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List of cryptids

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Summary

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Cryptids are animals or other beings whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology, the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been widely critiqued by scientists. The subculture is regularly criticized for reliance on anecdotal information and because in the course of investigating animals that most scientists believe are unlikely to have existed, cryptozoologists do not follow the scientific method. Many scientists have criticized the plausibility of cryptids due to lack of physical evidence, likely misidentifications and misinterpretation of stories from folklore. While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumor.

List

Aquatic or semi-aquatic

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
**Hairy EelPond animalPamital ravine, Canary Islands
BunyipBahnyipAmphibious creatureAustralia[[File:Bunyip_1890.jpg180px]]
**CaddySea animalPacific Coast of North America[[File:Cadborosaurus October 1937.jpg180px]]
ChampChampyLake monsterLake Champlain, North America[[File:Artistic representation of Sandra Mansi's 1977 photograph of "Champ" lake monster.jpg180px]]
Cryptid WhalesGiglioli's Whale, Rhinoceros dolphin, High-finned sperm whale, Alula whale, Unidentified beaked whalesSea animalPacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[[File:Amphiptera pacifica.jpgframeless]]
Dobhar-chúWater Hound, King OtterExtra-large otter-like carnivorous aquatic mammalIreland[[File:Dobhar-chu encounter.jpg180px]]
Gloucester sea serpentLarge serpentGloucester, Cape Ann[[File:1817 Gloucester sea serpent.jpgleft212x212px]]
Great auk (surviving populations)Pinguinus impennis, garefowlAquatic flightless birdNorthern Atlantic[[File:Great Auk (Pinguinis impennis) specimen, Kelvingrove, Glasgow - geograph.org.uk - 1108249.jpg189x189px]]
IemischIemisch ListaiMix of a jaguar and otterPatagonia
IgopogoKempenfelt KellyLake monsterLake Simcoe, Ontario (Canada)
Labynkyr DevilLabynkyrsky ChertLake monsterOymyakonsky Ulus, Sakha Republic, Russia
Loch Ness MonsterNessieLake monsterLoch Ness, Scotland[[File:Lochneska poboba museumofnessie (cropped).jpg180pxSculpture of the Loch Ness monster as a plesiosaurus]]
Loveland FrogLoveland frogman, Loveland lizardHumanoid frogLoveland, Ohio[[File:Loveland frog.png180px]]
ManipogoWinnipogoLake monsterLake Manitoba, Canada
Megalodon (surviving populations){{cite newsfirst=Jefdate=8 August 2013title=Prominent Cryptozoologists Denounce 'Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives'url=https://www.houstonpress.com/arts/prominent-cryptozoologists-denounce-megalodon-the-monster-shark-lives-6363740?showFullText=truework=Houston Pressaccess-date=31 October 2024}}Otodus megalodonGiant prehistoric sharkOceans
MermaidTop half human female and bottom half fishOceans, various bodies of water[[File:John William Waterhouse A Mermaid.jpgthumb]]
Mokele-mbembeDinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster)Republic of the Congo[[File:Mokele-mbembe_ill_artlibre_jnl.png180px]]
Montauk MonsterSmall bald beaked mammalMontauk, Long Island, NY
MorgawrSea serpentFalmouth Bay
OgopogoN'ha•a•itk, NaitakaLake monsterLake Okanagan, Canada[[File:OgoPogo crop.jpg180px]]
Oklahoma Octopusgiant octopusLake Thunderbird, Oklahoma, USA
Sea serpentsSea animals, dinosaursAll bodies of water[[File:Soe Orm 1555.jpg180px]]
SelmaSeljordsormenLake monsterLake Seljord, Telemark, Norway
Steller's sea apeSea animalPacific Ocean

