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List of assassinated American politicians

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Summary

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Assassinations carried out against American politicians occurred as early as the 19th century, the earliest of which is believed to have been carried out against David Ramsay in 1815. Since then, several American politicians have been assassinated while being elected or appointed to office, or were candidates for public office. Out of these, four were president of the United States, the earliest of which being Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and the most recent being John F. Kennedy in 1963.

Federal offices

Presidents of the United States

Politician	Portrait	Party	Year	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:Abraham Lincoln O-77 matte collodion print.jpg	128x128px]]	Republican		Ford's Theatre, Washington, D.C.	John Wilkes Booth	Revenge for the defeat of the Confederate States of America
[[File:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg	100px]]	Republican		Washington, D.C.	Charles J. Guiteau	Retribution for perceived failure to reward campaign support
[[File:Mckinley.jpg	124x124px]]	Republican		Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York	Leon Czolgosz	To advance anarchism
[[File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg	100px]]	Democratic	November 22, 1963	Dallas, Texas	Lee Harvey Oswald	Unknown

Members of the United States Congress

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive
	Democratic	December 28, 1835	Former U.S. representative from Georgia (at-large)	Ocala, Florida	Osceola and around 60 warriors	Opposition to Indian removal from Florida
Thompson became the Superintendent of Seminole Removal a year after leaving Congress. Thompson headed to Fort King to continue his pressure campaign to have the Seminoles removed, but he and Lieutenant Constantine Smith were ambushed by Osceola and approximately 60 of his warriors as they arrived. The Seminoles shot and killed Thompson before scalping him.
[[File:RobertPotterNC.jpg	133x133px]]	Democratic	March 2, 1842	Former U.S. representative from North Carolina's 6th district	Harrison County, Republic of Texas	William Pinckney Rose and a group of Regulators	Potter's role as a Moderator
	Whig	November 8, 1861	Former U.S. representative from Tennessee's 3rd district	Bledsoe County, Tennessee	Unknown Unionists	Having made a secession speech
Delegate to the 1861 peace convention in Washington, D.C. Stabbed to death after giving a speech in favor of secession.
[[File:Hindman, Thomas Carmichael, 1828-1868-full.jpg	100px]]	Democratic		Former U.S. representative from Arkansas's 1st district	Helena, Arkansas	Unknown assailants	Disputed motive
Hindman was in his sitting room with his family when a man shot him with a musket through the open window. The Republican Party was accused of assassinating him, but its members suggested non-political motives for the killing.
[[File:James M. Hinds (cropped).jpg	100px]]	Republican	October 22, 1868	U.S. representative from Arkansas's 2nd district	Monroe County, Arkansas	George W. Clark	Hinds' support for Reconstruction policies
Hinds was shot alongside Reverend James Brooks while they were campaigning for Ulysses S. Grant in the heavily-Democratic Monroe County. Clark caught up to the men on horseback shortly after giving them directions, shooting both men with a shotgun before fleeing. Brooks rode to town for help with minor injuries while Hinds laid mortally wounded. Hinds was taken to a doctor but died shortly after. Clark was not prosecuted for the killing.
[[File:Hon. Thomas Haughey, Ala. Surgeon, U.S. Army (4266906704).jpg	118x118px]]	Republican		Former U.S. representative from Alabama's 6th district	Courtland, Alabama	Collins (first name unknown)	Assassin supported Haughey's opponent
Haughey was campaigning for reelection at a courthouse. He got in an argument and then a fistfight with Collins, a supporter of his opponent, who then shot Haughey with a revolver. Haughey died five days later. Collins was broken out of jail and never found.
[[File:Edward Dexter Holbrook (Idaho Congressman).png	100px]]	Democratic		Former Congressional delegate from the Idaho Territory's at-large district	Idaho City, Idaho	Charles Douglass	Argument
After Holbrook called Douglass—a fellow Democrat—"a liar, a coward, and an assassin", Douglass confronted Holbrook in front of the latter's law office. They spoke before drawing revolvers and shot at one another. Holbrook died from his injuries the next day. Douglass was acquitted for manslaughter.
[[File:JosFChaves.jpg	100px]]	Republican	November 26, 1904	Former Congressional delegate from the New Mexico Territory's at-large district	Pinos Wells, New Mexico	Unknown assailant	Unknown motive
Chaves was dining at a friend's home when a man shot at him through a window.
[[File:John McPherson Pinckney.jpg	100px]]	Democratic	April 24, 1905	U.S. representative from Texas's 8th district	Hempstead, Texas	J. N. Brown	Pinckney's support for Prohibitionism
Pinckney was speaking during a Prohibition League event when a protestor, J. N. Brown, fired his pistol at the prohibitionists. A 30-second gunfight broke out between the groups. Pinckney died trying to stop the fight and his brother died trying to pull him back. Brown and Prohibition League leader John Mills were also killed. Brown's son was also shooting, and he was charged as an accomplice but acquitted.
[[File:HueyPLongGesture.jpg	109x109px]]	Democratic			Baton Rouge, Louisiana	Carl Weiss	Disputed motive
[[File:Robert F Kennedy cropped.jpg	124x124px]]	Democratic			Los Angeles, California	Sirhan Sirhan	Revenge for Kennedy's support for Israel during the Six-Day War
[[File:Leo Ryan.jpg	100px]]	Democratic	November 18, 1978	U.S. representative from California's 11th district	Port Kaituma, Guyana	Members of the People's Temple	Ryan's investigation of Jonestown
Ryan went to Guyana to investigate allegations of abuse in the Jonestown settlement of the Peoples Temple movement, and he examined the facility. He learned that several members wanted to leave and brought them to the airport as he left. Members of the Peoples Temple ambushed his delegation before he boarded, killing Ryan and four others. Peoples Temple leader Jim Jones had all of his followers commit mass suicide the same day. The ambush's leader Larry Layton was acquitted in Guyana but extradited and found guilty in the U.S.
[[File:Allard K. Lowenstein.jpg	100px]]	Democratic	March 14, 1980	Former U.S. representative from New York's 5th district	New York City, New York	Dennis Sweeney	Schizophrenia-induced belief that Lowenstein was the leader of an international Jewish conspiracy
Sweeney was a student and political ally of Lowenstein. Believing that Lowenstein led a conspiracy targeting him, Sweeney entered Lowenstein's office and shot him with a pistol. Sweeney then waited in the office for the police to arrest him. He was found not guilty by reason of insanity.

