Surf Wiki
Save to docs
general/asanas

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

List of asanas

List of postures in hatha yoga and yoga as exercise

List of asanas
Summary

List of postures in hatha yoga and yoga as exercise

[[Padmāsana]], lotus pose, used for [[meditation]]. Gilt bronze statue of [[Bodhisattva]] [[Manjusri]] and [[Prajnaparamita]], Nepal, c. 1575

An asana (Sanskrit: आसन, IAST: āsana) is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for meditation, asanas may be standing, seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends, backbends, or reclining in prone or supine positions. The asanas have been given a variety of English names by competing schools of yoga.

The traditional number of asanas is the symbolic 84, but different texts identify different selections, sometimes listing their names without describing them. Some names have been given to different asanas over the centuries, and some asanas have been known by a variety of names, making tracing and the assignment of dates difficult. For example, the name Muktasana is now given to a variant of Siddhasana with one foot in front of the other, but has also been used for Siddhasana and other cross-legged meditation poses. As another example, the headstand is now known by the 20th century name Shirshasana, but an older name for the pose is Kapalasana. Sometimes, the names have the same meaning, as with Bidalasana and Marjariasana, both meaning Cat Pose.

Affixes

Variations on the basic asanas are indicated by Sanskrit affixes including the following:

EnglishSanskritMeaningExample
AdhoअधोdownwardAdho Mukha Shvanasana (downward [facing] dog)
Ardhaअर्धhalfArdha Padmasana (half lotus)
Baddhaबद्धboundBaddha Konasana (bound angle)
Dviद्विtwoDvi Pada Kaundinyasana (two-legged Kaundinya)
EkaएकoneEka Pada Shirshasana (one-legged headstand)
Parsvaपार्श्वsideParsva Bakasana (side crane)
Parivrittaपरिवृत्तrevolvedParivritta Trikonasana (reverse triangle)
Prasaritaप्रसारितspread outPrasarita Padottanasana (wide stance forward bend)
Salambaसालम्बsupportedSalamba Shirshasana (supported headstand)
Suptaसुप्तsupine, recliningSupta Virasana (reclining hero)
Upavishtaउपविष्ठseatedUpavishta Konasana (wide-angle seated forward bend)
Urdhvaऊर्ध्वupwardsUrdhva Dhanurasana (upwards bow)
Utthitaउत्थितextendedUtthita Parsvakonasana (extended side angle)
ViparitaविपरीतinvertedViparita Dandasana (inverted staff)

Asanas

A single asana is listed for each main pose, whether or not there are variations. Thus for Sirsasana (Yoga headstand), only one pose is illustrated, although the pose can be varied by moving the legs apart sideways or front-and-back, by lowering one leg to the floor, by folding the legs into lotus posture, by turning the hips to one side, by placing the hands differently on the ground, and so on. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga lists 15 variations on the basic headstand, including for instance the combined variation Parivrttaikapada Sirsasana in which not only are the hips revolved but the legs are apart front-and-back. Since then, variations of many other poses have been created; their names are not listed here. Yin Yoga names are for the equivalent Yin variants; these are usually somewhat different from the conventional (Yang) poses.

Indian texts are "notoriously difficult to date". The table shows the approximate date and abbreviated title of the earliest document or authority to describe that asana (not only naming it), as follows:

  • AS = Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā, c. 7th century
  • BaH = Bahr al-Hayāt, 17th century
  • DU = Darśana Upaniṣad, c. 4th century
  • GhS = Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā, 17th century
  • GS = Gorakṣaśataka, 10th century
  • HAP = Hațhābhyāsapaddhati, 18th century
  • HR = Haṭha Ratnāvali, 17th century
  • HY = Hemacandra's Yogaśāstra, 11th century
  • HYP = Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā, 15th century
  • JP = Joga Pradīpikā, 18th century
  • LoY = Light on Yoga, 1966
  • PL = Post-Light on Yoga
  • PSV = Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa, 8th century
  • ShS = Śiva Saṃhitā, 14th century
  • ST = Śrītattvanidhi, 19th century
  • TB = Theos Bernard, 1950
  • TK = Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, c. 1940
  • V = Vimānārcanākalpa, 10th century
  • VM = Vivekamārtaṇḍa, 13th century
  • VS = Vāsiṣṭha Saṁhitā, 13th century
AsanaSanskritEnglishTypeEffect on spineSuitable for meditationDescribedYin Yoga variantImage
Adho Mukha Shvanasanaअधोमुखश्वानासनDownward-Facing DogStandingForward bend20th C. TK
18th C. HAP (in dynamic pose "Gajāsana")[[File:Ado-muka-shvanasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Adho Mukha Vrikshasanaअधोमुखवृक्षासनDownward-Facing Tree,
Yoga Handstand
Balancing18th C. HAP[[File:Rocket-yoga-13 handstand (cropped).jpgframelessupright=0.2center]]
Akarna Dhanurasanaआकर्णधनुरासनShooting bow,
Archer,
Bow and arrow
Sitting19th C. ST (as Dhanurāsana)[[File:Akarna Dhanurasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Anantasanaअनन्तासनAnanta's pose,
Vishnu's Couch pose
Reclining20th C. LoY[[File:Anantasana wfs.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Anjaneyasanaअञ्जनेयासनCrescent MoonStandingBackbend20th C.Dragon[[File:Ardha urdhwa bhujangasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5centeralt=Variation with arms down]]
Ardha Chandrasanaअर्धचन्द्रासनHalf moonStanding20th C. LoY[[File:Ardha-Chandrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Ashtanga Namaskaraअष्टाङ्ग नमस्कारEight-Limbed Salutation
CaterpillarReclining20th C. TK[[File:Ashtanga Namaskara (cropped).JPGframelessupright=0.5center]]
Astavakrasanaअष्टावक्रासनAṣṭāvakra's pose,
Eight-angled
Balancing20th C. LoY[[File:Astavakrasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Baddha Konasana
Bhadrasana
बद्धकोणासनBound angle,
Cobbler's poseSittingMeditation15th C. HYP
17th C. GhS
Butterfly[[File:Baddha konasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Bakasana
Kakasana
बकासन,
ककासन
Crane (arms straight)
Crow (arms bent)
Balancing17th C. HR[[File:Kakasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
BalasanaबालासनChildSitting20th C. TK
19th C. ST Ananda Balasana (as Kandukasana)Child's[[File:Balasana.JPGframelessupright=0.5center]]
Bhairavasana
Ankushasana
भैरवासन
अण्कुशासन
FormidableReclining19th C. ST[[File:Ankusasana from Sritattvanidhi (cropped).jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Bharadvajasanaभरद्वाजासनBharadvaja's twistSittingTwist20th C. LoYSeated Twist[[File:Bharadvajasana1 (cropped).JPGframelessupright=0.4center]]
BhekasanaभेकासनFrogRecliningBackbend20th C. LoY[[File:Bhekasana1.JPGframelessupright=0.5center]]
Bhujangasanaभुजङ्गासनCobraRecliningBackbend17th C. GhS 2.42Seal, Sphinx[[File:Bhujangasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
BhujapidasanaभुजपीडासनArm-pressing postureBalancing20th C. LoYSnail[[File:Bhujapidasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Bidalasana
Marjariasana
बिडालासन
मार्जरीआसन
CatKneelingBackbend20th C. T.K.V. Desikachar, Satyananda Saraswati[[File:Yoga at Your Park - Bitilasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Chaturanga Dandasanaचतुरङ्गदण्डासनFour-Limbed Staff
Low PlankReclining20th C. TK[[File:Chaturanga-Dandasana low Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Dandasanaदण्डासनStaffSitting8th C. PSV[[File:Dandasana yoga posture.jpgframelessupright=0.4center]]
DhanurasanaधनुरासनBowRecliningBackbend15th C. HYP 1.27[[File:Dhanurasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Durvasasanaदुर्वासासनDurvasa's PoseStanding, Balancing19th C. ST (as 'Trivikramasana')[[File:Durvasasana from Sritattvanidhi.jpgframelessupright=0.35center]]
Garbha Pindasanaगर्भासनEmbryo in WombSitting17th C. BaH[[File:Garbhasana.jpgframelessupright=0.3center]]