Terrestrial

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/duncanmadden/2018/11/16/fantastic-cryptids-and-where-to-find-them/#6b1949ed1d99title=Fantastic Cryptids And Where To Find Themwork=Forbesaccess-date=18 December 2018}}Alien big cats (ABCs), phantom cats, mystery cats, English lions,
Beast of Bodmin, Beast of ExmoorCarnivorous mammalGreat Britain[[File:Felicity Inverness Museum.JPG180px]]
first=Brianlast=Regaltitle=Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia: A Critical Encyclopediaurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=c6PACQAAQBAJdate=15 October 2009publisher=ABC-CLIOisbn=978-0-313-35508-0}}Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker)Puerto Rico (originally),
South and Central America,
Southern North America[[File:Chupacabra (artist's rendition).jpg180px]]
Dover DemonDover, Massachusetts[[File:Dover Demon.png187x187px]]
Fresno nightcrawlerLong white legs with no torsoFresno, California
GoatmanPope Lick Monster; Lake Worth monster; Satyr; FaunTop half is man with horns and bottom half is goat legsPrince George's County, Maryland; Louisville, Kentucky; Lake Worth, Texas[[File:Faun 2 (PSF).pngthumb]]
Katanga Snake50-Foot SnakeKatanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lizard Man of Scape Ore SwampLizard Man of Lee CountyBipedalSouth Carolina, United States
id=4477number=477date=28 July 2015last=Hudsonfirst=Alisontitle=Wag the Dogmanaccessdate=22 June 2017}}Humanoid dogWexford County, Michigan
Moa (surviving original populations)Dinornis robustus (South Island giant moa), Dinornis novaezelandiae (North Island giant moa), Anomalopteryx didiformis *(*Bush moa, little bush moa, or lesser moa*)*Medium to large flightless birdsNew Zealand[[File:Moa mock hunt.jpg268x268px]]
Mongolian death wormAllghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoiWorm-like animalGobi Desert (Asia)[[File:Allghoikhorkhoi.jpg180px]]
Nandi bearChemosit, Kerit, Koddoelo, Ngoelo, Ngoloko, DubaLarge carnivoreEastern Africa[[File:Nandi bear 1961 (cropped).png180px]]
Not-deerNot deerWhite-tailed deer with unnatural characteristicsAppalachia[[File:Not-deer cryptid.png180px]]
Queensland TigerYarriLarge felineQueensland
Thylacine (surviving original populations)Tasmanian tiger. Tasmanian wolf, Thylacinus cynocephalusCarnivorous marsupialAustralia[[File:"Benjamin".jpg216x216px]]

[[Hominid]]