Federal judges

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin
		May 29, 1979	Judge of the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas	San Antonio, Texas	Charles Harrelson	Contract killing ordered by Jamiel Chagra as he was set to be tried by Wood
As a judge, Wood had a reputation for giving severe sentences in drug-related cases. Drug trafficker Jamiel Chagra was set to be tried by Wood, so he hired contract killer Charles Harrelson to kill the judge. On his way to the court, Wood was shot by Harrelson in the back with a rifle, killing him instantly. The Federal Bureau of Investigation launched a sprawling investigation, and it identified Harrelson as a suspect a few years later. Harrelson and other co-conspirators were indicted in 1982 and found guilty.
		May 21, 1988	Judge of the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York	Pelham, New York	Charles Koster	Assailant was the father of a plaintiff whose harassment suit was dismissed by Daronco
Daronco presided over a discrimination and sexual harassment case in 1988, in which Carolee Koster was suing Chase Bank and her boss Allan Ross after she was fired. Carolee and her father Charles dedicated years of their lives and most of their savings to the case. Charles had to be removed from the courtroom during the case because of his emotional investment in the case, and Daronco ruled against Carolee on May 19. Two days later, Daronco was gardening in his yard when Charles arrived and shot him. Daronco made it into his home before dying from his wounds. Charles followed him in and then shot himself. Carolee later said she regretted not settling out of court.
	Democratic	December 16, 1989	Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit	Mountain Brook, Alabama	Walter Moody	Killed after the court refused to expunge a previous conviction for explosives possession from the assailant's record
Vance was targeted by Moody because he was a member of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. Moody had been convicted of possessing an explosive in 1972 and blamed the court for his failure to get the conviction overturned. Moody mailed a pipe bomb to Vance on December 14. Vance received it two days later and opened the package at his kitchen table. It exploded, killing him instantly and seriously injuring his wife. Moody was indicted after the FBI determined the bomb was identical to Moody's previous explosive, and he was sentenced to life in prison for the killing.

State offices

Governors

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:CharlesBent-cropped.jpg	100px]]	Independent	January 19, 1847	Governor of the New Mexico Territory	Taos, New Mexico	Tomás Romero; Pablo Montoya	Part of the Taos Revolt; opposition to American presence in New Mexico
Bent was appointed governor of the New Mexico Territory, which was part of Mexico until it was occupied by the United States. Several Hispanic and Native American residents of Taos and the nearby settlement Taos Pueblo attacked Bent in his home. He refused to act in his own defense, believing the assailants to be his friends. They shot him with arrows in the face and stomach, slashed his hands and wrists, shot him with firearms after he tried to escape outside, and scalped him. This was followed by a series of attacks over the following weeks, the Taos Revolt. Some of the assailants were hanged for the killings. Bent was succeeded by Donaciano Vigil.
[[File:Edwin Stanton McCook photograph.JPG	100px]]	Republican	September 11, 1873	Acting governor of the Dakota Territory	Yankton, Dakota Territory	Peter Wintermute	Argument
McCook was the Secretary of the Dakota Territory and served as acting governor. In March 1873, he got into an argument with banker Peter Wintermute about the reappointment of Governor John A. Burbank. The men then encountered each other in September during a meeting about the Dakota Southern Railroad where they argued again. Wintermute insulted McCook and suggested shooting him, so McCook beat Wintermute. Wintermute left and returned to the meeting three times. McCook was present the third time, and Wintermute shot him in the chest with a pistol. He beat Wintermute again while bleeding out. McCook was then taken to his hotel where he died the next morning. Eyewitness accounts varied significantly, causing enough doubt that Wintermute was acquitted.
[[File:William Goebel circa 1889.jpg	100px]]	Democratic		Governor of Kentucky	Frankfort, Kentucky	Unknown assailant	Unknown motive
Goebel lost the 1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election but challenged it as fraudulent. He arrived at the Old State Capitol on January 30, 1900, to hear a committee's findings on election fraud. As Goebel approached the building, he was shot in the chest with a rifle. Goebel was brought back to his hotel. The committee determined that the election had been fraudulent and declared him the winner, which Democratic legislators voted to affirm on January 31. He was sworn in as governor on his deathbed the same night. Goebel died on February 3, and party leaders negotiated an agreement on February 6 in which Goebel was recognized as the winner and his running mate Lieutenant Governor J. C. W. Beckham succeeded him. The assassin was never identified.
[[File:Franksteunenberg.jpg	100px]]	Democratic	December 30, 1905	Former Governor of Idaho	Caldwell, Idaho	Albert Horsley	Opposition to Steunenberg's labor policy
Steunenberg was killed by a bomb planted on his front gate by miner Albert Horsley on December 30, 1905. Steunenberg had been elected governor of Idaho in 1896 but became unpopular with the mining union and chose not to run for reelection in 1900. The bomb exploded when Steunenberg opened the gate, and he died shortly after. Horsley was arrested, having already been involved with a previous bombing. He confessed and implicated three leaders of the Western Federation of Miners. They were arrested but not convicted of any charges.

