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List of Augustae

Roman imperial honorific title given to empresses

Summary

Roman imperial honorific title given to empresses

Augusta (; plural ; ) was a Roman imperial honorific title given to empresses and women of the imperial families. It was the feminine form of Augustus. In the third century, could also receive the titles of ("Mother of the Senate"), ("Mother of the Camp"), and ("Mother of the Fatherland").

The title implied the greatest prestige. could issue their own coinage, wear imperial regalia, and rule their own courts.

Agrippina, the wife of Claudius, was the first living wife of the emperor in Roman history to receive the title of , a position she held for the rest of her life, ruling with her husband and son.

In the third century, Julia Domna was the first empress to receive the combined title after the death of her husband Septimius Severus, which may have implied greater powers being vested in her than was usual for a Roman empress mother. In this official position and honor, she accompanied her son on an extensive military campaign and provincial tour.

Principate period

Main article: Principate

Julio-Claudian dynasty

Main article: Julio-Claudian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:Livia Drusilla, wife of Emperor Augustus, from Fayum (Egypt), copy from AD 4 or later after original from 27-23 BC, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen (12949093165).jpg	100px]]	Livia
30 January 58 BC	AD 14	Wife of Emperor Augustus and mother of Emperor Tiberius.	28 September AD 29
[[File:Antonia minor pushkin.jpg	100px]]	Antonia Minor
31 January 36 BC
Athens	AD 41
(posthumous)	Mother of Emperor Claudius.	AD 37
Rome
[[File:Agrippina Minor Landesmuseum Württemberg.jpg	100px]]	Agrippina the Younger
7 November AD 15
Oppidum Ubiorum	AD 50	Wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero	23 March AD 59
Misenum
[[File:Female portrait Louvre Ma1269.jpg	100px]]	Poppaea Sabina
AD 30
Pompeii	AD 63	Wife of Emperor Nero.	AD 65
Rome
[[File:Claudia Augusta, cropped.jpg	100px]]	Claudia Augusta
21 January AD 63
Antium	AD 63	Daughter of Emperor Nero.	April AD 63

Flavian dynasty

Main article: Flavian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:Flavia Domitilla cropped.jpg	117x117px]]	Domitilla the Younger
45	Before 80	Daughter of Emperor Vespasian.	66
[[File:The Empress Domitia Longina, wife of Domitian, from Rome, c. AD 110, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen (12949187503).jpg	151x151px]]	Domitia Longina
50	80	Wife of Emperor Domitian.	After 120

Nerva–Antonine dynasty

Main article: Nerva–Antonine dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:MNRPalMassimo-Plotina1.jpg	100px]]	Pompeia Plotina
54–68	105	Wife of Emperor Trajan.	123
[[File:Ulpia Marciana Met 20.200 n02.jpg	100px]]	Ulpia Marciana
48	105	Sister of Emperor Trajan.	112–114
[[File:Matidie 01.JPG	100px]]	Salonia Matidia
4 July 68	112	Niece of Emperor Trajan.	23 December 119
[[File:Busto de Vibia Sabina (M. Prado) 01.jpg	100px]]	Vibia Sabina
13 August 83	128	Wife of Emperor Hadrian.	136–137
[[File:Faustina02 pushkin.jpg	100px]]	Faustina the Elder
21 September 100	138	Wife of Emperor Antoninus Pius.	140
[[File:Faustina Minor Louvre Ma1144.jpg	100px]]	Faustina the Younger
125–130	1 December 147	Daughter of Emperor Antoninus Pius; wife of Emperor Marcus Aurelius; mother of Emperor Commodus.	175
[[File:Portrait of Lucilla, daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustia, portrayed after her marriage with Lucius Verus and the birth of her first son, 165-166 AD, Centrale Montemartini, Rome (22127998092).jpg	100px]]	Lucilla
148–150	164	Daughter of Emperor Marcus Aurelius and wife of Emperor Lucius Verus.	182
[[File:Tête de Crispine.jpg	100px]]	Bruttia Crispina
164
Rome	177	Wife of Emperor Commodus.	191
Capri

