Surf Wiki
Save to docs
geography/canada

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

List of Canadian monarchs

none

Summary

none

Listed here are the monarchs who reigned over Canada, starting with the French colony of Canada, which subsequently became a British colony, followed by the British Dominion of Canada, and, finally, the present-day sovereign state of Canada. The date of the first claim by a monarch over Canada varies, with most sources giving the year as 1497, when John Cabot made landfall somewhere on the North American coast (likely either modern-day Newfoundland or Nova Scotia) and claimed the land for England on behalf of King Henry VII. However, some sources, instead, put this date at 1535, when the word Canada was first used to refer to the French colony of Canada, which was founded in the name of King Francis I. Monarchical governance subsequently evolved under a continuous succession of French, British, and eventually uniquely Canadian sovereigns. Since the first claim by Henry VII, there have been 33 sovereigns of Canada, including two sets of co-sovereigns.

While Canada became a Dominion within the British Empire upon Confederation in 1867, the concept of a fully independent Canada sharing the person of the sovereign with the United Kingdom and other countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, only emerged gradually over time through constitutional convention, and was officially confirmed with the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931. Since then,|group=N|name=ECApp}} Although the term king of Canada was used as early as the beginning of the reign of George VI, it was not until 1953 that the monarch's title was made official, with Elizabeth II being the first monarch to be separately proclaimed as Queen of Canada, as per the Royal Style and Titles Act.

Sovereigns of Canada

The French Crown (1534–1763)

PortraitRegnal nameReignFull nameConsortHouse of ValoisHouse of Bourbon
[[File:François Ier Louvre.jpg75px]]Francis I
(1494–1547)24 July 153431 March 1547FrancisEleanor of Austria
Territorial claim:
[[File:Henry II of France-François Clouet (altered).jpg103x103px]]Henry II
(1519–1559)31 March 154710 July 1559HenryCatherine de' Medici
[[File:FrancoisII.jpg75px]]Francis II
(1544–1560)10 July 15595 December 1560FrancisMary, Queen of Scots
[[File:Portrait of King Charles IX of France (1550–1574), by After François Clouet.jpg102x102px]]Charles IX
(1550–1574)5 December 156030 May 1574Charles MaximilianElisabeth of Austria
[[File:Quesnel Henry III of France in Polish hat.jpg91x91px]]Henry III
(1551–1589)30 May 15742 August 1589Alexandre ÉdouardLouise of Lorraine
[[File:Frans Pourbus the Younger (Antwerp 1569 - Paris 1622) - Henri IV, King of France (1553-1610) - RCIN 402972 - Royal Collection.jpg92x92px]]Henry IV
(1553–1610)2 August 158914 May 1610Henri de BourbonMargaret of Valois,
Marie de' Medici
[[File:Luis XIII, rey de Francia (Philippe de Champaigne).jpg95x95px]]Louis XIII
(1601–1643)14 May 161014 May 1643LouisAnne of Austria
[[File:Louis XIV of France.jpg75px]]Louis XIV
(1638–1715)14 May 16431 September 1715Louis-DieudonnéMaria Theresa of Spain,
Françoise d'Aubigné
Territorial changes:
[[File:Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg99x99px]]Louis XV
(1710–1774)1 September 171510 February 1763LouisMarie Leszczyńska
Territorial changes:

The English and British Crowns (1497–1931)