State legislators

Politician	Portrait	Party	Year	Office	Location	Assassin	Suspected motive
[[File:John Adam Treutlen.jpg	130x130px]]	Non-partisan	1782		Savannah, Georgia (disputed)	Disputed	Disputed
Some accounts allege Treulten's home was attacked by a group of men (possibly British) who set his home on fire after he refused to come outside. After fleeing his burning home with his family, Treulten was singled out and killed. Another theory is that Treulten was captured and killed by British forces in South Carolina amidst the ongoing American Revolutionary War.
[[File:David Ramsay (1749-1815).jpg	100px]]			Former president of the South Carolina Senate	Charleston, South Carolina	William Linnen	Assailant retaliated after Ramsay deemed him insane
Ramsay had been asked to evaluate Linnen's mental state and determined him insane, sending him to prison. Linnen was eventually released and made threats against Ramsay, who did not take them seriously. On May 6, 1815, Linnen walked past Ramsay holding a handkerchief. He then turned around, drew a pistol from beneath it, and shot Ramsay three times in the back. Ramsay was brought to his home where he insisted that Linnen was not in control of his actions and should not be considered guilty. He died two days later.
[[File:Charles C. P. Arndt.jpg	130x130px]]	Whig	February 11, 1842	Member of the Council of the Wisconsin Territory	Madison, Wisconsin	James Russell Vineyard	Argument
Arndt was in the Wisconsin Territory council chamber when he engaged in a fight with Vineyard, a fellow councilman. The two were friends despite being political opponents, but they fell into a heated argument over the nomination of a Grant County sheriff. Vineyard called Arndt a liar and it appeared they were going to fight, so the presiding officer ordered that they separate. Vineyard confronted Arndt again when the meeting adjourned, and Arndt struck Vineyard. Vineyard responded by drawing a pistol and shooting Arndt in the chest. Arndt died within minutes. Vineyard was arrested and resigned from his seat, but the council rejected his resignation so it could expel him. He was acquitted of manslaughter, prompting outrage from his opponents and accusations of corruption.
[[File:A Child of the Sea - James Jesse Strang, the Mormon King.png	100px]]	Democratic		Member of the Michigan House of Representatives	Beaver Island, Michigan	Hezekiah McCulloch, Thomas Bedford, and Alexander Wentworth	Opposition to Strang's religious leadership
Strang was the leader of his own sect of Mormonism, proclaiming himself its king. Three men who opposed Strang, each for their own reasons, formed a plot to kill him. They were led by McCulloch, a former friend of Strang's. They allied with Captain Charles H. McBlair of , who docked at Beaver Island and summoned Strang to board the ship. When Strang prepared to board, Bedford and Wentworth emerged from behind stacks of cordwood and shot Strang twice in the back of the head. After he fell to the ground, they shot him once in the back and struck him in the face with their guns. They fled to Mackinac County aboard USS Michigan with McCulloch and their respective families. Here their actions were celebrated. They were taken to jail, but the doors were left unlocked so they could leave and no further investigation occurred. Strang died from his wounds weeks later, and the Mormon community of Beaver Island was forcibly displaced.
[[File:Thomas Johnson 1802 1865 Kansas USA.png	134x134px]]		January 2, 1865	Former member of the Kansas Territorial Legislature	Kansas City, Missouri	Disputed	Disputed
A group of men approached Johnson's home after midnight under the guise of asking for directions. The men tried to force their way into Johnson's home and in the process shot him in abdomen, killing him. Johnson had attempted to bring slavery to Kansas, but at the start of the American Civil War had moved to Missouri and declared his support for the Union. Johnson's killing remains unsolved with pro-Union assassins, pro-succession assassins, or a simple botched robbery being proposed for the reason he was killed.
	Republican	January 11, 1867	Member of the Tennessee Senate	Obion County, Tennessee	Frank Farris	Attacks on Republicans
Case was shot and killed outside his home by Farris due to Case's pro-Union stance. Case's son had been shot and killed a year earlier in an attempted assassination.
	Republican	June 4, 1868	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives	Kershaw County, South Carolina	Unknown	Attacks on Republicans
Dill was at home with his wife, Rebecca, and a freedman named Nestor Ellison who he had befriended. Assailants fired into the home, killing Dill and Ellison and wounding his wife.
	Republican	October 5, 1868	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives	Abbeville County, South Carolina	Ku Klux Klan (alleged)	Attacks on Republicans
Martin was returning home from the Abbeville Court House on a mule and a wagon full of whiskey and was accompanied by three black men. The group was overtaken by a group of armed men on horseback and they demanded that they surrender and hand over the whiskey in order to not be hurt. The group surrendered, but the men began to pursue Martin who began to run before he was shot and left to bleed out in a ditch. The men drank some whiskey before pouring the rest out and fleeing. Martin's pocket book was also stolen. It is believed he was killed due to his appeals to black voters.
[[File:Benjamin F. Randolph (cropped).png	100px]]	Republican	October 16, 1868	Member of the South Carolina Senate	Hodges, South Carolina	Ku Klux Klan (alleged)	Attacks on Republicans
Randolph was a black senator who was killed after arriving at Hodges Station by train. The Ku Klux Klan was allegedly responsible for the assassination.
	Republican	May 10, 1869	Member of the Georgia State Senate	Dearing, Georgia	Ellis Adams (Ku Klux Klan)	Attacks on Republicans