Year of the Five Emperors

Main article: Year of the Five Emperors

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:Aureus of Manlia Scantilla (obverse).jpg	100x100px]]	Manlia Scantilla
	193	Wife of Emperor Didius Julianus.	193
[[File:Denier à l'effigie de Didia Clara crop.jpg	100x100px]]	Didia Clara
153
Rome	193	Daughter of Emperor Didius Julianus.	Unknown

Severan dynasty

Main article: Severan dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:Julia Domna Glyptothek Munich 354.jpg	100px]]	Julia Domna
		Wife of Emperor Septimius Severus.	217
[[File:PlautillaProvIgnota-MNRPalMassimo1.JPG	133x133px]]	Fulvia Plautilla
185—189	210s	Wife of Emperor Caracalla.	212
[[File:Julia Cornelia Paula - Palazzo Nuovo - Musei Capitolini - Rome 2016.jpg	145x145px]]	Julia Cornelia Paula
	219	First wife of Emperor Elagabalus.
[[File:Roman Era Bronze Statue of Empress Julia Severus (Julia Domna), Found at Sparta, 221-222 AD (28392286512).jpg	135x135px]]	Aquilia Severa
	220	Second and fourth wife of Emperor Elagabalus. As a Vestal Virgin her marriage to the Emperor was very controversial.
[[File:RGM060.jpg	145x145px]]	Julia Avita Mamaea
180	222	Mother of Emperor Alexander Severus and co-regent, in his name, during his adolescence.	235
[[File:Sallustia Orbiana Louvre Ma1054.jpg	122x122px]]	Sallustia Orbiana
	225	Wife of Emperor Alexander Severus.

Crisis of the Third Century

Main article: Crisis of the Third Century

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description	Death
[[File:Sabinia Tranquillina Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN1572.jpg	125x125px]]	Tranquillina
c. 225	241	Wife of Emperor Gordian III.	After 244
[[File:Otacilia Severa Musei Capitolini MC2765.jpg	100px]]	Marcia Otacilia Severa
	240s	Wife of the Emperor Philip the Arab.
[[File:Etruscilla crop.png	142x142px]]	Herennia Etruscilla
Unknown	September 249	Wife of Emperor Trajan Decius; mother of Emperor Herennius Etruscus and Emperor Hostilian.	253
[[File:Cornelia Supera coin.png	100x100px]]	Cornelia Supera
	253	Wife of Aemilianus.
[[File:Salonina crop.png	147x147px]]	Cornelia Salonina
Unknown	253	Wife of Emperor Gallienus.	268
[[File:Sulpicia_Dryantilla.jpg	100px]]	Sulpicia Dryantilla
	c. 260	Wife of usurper Emperor Regalianus, who named her as part of legitimizing his claim.	260
[[File:Victria-TyranTrig.jpg	100px]]	Victoria		271	Mother of Victorinus	271
[[File:Antoninianus of Zenobia (obverse).png	102x102px]]	Zenobia
240	272	Queen of the Palmyrene Empire, a short lived splinter empire that revolted during the Crisis. She proclaimed herself and annexed the Eastern Mediterranean from Rome.	c. 275
[[File:Severina Ant.jpg	100px]]	Ulpia Severina
	274	Wife of Emperor Aurelian; possibly reigned in her own right after the death of her husband in 275.
[[File:Solidus of Magnia Urbica.png	100x100px]]	Magnia Urbica
	283	Wife of Emperor Carinus.

Dominate period

Main article: Dominate

Tetrarchy

Main article: Tetrarchy

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description	Death
[[File:Follis of Galeria Valeria - Cropped.jpg	100px]]	Galeria Valeria
	308	Daughter of Emperor Diocletian and wife of Emperor Galerius.	315

Constantinian dynasty

Main article: Constantinian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:Follis of Fausta (obverse).png	100x100px]]	Fausta
289	324	Wife of Constantine I and daughter of Emperor Maximian. Mother of: Constantina, Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans I and Helena.	326
[[File:Elena Colosseo Rome Italy (head).jpg	140x140px]]	Helena
246—250	c.324–325	Mother of Constantine I and ex-wife or mistress of Emperor Constantius Chlorus (separated before his accession as Caesar).	18 August 330
[[File:Excideuil église vitrail choeur (7).JPG	100px]]	Constantina
307—317	After 312, before 337.	Daughter of Emperor Constantine I. Wife of Hannibalianus, Rex Regum et Ponticarum Gentium, "King of Kings and of the Pontic People". Wife of Caesar Constantius Gallus.	354