PortraitRegnal nameReignFull nameConsortHouse of TudorHouse of StuartHouse of HanoverHouse of Saxe-Coburg and GothaHouse of Windsor
[[File:Enrique VII de Inglaterra, por un artista anónimo.jpg75px]]Henry VII
(1457–1509)24 June 149721 April 1509HenryElizabeth of York
Territorial changes:
[[File:Workshop of Hans Holbein the Younger - Portrait of Henry VIII - Google Art Project.jpg75px]]Henry VIII
(1491–1547)21 April 150928 January 1547HenryCatherine of Aragon (1509), Anne Boleyn (1533), Jane Seymour (1536), Anne of Cleves (1540), Catherine Howard (1540), Catherine Parr (1543)
[[File:Circle of William Scrots Edward VI of England.jpg98x98px]]Edward VI
(1537–1553)28 January 15476 July 1553EdwardNone
[[File:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg75px]]
[[File:Portrait of Philip II of Spain by Sofonisba Anguissola - 002b.jpg92x92px]]Mary I
(1516–1558)
& Philip II
(1527–1598)
as co-sovereigns19 July 1553 (Mary I)17 November 1558Maryeach other
[[File:Darnley stage 3.jpg109x109px]]Elizabeth I
(1533–1603)17 November 155824 March 1603ElizabethNone
Territorial changes:
[[File:JamesIEngland.jpg126x126px]]James I
(1566–1625)24 March 160327 March 1625Charles JamesAnne of Denmark
[[File:King Charles I after original by van Dyck.jpg75px]]Charles I
(1600–1649)27 March 162530 January 1649CharlesHenrietta Maria of France
*Interregnum*30 January 164929 May 1660
[[File:King Charles II by John Michael Wright or studio.jpg75px]]Charles II
(1630–1685)29 May 16606 February 1685CharlesCatherine of Braganza
Territorial changes:
[[File:James II by Peter Lely.jpg75px]]James II
(1633–1701)6 February 16851 December 1688JamesMary of Modena
*Vacant*1 December 168813 February 1689
[[File:Mary_II_-_Kneller_1690.jpg75px]]
[[File:King William III of England.jpg117x117px]]Mary II
(1662–1694)
& William III
(1650–1702)
as co-sovereigns13 February 168928 December 1694Maryeach other
[[File:Dahl, Michael - Queen Anne - NPG 6187.jpg75px]]Anne
(1665–1714)8 March 17021 August 1714AnnePrince George of Denmark
Territorial changes:
[[File:King George I by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt (3).jpg75px]]George I
(1660–1727)1 August 171411 June 1727George LouisSophia Dorothea of Celle
[[File:George II by Thomas Hudson.jpg75px]]George II
(1683–1760)11 June 1727
old calendar25 October 1760
new calendarGeorge AugustusCaroline of Ansbach
[[File:Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg75px]]George III
(1738–1820)25 October 176029 January 1820George William FrederickCharlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Governors General of British North America: The Lord Dorchester, Robert Prescott, Robert Milnes, Thomas Dunn, James Henry Craig, George Prevost, Gordon Drummond, John Coape Sherbrooke, The Duke of Richmond
Territorial changes:
[[File:George IV 1821 color.jpg109x109px]]George IV
(1762–1830)29 January 182026 June 1830George Augustus FrederickCaroline of Brunswick
Governors General of British North America: The Earl of Dalhousie, James Kempt
[[File:William IV in 1833 by Shee cropped.jpg107x107px]]William IV
(1765–1837)26 June 183020 June 1837William HenryAdelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
Governors General of British North America: The Lord Aylmer, The Earl of Gosford
[[File:Queen Victoria 1843.jpg75px]]Victoria
(1819–1901)20 June 183722 January 1901Alexandrina VictoriaAlbert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Governors General of British North America: The Earl of Gosford, John Colborne, The Earl of Durham, The Lord Sydenham, Charles Bagot, The Lord Metcalfe, The Earl Cathcart, The Earl of Elgin, Edmund Walker Head, The Viscount Monck; Governors General of Canada: The Viscount Monck, the Lord Lisgar, the Earl of Dufferin, the Marquess of Lorne, the Marquess of Lansdowne, the Lord Stanley of Preston, the Earl of Aberdeen, the Earl of Minto
Prime Ministers of Canada: John A. Macdonald, Alexander Mackenzie, John Abbott, John Thompson, Mackenzie Bowell, Charles Tupper, Wilfrid Laurier
Territorial changes:
[[File:King Edward VII by Sir (Samuel) Luke Fildes.jpg115x115px]]Edward VII
(1841–1910)22 January 19016 May 1910Albert EdwardAlexandra of Denmark
Governors General of Canada: The Earl of Minto, the Earl Grey
Prime Minister of Canada: Wilfrid Laurier
Territorial changes:
[[File:King George V 1911.jpg75px]]George V
(1865–1936)6 May 191011 December 1931George Frederick Ernest AlbertMary of Teck
Governors General of Canada: The Earl Grey, the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, the Duke of Devonshire, the Lord Byng of Vimy, the Marquess of Willingdon, the Earl of Bessborough
Prime Ministers of Canada: Wilfrid Laurier, Robert Borden, Arthur Meighen, William Lyon Mackenzie King, Richard B. Bennett
Territorial changes:

The Canadian Crown (1931–present)

In 1931 the Canadian Crown emerged as an independent entity from that of the British Crown due to the Statute of Westminster 1931.

