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List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada

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Census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs) are geographic units defined by Statistics Canada to encompass an urban core and environs. This list is arranged by population, using data from the 2021 and 2016 Canadian censuses.

A city's metropolitan area in colloquial or administrative terms may be different from its CMA as defined by Statistics Canada, resulting in differing populations. Such is the case with the Greater Toronto Area, where its metro population is notably higher than its CMA population due to its inclusion of the neighbouring Oshawa CMA to the east and the Burlington portion of the neighbouring Hamilton CMA to the west.

In 2021, 27,465,137 people (71.9% of Canada's population) lived in a CMA, while 4,596,279 (12.0%) lived in a CA.

Recent growth

Between 2016 and 2021, the five CMAs with the highest percentage growth were located in British Columbia and Southern Ontario. The five CMAs with the lowest percentage growth were in Quebec, Alberta, Northern Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador. There were no CMAs for which negative growth was recorded in the 2021 census. The five CAs that grew the fastest were in British Columbia, Southern Ontario, and Alberta, while the five CAs whose population declined the most were in New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Northern British Columbia, Manitoba and Newfoundland and Labrador.

Between 2011 and 2016, the six fastest-growing CMAs by percentage growth were located in Western Canada, with Alberta's two CMAs, Calgary and Edmonton, leading the country. Saskatoon, Regina, and Lethbridge rounded out the top five in the country and each grew by at least 10%. Of the remaining 30 CMAs, population growth was recorded in all but two of them. Those that experienced population decline were Brantford and Saint John. Ten of the fifteen fastest-growing CAs in Canada between the two most recent censuses were located in Alberta. The other five were located in British Columbia with two, and Manitoba, Ontario and Yukon each with one.

Between 2006 and 2011, twenty-four CAs experienced population decline. The fifteen CAs that experienced the greatest population decline were located in British Columbia (two), Manitoba (one), New Brunswick (one), Nova Scotia (three), Ontario (four) and Quebec (four). Okotoks experienced the greatest increase while Thompson experienced the greatest decline.

List

Canada had 41 CMAs and 111 CAs at the 2021 census. The number of CMAs increased from 35 in 2016 with the promotion of the Nanaimo, Kamloops, Chilliwack, Fredericton, Drummondville and Red Deer CAs. Overall, between promotion to CMA, absorption, and dissolution, the number of CAs decreased by seven. Amos was reinstated as a CA and Ladysmith, Trail and Essa were added as new CAs. The Carleton Place and Arnprior CAs were dissolved as they were added to the Ottawa–Gatineau CMA, the Leamington CA was dissolved as it was added to the Windsor CMA, and the Cold Lake and Bay Roberts CAs were dissolved as their urban population decreased below 10,000. 2016 rankings in the chart below are based on 2021 boundaries and exclude the five CAs dissolved in 2021 but include the four new/reinstated CAs.

Canada had 35 CMAs and 117 CAs at the 2016 census. The number of CMAs increased from 33 in 2011 with the promotion of the Belleville and Lethbridge CAs. The number of CAs increased from 113 through the creation of eight new CAs – Arnprior, Carleton Place, Gander, Nelson, Sainte-Marie, Wasaga Beach, Weyburn and Winkler – the demotion of two CAs – Amos and Temiskaming Shores – and the promotion of Belleville and Lethbridge to CMAs. File:Toronto Skyline September 2014.jpg|Toronto (6,202,225) File:Mtl from mont royal.jpg|Montreal (4,291,732) File:Vancouver ib.jpg|Vancouver (2,642,825) File:Ottawa Skyline June 2019.jpg|Ottawa–Gatineau (1,488,307) File:Calgary Skyline May 2018 (cropped).jpg|Calgary (1,481,806) File:Edmonton Skyline from 106 Street Lookout 2019 crop.jpg|Edmonton (1,418,118)

