haunts". [[The Boston Globe]].
- "Bigfoot, Chupacabra, and … Fresno Nightcrawler? Walking pants bring Fresno freaky fame".
- Blitz, Matt. (2015-10-30). "The Goatman–Or His Story, at Least–Still Haunts Prince George’s County - Washingtonian".
- (2019-11-03). "Pope Lick Legend: Loved ones of those who died on trestle push for change".
- (2018-03-08). "Tracking Goatman: The story behind the Lake Worth Monster".
- Bennett, Max. "Is the 50-Foot Congo Snake Fact or Fiction?".
- (11 July 2018). "A Search for Mysteries and Monsters in Small Town America".
- Hudson, Alison. (28 July 2015). "Wag the Dogman".
- Foxon, Floe. (2024-12-30). "Fringe Zoology: The (In)Convenience of Disappearing Evidence {{!}} Skeptical Inquirer".
- (2014-06-21). "Mongolian Death Worm: Elusive Legend of the Gobi Desert".
- Simpson, George Gaylord. (1984). "Mammals and Cryptozoology". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.
- Sword, Autumn. (2021-09-10). "Not Deer, or a Deer? {{!}} Skeptical Inquirer".
- Smith, Malcolm. (1996). "Bunyips & bigfoots : in search of Australia's mystery animals". Millennium Books.
- Nickell, J., & RANDI, J. (2004). Cryptids “Down Under.” In ''The Mystery Chronicles: More Real-Life X-Files'' (pp. 289–295). University Press of Kentucky. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2tv62q.39
- Crane, K. (2012). ''Myths of wilderness in contemporary narratives : Environmental postcolonialism in australia and canada''. (pp.145) Palgrave Macmillan
- "'Amomongo' frightens villagers in Negros". ABS-CBN News.
- "On the hunt for the elusive Bukit Timah Monkey Man". [[Channel NewsAsia]].
- (September 18, 1985). "Chatawa—Indians weren't kidding about the sparkling water". Enterprise-Journal.
- (July 17, 2020). "Focused on Mississippi: Chatawa Monster". WJTV.
- O'Carroll, Eoin. (28 September 2018). "Bigfoot and beyond: Why tales of wild men endure". The [[Christian Science Monitor]].
- Naish, Darren. "De Loys’ Ape and what to do with it".
- Dunning, B.. (4 March 2014). "The Boggy Creek Monster".
- Thibodeau, Sunni. (24 June 2001). "The Fouke Monster 30 Years Later: Ex-journalists recall sifting fact from Fouke fiction after sighting". Texarkana Gazette.
- (December 2003). "The Honey Island Swamp Monster: The Development and Maintenance of Folk and Commodified Belief Tradition".
- Ziezulewicz, Geoff. (2022-11-01). "Giants of Kandahar: outlandish tales of the US military in Afghanistan".
- (2006-04-01). "Twilight of the mammoths: Ice Age extinctions and the rewilding of America". Choice Reviews Online.
- "It's the monstrous new trend sweeping travel – what is cryptid-tourism?". [[Irish Examiner]].
- (8 March 2016). "Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains". [[Springer Publishing Company]].
- (8 March 2016). "Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains". Springer Publishing Company.
- Velasquez, S.J.. (31 October 2015). "The monster you should never find". [[British Broadcasting Corporation]].
- Hallenbeck, Bruce. (2013). "Monsters of New York". Simon & Shuster.
- Matthews, John. (2005). "The Element Encyclopedia of Magical Creatures".
- (16 January 2018). "People Keep Seeing the Mothman in Chicago".
- (2015-09-10). "Pterodactyl-like creature seen flying over Idaho". FOX 5 San Diego & KUSI News.
- (2024-10-24). "Mysterious Thunderbird sightings in Pennsylvania examined in TV series - CBS Pittsburgh".
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