The Dominion of Newfoundland had the same status as Canada in 1931. However, its parliament never adopted the statute to create a separate position of king of Newfoundland and would remain under the British Crown until it joined Canada in 1949.

PortraitRegnal nameReignFull nameConsortHouse of Windsor
[[File:King George V 1911.jpg75px]]George V
(1865–1936)11 December 193120 January 1936George Frederick Ernest AlbertMary of Teck
Governors general: The Earl of Bessborough, the Lord Tweedsmuir
Prime ministers: Richard B. Bennett, William Lyon Mackenzie King
[[File:His Majesty King Edward VIII in Garter Robes (cropped).jpg99x99px]]Edward VIII
(1894–1972)20 January 193611 December 1936Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick Davidnone
Governor general: The Lord Tweedsmuir
Prime minister: William Lyon Mackenzie King
[[File:King George VI.jpg102x102px]]George VI
(1895–1952)11 December 19366 February 1952Albert Frederick Arthur GeorgeElizabeth Bowes-Lyon
Governors general: The Lord Tweedsmuir, the Earl of Athlone, the Viscount Alexander of Tunis
Prime ministers: William Lyon Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent
Territorial change:
[[File:Queen Elizabeth II in Coronation Robes.jpg95x95px]]Elizabeth II
(1926–2022)6 February 19528 September 2022Elizabeth Alexandra MaryPhilip Mountbatten
Governors general: Vincent Massey, Georges Vanier, Roland Michener, Jules Léger, Edward Schreyer, Jeanne Sauvé, Ray Hnatyshyn, Roméo LeBlanc, Adrienne Clarkson, Michaëlle Jean, David Johnston, Julie Payette, Mary Simon
Prime ministers: Louis St. Laurent, John Diefenbaker, Lester B. Pearson, Pierre Trudeau, Joe Clark, John Turner, Brian Mulroney, Kim Campbell, Jean Chrétien, Paul Martin, Stephen Harper, Justin Trudeau
[[File:Charles III parliamentary procession 2024 (cropped).jpg86x86px]]Charles III
(b. 1948)8 September 2022presentCharles Philip Arthur GeorgeCamilla Shand
Governor general: Mary Simon
Prime ministers: Justin Trudeau, Mark Carney

Consorts

The Canadian monarch's consort—his or her spouse—has no constitutional status or power, but is a member of the Canadian royal family. In the United Kingdom, all female consorts have had the right to and have held the title of queen consort; as Canada does not have laws or letters patent under the Great Seal of Canada laying out the styles of any royal family members besides the monarch, royal consorts are, as a courtesy, addressed in Canada using the style and title as they hold in the UK. After informal discussions among the various Commonwealth prime ministers between 1954 and 1957, it was decided that the Duke of Edinburgh, husband of Elizabeth II, would not be granted the title of prince consort.

Since Confederation, two sovereigns have reigned over Canada without a consort: Victoria, whose husband, Albert, died before Confederation, and Edward VIII, who married Wallis Simpson after his abdication.

Timeline of monarchs

ImageSize = width:1400 height:auto barincrement:25 PlotArea = top:30 bottom:90 right:130 left:3 AlignBars = late

Define $today =

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1480 till: TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal

Colors = id:French value:rgb(0,0.5,1) legend: French_Crown id:English value:rgb(0.9,0.4,0.4) legend: English/British_Crown id:Canada value:rgb(1,0,0) legend: Canadian_Crown id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) id:gray2 value:gray(0.9) id:grid value:gray(0.5)

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:50 start:1500 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:10 start:1480

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:60 columnwidth:230

TextData = pos:(20,65) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Crown:"