Adkins was a politician who supported civil rights for African Americans, becoming an enemy of the Klan shortly after they had murdered George Ashburn. Arrived at Dearing railroad depot on his return from Washington, D.C., where he had been leader of a delegation to counter Klan violence and request military support. Adkins was intercepted by a mob who stole his horse and buggy, shot and left him for dead. He was discovered by his wife and daughter, who attempted to transport him home; however, he died enroute. Adkins had previously reported Ellis Adams for various crimes.
	Republican	May 21, 1870	Member of the North Carolina Senate	Yanceyville, North Carolina	Caswell County chapter of the Ku Klux Klan	Attacks on Republicans
Stephens sat in on a Conservative meeting where he was received with hostility over his support for Reconstruction. He was allowed to sit, but he was accused of being a spy for the Republicans. Former county sheriff Frank Wiley spoke to Stephens, and the two went into the courthouse's basement where he was ambushed and killed by the Ku Klux Klan. A search party was formed that evening when he did not return home, and his body was found by his brother the following morning. In response to Stephens' killing and other Ku Klux Klan activities, Governor William Woods Holden declared martial law to combat the group, triggering the Kirk–Holden war. John Lea, the leader of Caswell County's Ku Klux Klan chapter at the time, confessed to orchestrating Stephens' assassination in 1919.
		August 1870	Member of the Alabama House of Representatives	Sumter County, Alabama	Ku Klux Klan	Attempting to organize meetings of African Americans
Burke was shot and killed near his home by Ku Klux Klan members for his work attempting to organize meetings among African Americans.
[[File:Wade Perrin.jpg	118x118px]]	Republican	October 20, 1870	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives	Joanna, South Carolina	Ku Klux Klan	Racism
	Republican	1873	Former member of the Texas House of Representatives		Ku Klux Klan (alleged)	Dupree's campaigning for Edmund J. Davis' re-election (alleged)
Dupree was killed sometime in 1873 by a group of white men. While not much is known about the circumstances, the men were believed to have been part of the Ku Klux Klan and had killed him due to Dupree's campaigning for Davis.
[[File:Elisha Graham Johnson, Florida Senator.jpg	100px]]	Republican	July 21, 1875	Member of the Florida Senate	Lake City, Florida	Unknown	Unknown
Johnson was a member of the Florida Senate at a time when it was evenly split between Democrats and Republicans. While closing his store at night, he was shot and killed with a shotgun. This gave Democrats a majority in the legislature, but they denied involvement. It was one of many attacks against Republicans in Florida during this period.
	Republican		Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives	Laurens County, South Carolina	Francis McGann	Unknown
Crews was ambushed by McGann while riding in a buggy across a creek and was struck by five shotgun pellets, one of which pierced his spine and paralyzed him. Crews would succumb to his injuries five days later. McGann alleged he had been hired by Republicans Cullen Lark and John Hamilton to kill Crews, but both were released due to a lack of evidence.
[[File:Charles Caldwell.png	100px]]	Republican	December 30, 1875	Member of the Mississippi State Senate	Clinton, Mississippi	Several assailants	Racism
Caldwell was killed by white vigilantes as one of many attacks on black Mississippians. Some time after his house was vandalized and his neighbors were killed, a friend lured him into an ambush where he was shot by a mob.
		May 13, 1876	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives	Florence County, South Carolina	Unknown	Attacks on Republicans
Rush and his wife Aggy were returning home from an election campaign picnic at a church near Timmonsville when the couple stopped at a creek to let their horses drink. While stopped, Rush was shot in the heart and instantly killed. A neighbor, William D. Purvis, was tried for Rush's killing, but he was acquitted.
	Republican	September 1876	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives	Aiken County, South Carolina	White race rioters	Suppression of African American voters
	Republican	October 10, 1877	Member of the Texas House of Representatives	El Paso, Texas	Charles Howard	Argument during the San Elizario Salt War
Cardis was one of several politicians in El Paso who tried to seize control of the Guadalupe Peak salt deposits from local Mexican–Americans. He became enemies with his former friend Howard, a district judge, and they had physical altercations on two separate occasions. Howard tried to claim the deposits for himself, and a mob captured him when he arrested two Mexican–American men for trying to access the deposits. He was released on the condition of leaving, but he returned to El Paso to kill Cardis, shooting him twice with a shotgun. Howard fled, but he returned in December to reassert his claim over the deposits and was shot by a Mexican firing squad.
[[File:W_H_H_Tison.png	100px]]	Democratic	December 4, 1882	Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives	Baldwyn, Mississippi	J. Edward Sanders	Retaliation for an attack
Tison was walking in front of Sanders' store when Sanders stood at the door and shot Tison with a shotgun. Tison died instantly. Tison and his brothers had beaten Sanders the previous week following a feud between Sanders and the Tison family. Sanders was arrested shortly after the assassination.
	Greenback Party		Former member of the Texas House of Representatives	Hearne, Texas	O.D. Cannon	Racism