Valentinianic dynasty

Main article: Valentinianic dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:Galla Placidia coin2.png	100x100px]]	Galla Placidia
392	c. 416	Daughter of Theodosius I, wife of Constantius III, regent for her son Valentinian III.	27 November 450
[[File:Justa Grata Honoria solidus (obverse).png	100x100px]]	Justa Grata Honoria
	After 426	Sister of Valentinian III.

Theodosian dynasty

Main article: Theodosian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:Bust of Aelia Flaccilla (cropped).jpg	150x150px]]	Aelia Flaccilla
	Before 385	Wife of Emperor Theodosius I.	386
[[File:Aelia Eudoxia solidus (obverse).png	100x100px]]	Eudoxia
	9 January 400	Wife of Emperor Arcadius.	6 October 404
[[File:Pulcheria coin.png	100x100px]]	Pulcheria
19 January 398–399	414	Daughter of Arcadius, sister of Theodosius II, and then wife of Marcian.	July 453
[[File:Hagia Eudokia (cropped).jpg	135x135px]]	Eudocia
401	2 January 423	Wife of Theodosius II	20 October 460
[[File:Licinia Eudoxia solidus (obverse).jpg	100x100px]]	Licinia Eudoxia
422	439	Daughter of Theodosius II, Wife of Valentinian III.	462

Leonid dynasty

Main article: Leonid dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming
[[File:Empress Aelia Euphemia coin (cropped).png	100x100px]]	Marcia Euphemia
	c. 453	Daughter of Marcian by an unknown woman. Wife of Anthemius.	472
[[File:Empress Verina coin (cropped).png	100x100px]]	Verina
	457	Wife of Leo I, sister of Basiliscus, mother of Ariadne and Leontia.	484
[[File:KHM Wien Kaiserin Ariadne X 39 detail.jpg	100px]]	Ariadne
before 457	474	Daughter of Leo I. Wife of Zeno. Mother of Leo II. Wife of Anastasius I.	515
[[File:Empress Zenonis coin (cropped).png	99x99px]]	Zenonis
	475	Wife of Basiliscus.	476–477

Byzantine period

Main article: History of the Byzantine Empire

Justinian dynasty

Main article: Justinian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description
[[File:Idealized head of Euphemia.png	133x133px]]	Euphemia
Εὐφημία,
Euphemia Augusta		518	Wife of Justin I. Originally named Lupicina, renamed Euphemia on her husband's accession.	c.523/4, before 527.
[[File:Empress Theodora mosaic detail (cropped).png	131x131px]]	Theodora I
Θεοδώρα,
Theodora Augusta	c. 500	9 August 527	Wife of Justinian I.	28 June 548
[[File:Follis of Justin II & Sophia (obverse).jpg	frameless	104x104px]]	Sophia
Σοφία,
Aelia Sophia Augusta		568	Wife of Justin II, intermittent regent.	c. 601
[[File:Tiberius II Constantine and Anastasia.png	frameless	119x119px]]	Ino Anastasia
Ἰνὼ Ἀναστασία,
Aelia Anastasia Augusta		578	Wife of Emperor Tiberius II.	593
[[File:Maurice follis with Constantina and Theodosius (reverse).jpg	100x100px]]	Constantina
Κωνσταντῖνα	c. 560	582	Wife of Emperor Maurice.	c. 605
[[File:Phocas (left) and Leontia (right) coin.png	100x100px]]	Leontia
Λεοντία		602	Wife of Emperor Phocas.