Rank (2021)Rank (2016)Geographic nameProvinceTypePopulationChg.Land area (km2)Pop. density (/km2)last=first=date=title=Population and dwelling counts: Census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions (municipalities)1url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000301url-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209181811/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000301archive-date=2022-02-09access-date=2023-06-07website=Statistics Canada}}(2016)
11TorontoOntarioCMA5902.75
22MontrealQuebecCMA4670.10
33VancouverBritish ColumbiaCMA2878.93
45Ottawa–GatineauOntario/QuebecCMA8046.99
54CalgaryAlbertaCMA5098.68
66EdmontonAlbertaCMA9416.19
77Quebec CityQuebecCMA3499.46
88WinnipegManitobaCMA5285.46
99HamiltonOntarioCMA1373.15
1010Kitchener–Cambridge–WaterlooOntarioCMA1092.33
1111LondonOntarioCMA2661.48
1212HalifaxNova ScotiaCMA7276.22
1313St. Catharines–NiagaraOntarioCMA1397.09
1414WindsorOntarioCMA1803.17
1515OshawaOntarioCMA903.25
1616VictoriaBritish ColumbiaCMA695.29
1717SaskatoonSaskatchewanCMA5864.48
1818ReginaSaskatchewanCMA4323.66
1919SherbrookeQuebecCMA1458.10
2022KelownaBritish ColumbiaCMA2902.45
2121BarrieOntarioCMA897.26
2220St. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCMA931.56
2323Abbotsford–MissionBritish ColumbiaCMA606.72
2426KingstonOntarioCMA1919.17
2524Greater SudburyOntarioCMA4187.40
2628GuelphOntarioCMA595.08
2725SaguenayQuebecCMA3133.53
2827Trois-RivièresQuebecCMA1038.64
2929MonctonNew BrunswickCMA2562.47
3030BrantfordOntarioCMA1074.00
3131Saint JohnNew BrunswickCMA3505.66
3232PeterboroughOntarioCMA1508.44
3334LethbridgeAlbertaCMA2958.96
3433Thunder BayOntarioCMA2550.79
3535NanaimoBritish ColumbiaCMA1279.28
3636KamloopsBritish ColumbiaCMA5654.08
3740ChilliwackBritish ColumbiaCMA1444.02
3837Belleville–Quinte WestOntarioCMA1337.50
3938FrederictonNew BrunswickCMA6014.66
4039Chatham-KentOntarioCA2464.52
4143DrummondvilleQuebecCMA1094.36
4241Red DeerAlbertaCMA104.34
4342Cape BretonNova ScotiaCA2457.21
4444SarniaOntarioCA1117.20
4546GranbyQuebecCA494.10
4645Prince GeorgeBritish ColumbiaCA17650.99
4749Kawartha LakesOntarioCA3033.66
4851CharlottetownPrince Edward IslandCA1112.43
4947Sault Ste. MarieOntarioCA802.58
5048Medicine HatAlbertaCA13106.11
5150Wood BuffaloAlbertaCA60957.21
5252North BayOntarioCA5314.85
5353NorfolkOntarioCA1597.68
5455VernonBritish ColumbiaCA1041.09
5554Grande PrairieAlbertaCA132.71
5658CourtenayBritish ColumbiaCA624.33
5756CornwallOntarioCA509.21
5857Saint-HyacintheQuebecCA259.38
5960BrandonManitobaCA1232.81
6059RimouskiQuebecCA772.93
6161VictoriavilleQuebecCA378.10
6262JolietteQuebecCA108.66
6363ShawiniganQuebecCA729.98
6465DuncanBritish ColumbiaCA373.22
6567PentictonBritish ColumbiaCA1734.72
6671WoodstockOntarioCA56.46
6764TruroNova ScotiaCA2732.53
6866Prince AlbertSaskatchewanCA2537.68
6972Salaberry-de-ValleyfieldQuebecCA108.56
7068Rouyn-NorandaQuebecCA5963.57
7170Sorel-TracyQuebecCA170.31
7269TimminsOntarioCA2955.33
7373Campbell RiverBritish ColumbiaCA1734.05
7474LloydminsterAlberta/SaskatchewanCA1984.24
7575Moose JawSaskatchewanCA843.44
7677Saint-GeorgesQuebecCA365.21
7776New GlasgowNova ScotiaCA2066.47
7878Val-d'OrQuebecCA3539.98
7982OrilliaOntarioCA28.53
8080StratfordOntarioCA30.02
8179Owen SoundOntarioCA624.18
8286WinklerManitobaCA872.19
8392WhitehorseYukonCA8465.21
8481BrockvilleOntarioCA576.87
8583BathurstNew BrunswickCA2100.05
8693Centre WellingtonOntarioCA409.41
8788ParksvilleBritish ColumbiaCA81.81
8887OkotoksAlbertaCA38.55
8985AlmaQuebecCA194.92
9089Rivière-du-LoupQuebecCA543.02