BarData = bar:HenryVII bar:HenryVIII bar:FrancisI bar:EdwardVI bar:HenryII bar:MaryI bar:PhilipII bar:ElizabethI bar:FrancisII bar:CharlesIX bar:HenryIII bar:HenryIV bar:JamesI bar:LouisXIII bar:CharlesI bar:LouisXIV bar:CharlesII bar:JamesII bar:MaryII bar:WilliamIII bar:Anne bar:GeorgeI bar:LouisXV bar:GeorgeII bar:GeorgeIII bar:GeorgeIV bar:WilliamIV bar:Victoria bar:EdwardVII bar:GeorgeV bar:EdwardVIII bar:GeorgeVI bar:ElizabethII bar:CharlesIII

PlotData= width:7 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till bar:HenryVII from:1497 till:1509 color:English text:"Henry VII" fontsize:9 bar:HenryVIII from:1509 till:1547 color:English text:"Henry VIII" fontsize:9 bar:FrancisI from: 1534 till: 1547 color:French text:"Francis I" fontsize:9 bar:EdwardVI from:1547 till:1553 color:English text:"Edward VI" fontsize:9 bar:HenryII from:1547 till:1559 color:French text:"Henry II" fontsize:9 bar:MaryI from:1553 till:1558 color:English text:"Mary I" fontsize:9 bar:PhilipII from:1554 till:1558 color:English text:"Philip II" fontsize:9 bar:ElizabethI from:1558 till:1603 color:English text:"Elizabeth I" fontsize:9 bar:FrancisII from:1559 till:1560 color:French text:"Francis II" fontsize:9 bar:CharlesIX from:1560 till:1574 color:French text:"Charles IX" fontsize:9 bar:HenryIII from:1574 till:1589 color:French text:"Henry III" fontsize:9 bar:HenryIV from:1589 till:1610 color:French text:"Henry IV" fontsize:9 bar:JamesI from:1603 till:1625 color:English text:"James I" fontsize:9 bar:LouisXIII from:1610 till:1643 color:French text:"Louis XIII" fontsize:9 bar:CharlesI from:1625 till:1649 color:English text:"Charles I" fontsize:9 bar:LouisXIV from:1643 till:1715 color:French text:"Louis XIV" fontsize:9 bar:CharlesII from:1660 till:1685 color:English text:"Charles II" fontsize:9 bar:JamesII from:1685 till:1688 color:English text:"James II" fontsize:9 bar:MaryII from:1689 till:1694 color:English text:"Mary II" fontsize:9 bar:WilliamIII from:1689 till:1702 color:English text:"William III" fontsize:9 bar:Anne from:1702 till:1714 color:English text:"Anne" fontsize:9 bar:GeorgeI from:1714 till:1727 color:English text:"George I" fontsize:9 bar:LouisXV from:1715 till:1763 color:French text:"Louis XV (last French king of Canada)" fontsize:9 bar:GeorgeII from:1727 till:1760 color:English text:"George II" fontsize:9 bar:GeorgeIII from:1760 till:1820 color:English text:"George III" fontsize:9 bar:GeorgeIV from:1820 till:1830 color:English text:"George IV" fontsize:9 bar:WilliamIV from:1830 till:1837 color:English text:"William IV" fontsize:9 bar:Victoria from: 1837 till: 1901 color:English text:"Victoria" fontsize:9 bar:EdwardVII from:1901 till:1910 color:English text:"Edward VII" fontsize:9 bar:GeorgeV from:1910 till: 1931 color:English from:1931 till: 1936 color:Canada text:"George V" fontsize:9 bar:EdwardVIII from:1936 till:1936 color:Canada text:"Edward VIII" fontsize:9 bar:GeorgeVI from:1936 till:1952 color:Canada text:"George VI" fontsize:9 bar:ElizabethII from:1952 till:2022 color:Canada text:"Elizabeth II" fontsize:9 bar:CharlesIII from:2022 till:end color:Canada text:"Charles III" fontsize:9