Geiger was a black man who became a lawyer after leaving the Texas House of Representatives. He was disliked by the racist white citizens of the region. While Geiger was defending a former slave in court, O.D. Cannon took offense to something Geiger said and shot him five times, fatally wounding him.
[[File:Samuel Newitt Wood.jpg	100px]]	Republican	June 23, 1891	Member of the Kansas Senate	Hugoton, Kansas	James Brennan	Unknown
Wood's friend-turned-enemy Judge Theodosius Botkin appointed Wood's enemy William O'Connor as county attorney, allowing him to persecute Wood. Wood went to Hugoton for a court appearance on one of O'Connor's charges against him despite fears that his political opponents there may harm him. Wood went into the courtroom to check the docket, and as he came out Brennan shot him with a pistol from behind. Wood ran, but Brennan pursued before shooting him again in the back and then in the head. He died fifteen or twenty minutes later. Sheriff Cann was at the court and tried to arrest Brennan, but after a standoff Cann said he would submit to Sheriff Weir of Morton County. Botkin and O'Connor were accused by the Democratic Party and other opposition parties of orchestrating the assassination. Brennan was released when an impartial jury could not be formed, and he fled the state in fear of retaliation from Wood's allies. A new attempt to prosecute him failed when a court in Oklahoma refused to extradite him to Kansas.
[[File:A. J. Rosier.jpg	127x127px]]	Republican	April 15, 1932	Member of the Wyoming Senate	Rawlins, Wyoming	Thomas Lacey	Rosier's refusal to represent Lacey in a lawsuit Lacey had filed
Lacey requested that Rosier, who was also an attorney, to represent him in a lawsuit against the authorities who had arrested and convicted him on gambling charges. Rosier refused, and Lacey decided to kill him in retaliation. Lacey followed Rosier into a local bank and shot him once in the back, fatally wounding him, before fleeing and dying by suicide.
	Democratic	December 29, 1935	Member of the Illinois House of Representatives	Chicago, Illinois	Organized crime	Unknown
Robbed, then shot by three gunmen on his doorstep after arriving home with his family. Former associate of Al Capone. Various theories for motive.
	Democratic	July 9, 1936	Member of the Illinois House of Representatives	Chicago, Illinois	Organized crime	Revenge linked to organized crime
Shot with shotgun in back of the head following a car chase that ended at Washtenaw Avenue and Harrison Street shortly after midnight. Specific assailants not identified. Possibly killed due to being unsuccessful in assisting certain prisoners in Joliet Penitentiary in getting parole. John's brother was Joseph "Red" Bolton, himself killed two years later in 1938, a former associate of Al Capone.
[[File:Albert Patterson of Alabama.jpg	100px]]	Democratic	June 18, 1954		Phenix City, Alabama	Unknown	Patterson's campaign against organized crime
Patterson was the Democratic nominee to be Attorney General of Alabama when he was shot three times as he was leaving his law office and getting in his car. He died minutes later. Governor Gordon Persons declared limited martial law and had state officials replace local prosecutors and investigators. Over the following months, hundreds of people connected to organized crime were indicted and the crime syndicate was dismantled. Patterson's son John was elected attorney general. The assailant was never identified, but chief deputy Albert Fuller was sentenced to life in prison for his involvement.
	Democratic	July 15, 1970	Member of the Missouri House of Representatives	Kansas City, Missouri	Unknown	Unknown
Jordan was shot three times with a shotgun by multiple assailants while he was leaving his tavern. The Mafia is alleged to have been involved.
	Democratic	October 23, 1970	Member of the Hawaii Senate	ʻAiea, Hawaii	Ronald K. Ching	Unknown
Kuriyama was shot by Ching in the parking garage of his home as he returned from a political rally. Ching was a professional hitman and had been hired to assassinate Kuriyama.
[[File:Turk Scott.jpg	100px]]	Democratic	July 13, 1973	Member of the Maryland House of Delegates	Baltimore, Maryland	Unknown	Heroin trafficking
In April 1973, Scott was indicted on federal charges of having trafficked almost 40 pounds of heroin between New York and Baltimore during 1971 and 1972. On July 13, 1973, Scott was found dead in the parking garage of his apartment, having been killed by two shotgun blasts, shot several times with a small caliber handgun, and cut on the throat. An organization calling itself "Black October" claimed responsibility for Scott's killing, with an anonymous individual affiliated with the organization telling a reporter for The Baltimore Sun specific details about the murder shortly after Scott was killed.
	Democratic	October 19, 1998	Member of the Tennessee Senate	Monterey, Tennessee	Byron Looper	Election
Burks was assassinated by his opponent, Byron Looper, in his reelection campaign for the Tennessee Senate. Burks was driving his truck when he was shot. Looper was convicted for the killing. Burks' widow Charlotte Burks took his place as a candidate and was elected to succeed him in the Tennessee Senate.
	Democratic	August 13, 2008		Little Rock, Arkansas	Timothy Dale Johnson	Unknown
Gwatney was shot by Johnson in the headquarters of the Democratic Party of Arkansas, dying from his wounds four hours later. Johnson had entered the building and shot Gwatney after being fired from his job at Target. Johnson led police in a car chase, and he was killed by police after he began shooting at them.
	Democratic	June 17, 2015	Member of the South Carolina Senate	Charleston, South Carolina	Dylann Roof	White supremacy
[[File:Melissa Hortman at One Minnesota Budget Bill Signing (cropped).jpg	100px]]	DFL	June 14, 2025	Member of the Minnesota House of Representatives	Brooklyn Park, Minnesota	Suspect in custody	Anti-abortion violence (suspected)

