List of colonial governors of New York

Dutch Era of New Netherland (1624–1664; 1673–1674)

New Netherland (Dutch: Nieuw-Nederland) was the 17th-century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and the Dutch West India Company. It claimed territories along the eastern coast of North America from the Delmarva Peninsula to southwestern Cape Cod. Settled areas of New Netherland are now constitute the states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut, and parts of Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. The provincial capital New Amsterdam was located at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan at Upper New York Bay.

New Netherland was conceived as a private business venture to exploit the North American fur trade. By the 1650s, the colony experienced dramatic growth and became a major port for trade in the North Atlantic. The leader of the Dutch colony was known by the title Director or Director-General. On August 27, 1664, four English frigates commanded by Richard Nicolls sailed into New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded the surrender of New Netherland. This event sparked the Second Anglo-Dutch War, which led to the transfer of the territory to England per the Treaty of Breda.

Restoration of the colony, 1673–1674

In 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch were able to recapture New Amsterdam (renamed "New York" by the British) under Admiral Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and Captain Anthony Colve. Evertsen renamed the city "New Orange." Evertsen returned to the Netherlands in July 1674, and was accused of disobeying his orders. Evertsen had been instructed not to retake New Amsterdam but instead to conquer the British colonies of Saint Helena and Cayenne (now French Guiana). In 1674, the Dutch were compelled to relinquish New Amsterdam to the British under the terms of the Second Treaty of Westminster.

Under British control (1664–1673; 1674–1783)

Apart from a short period between May 1688 and April 1689, during which New York was part of the Dominion of New England, the territory was known in this period as the Province of New York.

Bibliography

• Paterson, David "Black, Blind, & In Charge: A Story of Visionary Leadership and Overcoming Adversity."Skyhorse Publishing. New York, New York, 2020

References

References

1. [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/charter_011.asp "Grant of Exclusive Trade to New Netherland by the States-General of the United Netherlands; October 11, 1614"] from ''Documentary History of the State of Maine'' (Portland: Maine Historical Society / Bailey and Noyes, 1869–1916). Published online at the Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
2. Jacobs, Jaap. ''New Netherland: A Dutch Colony In Seventeenth-Century America''. (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 35.
3. van der Sijs, Nicoline. ''Cookies, Coleslaw and Stoops: The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages.'' (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 21.
4. Dolin, Eric Jay. ''Fur, Fortune, and Empire: The Epic History of the Fur Trade in America''. (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011) passim.
5. World Digital Library. ''[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4062 Articles about the Transfer of New Netherland on the 27th of August, Old Style, Anno 1664]''. Retrieved 21 March 2013
6. Versteer, Dingman (editor). "New Amsterdam Becomes New York" in ''[https://archive.org/details/newnetherlandreg00vers The New Netherland Register]''. Volume 1 No. 4 and 5 (April/May 1911): 49–64.
7. Farnham, Mary Frances (compiler). "Farnham Papers (1603–1688)" in Volumes 7 and 8 of ''Documentary History of the State of Maine''. (Portland, Maine: Collections of the Maine Historical Society, 2nd Series. 1901–1902), 7:311–314.
8. Parry, Clive (editor). ''[[Consolidated Treaty Series]]'' 231 Volumes. (Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1969–1981), 10:231.
9. Burrows, Edwin G., and Wallace, Mike. ''Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), xivff.
10. [[Donna Merwick. Merwick, Donna]]. ''The Shame and the Sorrow: Dutch-Amerindian Encounters in New Netherland'' Early American Series. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006).
11. (1641–1647). "Journal of New Netherland 1647. Written in the Years 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, and 1646".
12. Shorto, Russell. ''The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America''. (New York City: Vintage Books, 2004).
13. Otto, Paul. ''The Dutch-Munsee Encounter in America: The Struggle for Sovereignty in the Hudson Valley''. (Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books, 2006), 152; and Kraft, Herbert C. ''The Lenape: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography''. (Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Society, 1986), 241.
14. Roosevelt, Theodore. "[http://www.bartleby.com/171/4.html IV. New Amsterdam becomes New York The Beginning of English Rule. 1664–1674]," in ''New York: A Sketch of the City’s Social, Political, and Commercial Progress from the First Dutch Settlement to Recent Times''. (New York: Charles Scribner & Sons, 1906).
15. Barrevald, Dirk J. ''From New Amsterdam to New York: The Founding of New York by the Dutch in July 1625''. (Lincoln, Nebraska: Writers Club Press, 2001), 248.
16. Shomette, Donald G. and Haslach, Robert D. ''Raid on America: The Dutch Naval Campaign of 1672–1674''. (Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1988), 73, 139–151; De Waard, Cornelis. ''De Zeeuwsche expeditie naar de West onder Cornelis Evertsen den Jonge, 1672–1674''. (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1928). (in Dutch)
17. Westdorp, Martina. [http://stuyvesant.library.uu.nl/kaarten/zeeuwseexpeditie2.htm "Behouden of opgeven? Het lot van de nederlandse kolonie Nieuw-Nederland na de herovering op de Engelsen in 1673"] {{webarchive. link. (2008-06-30 in ''De wereld van Peter Stuyvesant'' (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 March 2013.)
18. Prak, Maarten. The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century: The Golden Age. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 116.