Heraclian dynasty

Main article: Heraclian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description
	Fabia Eudokia,
Εύδοκία		5 October 610	First wife of Heraclius.	13 August 612
	Augustina,
Αὐγουστίνα		639	Daughter of Heraclius.
[[File:Empress Martina, Naples, Biblioteca Vittorio Emanuele III, I B 18.jpeg	133x133px]]	Martina
Μαρτίνα		639	Second wife of Heraclius, regent of Constantine III and Heraclonas
	Fausta
Φαύστα		642	Wife of Constans II.	After 668

Isaurian dynasty

Main article: Isaurian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description
	Maria
Μαρία		25 August 718	Wife of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian.
	Anna
Ἄννα		741–742	Wife of Artabasdos.
	Eudokia
Ευδοκια		1 April 769	Third wife of Emperor Constantine V.
[[File:Solidus of Irene.png	120x120px]]	Irene of Athens
Eἰρήνη η Ἀθηναία		17 December 769	Wife of Emperor Leo IV the Khazar, empress dowager and regent from 780 to 797.	9 August 803

Nikephorian dynasty

Main article: Nikephorian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description	Death
	Prokopia
Προκοπία		12 October 811	Daughter of Emperor Nikephoros I and wife of Michael I Rhangabe.	After 813

Amorian dynasty

Main article: Amorian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description
[[File:Theodora in the Madrid Skylitzes2 (cropped).png	130x130px]]	Theodora II
the Armenian
Θεοδώρα		830	Wife of Emperor Theophilos and regent of Michael III.	After 867
[[File:MadridSkylitzesDaughtersOfTheodoraFol44v (Thekla copped).jpg	123x123px]]	Thekla
Θέκλα		830s	Daughter of Theophilos.
[[File:MadridSkylitzesDaughtersOfTheodoraFol44v.jpg	100px]]	Anna
Ἄννα		830s	Daughter of Emperor Theophilos.
Anastasia
Ἀναστασία		830s	Daughter of Emperor Theophilos.

Macedonian dynasty

Main article: Macedonian dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description	Death
	Zoe Zaoutzaina
Ζωή Ζαούτζαινα		898	Third wife of Leo VI the Wise	May 899
	Theodora
Θεοδώρα		921	Wife of Romanos I.	20 February 922
[[File:Helena Lekapene (Madrid Skylitzes).png	137x137px]]	Helena Lekapene
Ἑλένη Λεκαπηνή		February 922	Wife of Constantine VII.	19 September 961
	Sophia
Σοφία		February 922	Wife of Christopher Lekapenos.
	Anna
Ἄννα		933	Daughter of Gabalas and wife of Stephen Lekapenos.
[[File:Theophano crop.png]]	Theophano	c. 941	c. 956	Wife of Romanos II and Nikephoros II Phokas	a. 978
[[File:Zoe mosaic Hagia Sophia.jpg	147x147px]]	Zoe Porphyrogenita	c. 978	1028	Daughter of Constantine VIII	1050
[[File:Theodora Porphyrogenita crown-2.jpg	171x171px]]	Theodora Porphyrogenita	c. 980	1042	Daughter of Constantine VII	1056

Komnenos dynasty

Main article: Komnenid dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description	Death
	Catherine of Bulgaria
Αἰκατερίνη	before 1018	1057	Empress-consort of Emperor Isaac I Komnenos.	after 1059

Doukid dynasty

Main article: Doukid dynasty

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description	Death
[[File:Eudokia Makrembolitissa portrait (2).jpg	149x149px]]	Eudokia Makrembolitissa
Ευδοκία Μακρεμβολίτισσα		1059–1067	Second wife of Constantine X Doukas and later wife of Romanos IV Diogenes, also regent of Michael VII Doukas	1096

Palaiologos dynasty

Main article: Palaiologos

Portrait	Name	Birth	Date of naming	Description
[[File:Anna of Savoy.jpg	155x155px]]	Anna of Savoy
Ἄννα	1306		Wife of Andronikos III Palaiologos, mother and regent of John V Palaiologos.	1365
[[File:Helena Dragas crop.png	129x129px]]	Helena Dragaš
Ἑλένη Δραγάση	1372		Wife of Manuel II Palaiologos.	1450

References

Citations

Sources

References

{{harvnb. Langford. 2013. Bédoyère. 2018
Barbara Levick. (2014). "Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age". Oxford University Press.
{{harvnb. Société française de numismatique et d'archéologie. 1873

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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