State judges

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:John potts slough.jpg	100px]]	Democratic			Santa Fe, New Mexico	William Logan Rynerson	Argument
Slough was responsible for swearing in members of the New Mexico legislature until the power was removed from him, and he struck the official he felt was responsible. He walked out of the resulting hearing, so Representative Rynerson introduced a joint resolution to remove Slough as chief justice. Slough referred to Rynerson as "a liar, a coward and a thief", so Rynerson confronted him. Slough refused to retract his statement, even after Rynerson drew a revolver. Slough reached for his own pistol, so Rynerson shot him in the hip, and Slough died the following morning. Rynerson was acquitted of the murder.
[[File:John M. Elliott (Kentucky Congressman).jpg	100px]]	Democratic	March 26, 1879	Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals	Frankfort, Kentucky	Thomas Buford	Retaliation for a court ruling
Elliott was in front of the Capitol Hotel with Judge Thomas M. Hines when he was shot by Buford with a shotgun. Buford had invited the men to go hunting and then for a drink, but they declined. Elliott was killed instantly, and Buford turned himself in to the deputy sheriff who approached them. After his arrest, Buford explained that he had killed Elliott in retaliation for a ruling the court made against his family. Buford was sent to an asylum but escaped and fled to Indiana.
		August 7, 1970	Judge of the California Superior Court	San Rafael, California	Jonathan P. Jackson, James McClain, Ruchell Magee, and William Christmas	Attempt to coerce the release of George Jackson and the Soledad Brothers
		March 11, 2005	Judge of the Georgia Superior Court	Atlanta, Georgia	Brian Nichols	Retaliation for Barnes residing over his case
Nichols, who was on trial for rape, overpowered a lone guard who was overseeing him and stole her revolver after beating her. Nichols went to Barnes' chamber and opened fire, killing him, a court reporter, and a police officer. Nichols also killed a federal agent who attempted to apprehend him before he was taken into custody.
		June 3, 2022	Former judge of the Wisconsin Circuit Court	New Lisbon, Wisconsin	Douglas K. Uhde	Retaliation for Roemer sentencing Uhde (suspected)
Roemer was shot and killed in his home by Uhde who then died by suicide. Roemer had sentenced Uhde to prison for a burglary charge in 2005. Uhde also had a list of other potential targets including Wisconsin governor Tony Evers and Michigan governor Gretchen Whitmer.
		September 19, 2024	Judge of the Kentucky District Court	Whitesburg, Kentucky	Suspect in custody	Psychosis and potential sexual extortion (suspected)

Miscellaneous state offices

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:Solomon P Sharp.jpg	100px]]	Democratic-Republican	November 7, 1825		Frankfort, Kentucky	Jereboam O. Beauchamp	Sharp being a former lover of Beauchamp's wife; disputed political motives
		March 4, 1844 (incident)	Recorder of the Provisional Government of Oregon	Oregon City, Oregon	Cockstock	Killed by a native as part of Native American resistance to white settlement in the area
	Democratic	June 30, 1903	Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts	Austin, Texas	William G. Hill	Retaliation for losing job
Love was sitting at his desk inside the Texas State Capitol. William G. Hill, a former clerk of Love's who had been fired, entered his office and placed a letter on his desk. After a brief conversation, Love began to read the letter and while reading Hill shot him twice in the chest. Hill fled the scene but was tackled by bystanders outside of the building and killed himself in the scuffle.