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
AlmasAbnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok,
biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan,
kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi,
mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, ZanaNon-human ape or hominidAsia/Caucasus
AmomongoOrang Mawas, ImpaktaApe or hominidNegros Occidental, Philippines
BigfootSasquatchLarge and hairy ape-like creatureUnited States and Canada[[File:Patterson Gimlin Bigfoot (cropped).jpg180px]]
url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/on-the-hunt-for-the-elusive-bukit-timah-monkey-man-9816486title=On the hunt for the elusive Bukit Timah Monkey Manpublisher=Channel NewsAsiaaccess-date=18 December 2018archive-date=30 October 2018archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030131239/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/on-the-hunt-for-the-elusive-bukit-timah-monkey-man-9816486url-status=dead }}BTM, BTMMForest-dwelling hominid or other primateSingapore
Chatawa MonsterLarge ape-like creatureMississippi, United States
last=O'Carrollfirst=Eoindate=28 September 2018title=Bigfoot and beyond: Why tales of wild men endureurl=https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2018/0928/Bigfoot-and-beyond-Why-tales-of-wild-men-endurework=The Christian Science Monitoraccess-date=11 December 2018}}Large hominidRussia
De Loy's ApeAmeranthropoides loysiBipedal, erect-walking primate - slightly under 5 feet of heightSouth America, (Colombian-Venezuelan border)[[File:De Loys Société des Américanistes.pngthumb]]
Fouke MonsterJonesville Monster, Southern Sasquatch, Boggy Creek MonsterHominid or other primateArkansas, United States
Honey Island Swamp monsterLetiche, Tainted KeitreHominid or other primateLouisiana, United States
Kandahar Giant13 feet tall red-headed man with six fingers on each hand and two rows of teethKandahar, Afghanistan
MapinguariMapinguaryman-eating hominid with a mouth in its adbomen; sometimes thought to be a ground slothBrazil[[File:MAPINGUARI (cropped).pngframeless]]
NittaewoNittevoSmall hominidsSri Lanka
Orang PendekSmall hominidSumatra[[File:Orang Pendek.png209x209px]]
Skunk apeStink Ape, Myakka Ape, Myakka Skunk ApePrimateFlorida, United States[[File:The Florida Skunk Ape - panoramio.jpg200x200px]]
url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/its-the-monstrous-new-trend-sweeping-travel-what-is-cryptid-tourism-873583.htmltitle=It's the monstrous new trend sweeping travel – what is cryptid-tourism?publisher=Irish Examineraccess-date=13 December 2018archive-date=4 October 2018archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004225011/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews//lifestyle/its-the-monstrous-new-trend-sweeping-travel-what-is-cryptid-tourism-873583.htmlurl-status=dead }}Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese WildmanPrimate (possible hominin)China
YetiAbominable SnowmanLarge and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptionsHimalayas (Asia)[[File:B5bugerbear.jpg180px]]
author-first1=Caleb W.author-last1=Lackauthor-first2=Jacquesauthor-last2=Rousseautitle=Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brainsurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Miy2CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154date=8 March 2016publisher=Springer Publishing Companyisbn=978-0-8261-9426-8page=154}}Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptionsAustralia[[File:Yowie-statue-Kilcoy-Queensland.JPG180px]]

Flying

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20151029-the-monster-you-should-never-findtitle=The monster you should never findfirst=S.J.last=Velasquezdate=31 October 2015work=BBC Onlinepublisher=British Broadcasting Corporationaccess-date=11 August 2018}}Leeds DevilWinged bipedal horseUnited States, mainly the South Jersey Pine Barrens, as well as other parts of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania[[File:Jersey Devil Philadelphia Post 1909.jpg180px]]
Kinderhook BlobKinderhook Creaturefloating white blobKinderhook, NY
KongamatoLiving species of pterosaurMwinilunga, Zambia
MothmanWinged Man, Bird Man, UFO-Bird, Mason Bird MonsterWinged bipedalMason County, West Virginia, United States[[File:Mothman Artist's Impression.png180px]]
Pterodactyl (surviving original populations)Pterodactylus; PterosaurExtinct winged reptileBoise, Idaho[[File:Pterodactylus holotype fly mmartyniuk.pngthumb]]
ThunderbirdGiant black bird of preyNorth America