Notes

References

References

  1. MacLeod, Kevin S.. (2012). "A Crown of Maples". Queen's Printer for Canada.
  2. (1 June 2012). "Crown in Canada – The Monarch". Queen's Printer for Canada.
  3. Department of Canadian Heritage. "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > The Canadian Monarchy". Queen's Printer for Canada.
  4. Kenney, Jason. (23 April 2007). "Speeches > The Honourable Jason Kenney". Queen's Printer for Canada.
  5. Valpy, Michael. (13 November 2009). "The monarchy: Offshore, but built-in". The Globe and Mail.
  6. {{Harvnb. MacLeod. 2012
  7. Monet, Jacques. "Governor General". Historica Canada.
  8. The Royal Household. "The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and Canada > History and present government". Queen's Printer.
  9. Coyne, Andrew. (13 November 2009). "Defending the royals". Roger's Communications.
  10. Editorial. (26 May 2012). "Celebrating the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada". Toronto Star.
  11. Government of Canada. (24 September 2014). "The Royal Family". The Queen's Printer for Canada.
  12. link. "Discover Canada – Canada's History". Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. (1 July 2012). Government of Canada
  13. link. "John Cabot". Historica Canada. (1 July 2008). The Canadian Encyclopedia
  14. "The First Voyages of the Europeans". University of Ottawa.
  15. Croxton, Derek. (1990). "The Cabot Dilemma: John Cabot's 1497 Voyage & the Limits of Historiography". Canada History.
  16. link. "John Cabot's Voyage of 1497". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. (1997). Memorial University of Newfoundland
  17. Harper, Stephen. (2008). "A Crown of Maples". Queen's Printer for Canada.
  18. "The Sovereigns of Canada". Canadian Royal Heritage Trust.
  19. (18 June 2013). "Origin of the Name - Canada". Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
  20. Robertson, Colin. (February 2008). "The true white north: reflections on being Canadian". Institute for Research on Public Policy.
  21. Parliament of Canada. "Canada: A Constitutional Monarchy". Queen's Printer for Canada.
  22. MacLeod. 2012
  23. Monet, Jacques. (2007). "Crown and Country". Monarchist League of Canada.
  24. {{Harvnb. MacLeod. 2012
  25. link. "Queen and Canada". The British Monarchy
  26. (2004). "The Monarchy and Canadian Independence". Canadian Royal Heritage Trust.
  27. "The Sovereigns of Canada". Canadian Royal Heritage Trust.
  28. {{Harvnb. MacLeod. 2012
  29. "Sovereigns Who have Reigned Over Canada". Historica Canada.
  30. Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. (22 August 2013). "Kings and Queens of Canada". Queen's Printer for Ontario.
  31. Heritage Canada. (2013). "The Kings and Queens of Canada". Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
  32. "Canada's Constitutional Monarchy". Dundurn. Tidridge, Nathan. (2011)
  33. "Canada's Monarchy throughout History".
  34. The Canadian Encyclopedia. (22 September 2013). "Confederation".
  35. Department of Canadian Heritage. "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > The crown in Canada". Queen's Printer for Canada.
  36. "Constitutional History, 1867 – 1931: Becoming a Nation".
  37. Royal Household. "The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and Canada > History and present government". Queen's Printer.
  38. Heard, Andrew. (1990). "Canadian Independence". Simon Fraser University.
  39. "Constitutional History, 1931 – 1982: Toward Renewal and Patriation". Canadiana.
  40. the Canadian Crown has been legally distinct from those of the other [[Commonwealth realm]]s, with its own separate and distinct monarch.{{#tag:ref. The [[Court of Appeal of England and Wales. English Court of Appeal]] ruled in 1982, while "there is only one person who is the Sovereign within the British Commonwealth... in matters of law and government the Queen of the United Kingdom, for example, is entirely independent and distinct from the Queen of Canada."{{cite court. (June 1999). link
  41. Galbraith, William. (1989). "Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit". Library of Parliament.
  42. (2008). "Minnesota on the Map: A Historical Atlas". Minnesota Historical Society Press.
  43. {{London Gazette. (17 July 1917)
  44. "Burke's Peerage and Gentry > The Royal Family > HRH The Duke of Edinburgh". Burke's Peerage & Gentry and The Origins Network.
  45. LCO 6/3677 Title of Prince: HRH Philip Duke of Edinburgh
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

monarchy-of-canada lists-of-monarchs lists-of-queens heads-of-state-of-canada
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about List of Canadian monarchs — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report