Local offices

Mayors

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:Joseph Smith, Jr. portrait owned by Joseph Smith III.jpg	100px]]	Reform	June 27, 1844		Carthage, Illinois	The Carthage Greys	Anti-Mormonism
		June 8, 1869	Provisional mayor of Jackson, Mississippi	Jackson, Mississippi	Edward M. Yerger	Seizure of a piano
Crane was stabbed to death by Yerger, a newspaper owner, on the steps of the Mississippi State Capitol. Yerger was responding to the seizure of his piano, which was taken to auction because he owed back taxes. Yerger was arrested, and he was defended by his uncle, former Supreme Court of Mississippi justice William Yerger. They filed a writ of habeas corpus when he was brought before a military tribunal, but it was denied, and the Supreme Court of the United States sustained the denial in Ex parte Yerger. Yerger was taken into the custody of civilian law enforcement following a negotiation, but he left the state after he was released on bail and was never tried.
[[File:Carter Harrison, Sr. - Brady-Handy (cropped2).jpg	100px]]	Democratic	October 28, 1893	Mayor of Chicago	Chicago, Illinois	Patrick Eugene Prendergast	Assailant was rejected for appointment to a patronage post as corporation counsel
Harrison was shot four times by Prendergast with a pistol. Prendergast had claimed to be "a city official" and was allowed to enter the home to meet with Harrison. Harrison's coachman came to the scene and engaged in a gunfight with Prendergast, but no one was hit and Prendergast got away. Harrison died from his wounds about 30 minutes later. Prendergast turned himself in to the police shortly after. He explained that Harrison refused to appoint him as corporation counsel. After a trial centered on whether he was sane when committing the crime, Prendergast was sentenced to death. After a further proceeding on to Prendergast's fitness to be executed, he was hanged the following July.
	Republican	June 29, 1899	Mayor of Muskegon, Michigan	Muskegon, Michigan	J. W. Tayer	Unclear; assailant was described as a "disappointed office-seeker"
Tayer shot and killed Balbirnie as he stood in the doorway of his store. Tayer then drank carbolic acid and shot himself.
[[File:Hale Johnson (1847-1902) (10506934603) (1).jpg	100px]]	Prohibition	November 4, 1902	Mayor of Newton, Illinois; vice presidential candidate	Bogota, Illinois	Harry Harris	Killed while attempting to collect a debt owed to him by Harris
Johnson had gone to collect a debt following a court case that he had prosecuted against Harris. When the deputy sheriff accompanying him seized Harris's wagon, Harris killed Johnson with a shotgun. Harris was apprehended by the Newton city marshal, but he poisoned himself and died and before he could be taken to jail.
[[File:Anton Cermak cph.3b27410.jpg	100px]]	Democratic		Mayor of Chicago	Miami, Florida	Giuseppe Zangara	Anti-capitalism; intended attack on Franklin D. Roosevelt
Cermak met with president-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt during a speech in Miami when Zangara fired five gunshots at them from the crowd. Missing Roosevelt, Zangara hit Cermak and four other people. Cermak was hospitalized and began to recover, but he died of sepsis weeks later. The other four victims survived, and Zangara was executed by electric chair on March 20.
	Democratic	November 15, 1939	Mayor of Long Beach, New York	Long Beach, New York	Alvin Dooley	Retaliation for disciplinary action and losing reelection
Edwards came into conflict with Dooley, president of the police union, after Dooley criticized his heavy-handed approach on crime. Edwards responded by demoting Dooley from his position on the motorcycle squad and ensuring Dooley lost his reelection as union president to Edwards' bodyguard James Walsh. When Dooley was assigned to a police booth outside of Edwards' house, Edwards smiled as he and Walsh walked by. Dooley responded by shooting Edwards with a revolver. Walsh tried to stop Dooley and was shot and injured during the scuffle. Dooley then went to where Edwards lay and shot him two more times in the back. He turned himself in and served ten years in prison.
[[File:George Moscone, 1975.jpg	133x133px]]	Democratic	November 27, 1978	Mayor of San Francisco	San Francisco, California	Dan White	Moscone's refusal to reinstate White
	Republican		Former mayor of Evansville, Indiana	Evansville, Indiana	Julia Van Orden	Mental illness, hostility toward the city
Lloyd was shot at his home by Van Orden following an argument, months after his term ended. Van Orden believed that Lloyd was still the incumbent mayor and was angry with the city government. Lloyd died after spending two days comatose, while Van Orden was declared insane and sentenced to 40 years.
			Mayor of Kirkwood, Missouri	Kirkwood, Missouri	Charles Lee "Cookie" Thornton	Retaliation for municipal fines

County officers

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive	Ref	John Quincy Dickinson
[[File:John Quincy Dickinson.jpg	100px]]	Republican	April 3, 1871	Clerk of Court of Jackson County, Florida	Marianna, Florida	Unknown	White supremacy

City council members

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:Harvey Milk at Gay Pride San Jose, June 1978 (cropped).jpg	125x125px]]	Democratic	November 27, 1978	City Supervisor of San Francisco	San Francisco, California	Dan White	Milk's objection to White's reinstatement
	Democratic	July 23, 2003	New York City Councilman	New York City, New York	Othniel Askew	Assailant was a prospective electoral challenger
Davis had befriended Askew after convincing him not to run for Davis's seat on the city council. Davis invited Askew to join him at city hall in the visitor's gallery, where Askew smuggled in a pistol and shot Davis, killing him. A security officer then shot and killed Askew.
		February 7, 2008	Councilmembers of Kirkwood City Council	Kirkwood, Missouri	Charles Lee "Cookie" Thornton	Retaliation for municipal fines
	Republican	February 1, 2023	Member of the Sayreville Borough Council	Sayreville, New Jersey	Rashid Ali Bynum
Dwumfour was found dead in her car with gunshot wounds. Bynum, a former member of Dwumfour's congregation as a priest, was arrested for her murder four months later. Bynum was found guilty in June 2025.

Other municipal officials

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive	Ref	Ken Yost
		February 7, 2008	Public Works Director of Kirkwood	Kirkwood, Missouri	Charles Lee "Cookie" Thornton	Retaliation for municipal fines