Notes

References

Sources

References

  1. Mullis (2021: 185): "Eschewing the rigors of science, cryptozoologists publish for a popular audience rather than for experts resulting in the practice itself frequently being derided as a pseudoscience."
  2. Loxton & Prothero (2013: 332): "Whatever the romantic appeal of monster mysteries, cryptozoology as it exists today is unquestionably a pseudoscience." Loxton & Prothero (2013: 320): "Cryptozoology has a reputation of being part of a general pseudoscientific fringe—just one more facet of [[paranormal]] belief." (Both quotes from [[Donald Prothero]])
  3. Church (2009: 251–252): "Cryptozoology has acquired a bad reputation as a pseudoscience [...] Until detailed, methodical research becomes standard practice among cryptozoologists, the field will remain disrespected by more traditional biologists and zoologists."
  4. Roesch & Moore (2002: 71–78): "Pointing to this rampant speculation and ignorance of established scientific theories in cryptozoology, as well as the field's poor record of success and its reliance on unsystematic, anecdotal evidence, many scientists and skeptics classify cryptozoology as a pseudoscience."
  5. (2 May 2003). "Show Me the Body". [[Scientific American]].
  6. (2000). "Borderlands". [[The Overlook Press]].
  7. Simpson, George Gaylord (1984). "Mammals and Cryptozoology". ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society''. Vol. 128, No. 1 (Mar. 30, 1984), pp. 1–19. [[American Philosophical Society]].
  8. Cassella, Carly. (2023-01-31). "Bigfoot Has a Very Simple Explanation, Scientist Says".
  9. Loxton & Prothero (2013: 31-32)
  10. "El misterioso viaje de las anguilas desde el Triángulo de las Bermudas a los barrancos canarios". ABC.
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  30. Botsford, Flora. (1999-08-31). "Secret life of the Norwegian Nessie". The Guardian.
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  32. "Fantastic Cryptids And Where To Find Them". [[Forbes]].
  33. Regal, Brian. (15 October 2009). "Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia: A Critical Encyclopedia". [[ABC-CLIO]].
  34. Sullivan, Mark. (29 October 2006). "Decades later, the Dover Demon still haunts". [[The Boston Globe]].
  35. "Bigfoot, Chupacabra, and … Fresno Nightcrawler? Walking pants bring Fresno freaky fame".
  36. Blitz, Matt. (2015-10-30). "The Goatman–Or His Story, at Least–Still Haunts Prince George’s County - Washingtonian".
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  43. (2014-06-21). "Mongolian Death Worm: Elusive Legend of the Gobi Desert".
  44. Simpson, George Gaylord. (1984). "Mammals and Cryptozoology". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.
  45. Sword, Autumn. (2021-09-10). "Not Deer, or a Deer? {{!}} Skeptical Inquirer".
  46. Smith, Malcolm. (1996). "Bunyips & bigfoots : in search of Australia's mystery animals". Millennium Books.
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  49. "'Amomongo' frightens villagers in Negros". ABS-CBN News.
  50. "On the hunt for the elusive Bukit Timah Monkey Man". [[Channel NewsAsia]].
  51. (September 18, 1985). "Chatawa—Indians weren't kidding about the sparkling water". Enterprise-Journal.
  52. (July 17, 2020). "Focused on Mississippi: Chatawa Monster". WJTV.
  53. O'Carroll, Eoin. (28 September 2018). "Bigfoot and beyond: Why tales of wild men endure". The [[Christian Science Monitor]].
  54. Naish, Darren. "De Loys’ Ape and what to do with it".
  55. Dunning, B.. (4 March 2014). "The Boggy Creek Monster".
  56. Thibodeau, Sunni. (24 June 2001). "The Fouke Monster 30 Years Later: Ex-journalists recall sifting fact from Fouke fiction after sighting". Texarkana Gazette.
  57. (December 2003). "The Honey Island Swamp Monster: The Development and Maintenance of Folk and Commodified Belief Tradition".
  58. Ziezulewicz, Geoff. (2022-11-01). "Giants of Kandahar: outlandish tales of the US military in Afghanistan".
  59. (2006-04-01). "Twilight of the mammoths: Ice Age extinctions and the rewilding of America". Choice Reviews Online.
  60. "It's the monstrous new trend sweeping travel – what is cryptid-tourism?". [[Irish Examiner]].
  61. (8 March 2016). "Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains". [[Springer Publishing Company]].
  62. (8 March 2016). "Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains". Springer Publishing Company.
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  64. Hallenbeck, Bruce. (2013). "Monsters of New York". Simon & Shuster.
  65. Matthews, John. (2005). "The Element Encyclopedia of Magical Creatures".
  66. (16 January 2018). "People Keep Seeing the Mothman in Chicago".
  67. (2015-09-10). "Pterodactyl-like creature seen flying over Idaho". FOX 5 San Diego & KUSI News.
  68. (2024-10-24). "Mysterious Thunderbird sightings in Pennsylvania examined in TV series - CBS Pittsburgh".
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