9184Corner BrookNewfoundland and LabradorCA1122.58
9291Fort St. JohnBritish ColumbiaCA617.73
9395Thetford MinesQuebecCA405.92
9499MidlandOntarioCA60.75
9590Sept-ÎlesQuebecCA1750.44
9696MiramichiNew BrunswickCA7564.06
9798CranbrookBritish ColumbiaCA4563.87
9897KentvilleNova ScotiaCA607.05
9994Baie-ComeauQuebecCA682.89
100100Port AlberniBritish ColumbiaCA1633.13
101107Wasaga BeachOntarioCA57.42
102105CollingwoodOntarioCA33.15
103110SquamishBritish ColumbiaCA105.43
104101PembrokeOntarioCA553.40
105103Williams LakeBritish ColumbiaCA12422.14
106102QuesnelBritish ColumbiaCA21708.62
107106EssaOntarioCA279.92
108104EdmundstonNew BrunswickCA1582.36
109112CobourgOntarioCA22.41
110111YellowknifeNorthwest TerritoriesCA103.37
111120Sainte-Agathe-des-MontsQuebecCA210.96
112109YorktonSaskatchewanCA1623.32
113121Salmon ArmBritish ColumbiaCA165.42
114113TerraceBritish ColumbiaCA9721.84
115108North BattlefordSaskatchewanCA1118.54
116119NelsonBritish ColumbiaCA1224.30
117116AmosQuebecCA2298.16
118117CamroseAlbertaCA41.67
119118Swift CurrentSaskatchewanCA1129.78
120127TillsonburgOntarioCA22.20
121114MataneQuebecCA865.87
122122PetawawaOntarioCA164.70
123123SummersidePrince Edward IslandCA125.12
124115Dawson CreekBritish ColumbiaCA11716.80
125124Powell RiverBritish ColumbiaCA799.80
126126SteinbachManitobaCA37.56
127125Port HopeOntarioCA278.80
128129Sylvan LakeAlbertaCA24.25
129136CanmoreAlbertaCA68.47
130132LadysmithBritish ColumbiaCA412.01
131128Dolbeau-MistassiniQuebecCA647.75
132139CowansvilleQuebecCA46.87
133130KenoraOntarioCA211.65
134133BrooksAlbertaCA18.21
135137StrathmoreAlbertaCA26.98
136141High RiverAlbertaCA22.19
137134TrailBritish ColumbiaCA279.13
138147LachuteQuebecCA108.66
139135Grand Falls-WindsorNewfoundland and LabradorCA54.84
140148IngersollOntarioCA12.73
141143Prince RupertBritish ColumbiaCA3303.63
142145GanderNewfoundland and LabradorCA2412.67
143146LacombeAlbertaCA20.59
144131CampbelltonNew BrunswickCA1525.45
145144Portage la PrairieManitobaCA24.72
146142Sainte-MarieQuebecCA107.55
147138ThompsonManitobaCA16.62
148140EstevanSaskatchewanCA793.36
149149WetaskiwinAlbertaCA18.75
150150WeyburnSaskatchewanCA828.28
151151HawkesburyOntario/QuebecCA12.91
152152Elliot LakeOntarioCA696.06

References

References

  1. "Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2016 and 2011 censuses (table). 2016 Census.". [[Statistics Canada]].
  2. (May 9, 2001). "What's the difference between the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and CMA Toronto (census metropolitan area)?". Computing in the Humanities and Social Sciences [[University of Toronto]].
  3. "Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2011 and 2006 censuses (table). 2011 Census.". [[Statistics Canada]].
  4. (February 2012). "The Canadian Population in 2011: Population Counts and Growth". [[Statistics Canada]].
  5. "The Daily — Population size and growth in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census".
  6. (9 February 2022). "Figure 1.1 Hierarchy of standard geographic areas for dissemination, 2021 Census". [[Statistics Canada]].
  7. (2021-11-17). "Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021 {{!}} Changes to the name and number of CMAs and CAs for the 2021 Census". [[Statistics Canada]].
  8. (November 16, 2016). "Statistical Area Classification - Variant of SGC 2016 (Census metropolitan area and census agglomeration)". [[Statistics Canada]].
  9. "Population and dwelling counts: Census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions (municipalities)1".
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