Law enforcement

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:Brady-William-J-1872.jpg	147x147px]]		April 1, 1878	Lincoln County Sheriff	Lincoln, New Mexico	Lincoln County Regulators and Billy the Kid	Revenge for John Tunstall's death
Tunstall, an ally of the Lincoln County Regulators and Billy the Kid, was shot and killed by Lincoln County deputies for his role in the Lincoln County War on February 18, 1878 at his ranch. Brady and four of his deputies were ambushed by the Regulators and Billy the Kid as they walked down the main street of Lincoln, killing Brady and deputy George W. Hindman.
[[File:Hennessy.JPG	118x118px]]		October 16, 1890	Police Chief of the New Orleans Police Department	New Orleans, Louisiana	Mafia (suspected)	Retaliation for Hennessy's anti-Mafia work (suspected)
		September 18, 1929	Hutchinson County District Attorney	Borger, Texas	Unknown	Suspected retaliation for campaign against organized crime and bootlegging
Holmes was shot and killed by an unknown assailant during a period in which organized crime had a large influence in the city of Borger. As a result of his death, Governor Dan Moody ordered Hutchinson County placed under martial law and sent in the Texas Rangers to restore order.
		June 1952	Mayes County District Attorney	Locust Grove, Oklahoma	Unknown	Retaliation for crackdown on illegal gambling and bootlegging (suspected)
Burris was ambushed outside of his home and killed with a shotgun blast. Burris' wife said she heard a vehicle fleeing from their home after he had been shot, but investigators were unable to determine who killed Burris and for what reason, although they did suspect it was in retaliation for Burris' crackdown on illegal gambling and bootlegging in the area.
		June 11, 1974	Union City Police Chief	Union City, California	Leonard Baca	Revenge for the death of Alberto Terrones
		April 13, 2002	Pulaski County Sheriff	Stab, Kentucky	Danny Shelley	Attempt to replace Catron with Jeff Morris

Tribal government

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Office	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:Elias Boudinot (1802–1839).jpg	113x113px]]	Treaty Party	June 22, 1839	Member of the Cherokee Nation Tribal Council	Park Hill, Oklahoma	Supporters of John Ross	Retaliation for signing the Treaty of New Echota
An armed group of Cherokee attacked Boudinot's home and killed him in retaliation for Boudinot and other Treaty Party members signing the Treaty of New Echota without the support of Cherokee chief John Ross and the majority support of the Cherokee Nation Tribal Council. The treaty facilitated the Cherokee removal.
[[File:JohnRidgeCherokee.jpg	102x102px]]	Treaty Party	June 22, 1839	Member of the Cherokee Nation Tribal Council	McIntosh County, Oklahoma	Supporters of John Ross	Retaliation for signing the Treaty of New Echota
Ridge was killed by an armed group of Cherokee for signing off on the Treaty of New Echota.
[[File:Major ridge.jpg	113x113px]]	Treaty Party	June 22, 1839	Member of the Cherokee Nation Tribal Council	Washington County, Arkansas	Supporters of John Ross	Retaliation for signing the Treaty of New Echota
Ridge was ambushed by a group of armed Cherokee as he rode along a road in retaliation for signing off on the Treaty of New Echota. Ridge was shot five times and killed.
		February 20, 2014	Members of the Cedarville Rancheria Tribal Council (Davis, Penn, and Calonicco), Tribal Administrator (Russo)	Alturas, California	Cherie Lash Rhoades	Retaliation for being removed as Tribal Chairperson and being evicted
Rhoades was the former Chairperson of the Cedarville Rancheria who had been suspended due to a federal investigation into allegations she had embezzled $50,000 from the tribe. During a council meeting to decide whether to evict her and her son, Rhoades opened fire on councilmembers, killing four people, three of whom (Davis, Penn, and Calonicco) were also relatives of Rhoades. After running out of bullets, she stabbed and injured another member before being arrested. She was sentenced to death.

Non-officeholding politicians==

Politician	Portrait	Party	Date	Location	Assassin	Motive
[[File:George W. Ashburn (cropped).jpg	100px]]	Republican	March 31, 1868	Columbus, Georgia	Several unknown assailants	Ashburn's support for African American rights
Ashburn was shot in his home after several masked assailants broke in. Multiple groups were accused, including the Ku Klux Klan, conservatives, or spurned allies who wished to seize influence from Ashburn. He had been preparing to campaign for a seat in the United States Senate, and he was previously a delegate to the Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1867–1868.
	Republican	April 16, 1868	Morehouse Parish, Louisiana	James Payne (alleged)	To stop Sinclair's election to the Louisiana House of Representatives
Sinclair, who was running for a seat in the Louisiana House of Representatives, was returning home on horseback from a political rally a day before the election when he was allegedly shot and killed near Bonita by Payne, a white plantation owner who had been working to elect Sinclair's Democratic opponent. Payne admitted to shooting Sinclair, but claimed that it was in self-defense and a kangaroo court found him not guilty. After that, however, Payne was arrested by the Marshals Service, but he was released on bond and subsequently disappeared. O. H. Brewster was selected to replace Sinclair and won the seat.
[[File:John M. Clayton of Arkansas.jpg	100px]]	Republican	January 29, 1889	Plumerville, Arkansas	Unknown assailant	Unknown motive
Clayton was staying at a boarding house in Plumerville investigating election fraud that caused him to lose his House race. Buckshot was fired through the window of his room, killing him. The assassin was never found. Clayton was later determined to be the winner of the election.
[[File:George Lincoln Rockwell in 1963 (cropped).jpg	100px]]	American Nazi	August 25, 1967	Arlington, Virginia	John Patler	Retaliation for the assailant's expulsion from the Nazi Party
	Non-partisan	December 15, 2000	Decatur, Georgia	Melvin Walker	Defeat in sheriff's election
The former DeKalb County sheriff, Sidney Dorsey, arranged to have sheriff-elect Brown, a captain in the DeKalb County Police Department, killed out of bitterness for Brown defeating Dorsey in the county sheriff's election. Dorsey promised former sheriff's deputy Melvin Walker a promotion to deputy sheriff if he carried out the murder and promised the getaway driver and backup shooter, David Ramsey, a job as a detention officer. Walker shot Brown 12 times with a TEC-9 outside Brown's home, killing him.

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