GarudasanaगरुडासनEagleStanding, Balancing19th C. ST[[File:Garudasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
GomukhasanaगोमुखासनCow-facedSittingMeditation4th C. DU 3.3–4
7th C. AS
10th C. V
15th C. HYP 1.20
17th C. HR 3Shoelace[[File:Gomukhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.4center]]
Gorakshasanaगोरक्षासनCowherd
Gorakhnath's pose
SittingMeditation14th C. ShS 3.108-112
15th C. HYP 1.28-29
17th C. GhS 2.24-25[[File:Jogapradipika 22 Bhadragorakhasana (cropped).jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
HalasanaहलासनPloughInversionForward bend19th C. ST (as Lāṇgalāsana, plough)
20th C. TB
[[File:Halasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
HanumanasanaहनुमनासनHanuman's PoseSitting20th C. TK[[File:Hanumanasana - Hanuman's Posture - in Diagonal View.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Janusirsasanaजानुशीर्षासनHead-to-KneeSittingForward Bend20th C. TK[[File:Janusirsasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Jathara Parivartanasanaञटर परिवर्तनासनBelly twistRecliningTwist20th C. LoY
KapotasanaकपोतासनPigeonKneelingBackbend20th C. LoY[[File:Kapotasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Karnapidasanaकर्णपीडासनEar-pressingInversionForward bend20th C. TB (as variant of Halasana); LoY[[File:Karnapidasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Kaundinyasanaकौण्डिन्यसनKaundinya's poseBalancing20th C. LoY[[File:Mr-yoga-two-legged-koundinya.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Kraunchasanaक्रौञ्चासनHeronSitting17th C. HR
Kukkutasanaकुक्कुटासनCockerelBalancing7th C. AS
13th C. VS
15th C. HYP 1.23
17th C. GhS 2.31[[File:Yoga shaktipat kukkutasana by alexey baykov.jpgframelessupright=0.35center]]
Kurmasanaकूर्मासनTortoiseSittingForward bend7th C. AS[[File:Kūrmāsana - Tortoise Pose with Hands Facing Back.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
LolasanaलोलासनPendantBalancing20th C.[[File:Mr-yoga-pendant pose.jpgframelessupright=0.4center]]
MakarasanaमकरासनCrocodileReclining17th C. GhS 2.40[[File:Makarasana Asana (Crocodile Posture).jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
MalasanaमालासनGarlandSquattingForward bend20th C. LoY[[File:Mālāsana heel grab side.jpgframelessupright=0.35center]]
Mandukasanaमन्दुकासनFrogSitting17th C. GhS
Marichyasanaमरीच्यासनMarichi's PoseSittingTwist20th C. TK[[File:Marichyasana....jpgframelessupright=0.4center]]
Matsyasanaमत्स्यासनFishRecliningBackbend17th C. GhS 2.21Fish[[File:Matsyasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Matsyendrasanaमत्स्येन्द्रासनLord of the Fishes
Matsyendra's poseSittingTwist15th C. HYP 1.28-29
17th C. GhS
[[File:Ardha-Matsyendrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
MayurasanaमयूरासनPeacockBalancing10th C. V
15th C. HYP 1.33[[File:Peacock pose.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Muktasanaमुक्तासनLiberatedSittingMeditation10th C. V[[File:Samanasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
NatarajasanaनटराजासनLord of the Dance
Dancer
Nataraja's PoseStandingBackbend20th C. TK[[File:Natarajasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.4center]]
Navasana
Naukasana
नावासन,
परिपूर्णनावासन
नौकासनBoatSittingForward bend19th C. ST[[File:Paripurna-Navasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Padmasanaपद्मासनLotusSittingMeditation4th C. DU
8th C. PSV
[[File:Lotus pose.JPGframelessupright=0.35center]]
ParighasanaपरिघासनGateStanding20th C. TK[[File:Gate Pose (cropped).jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Parshvakonasanaपार्श्वकोणासनSide angleStanding20th C. TK[[File:Utthita-Parshvakonasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Parshvottanasanaपार्श्वोत्तनासनIntense side stretchStanding20th C. TK[[File:Parshvottanasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
PashasanaपाशासनNooseSquattingTwist19th C. ST[[File:Pasasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.4center]]
Paschimottanasanaपश्चिमोत्तानासनSeated Forward BendSittingForward Bend15th C. HYP 1:28
17th C. GhS 2:26
Full Forward Bend, Caterpillar[[File:Paschimotanasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Pincha Mayurasanaपिञ्चमयूरासनFeathered PeacockBalancing20th C. LoY[[File:Ardha vrishkasana.jpgframelessupright=0.3center]]
Prasarita Padottanasanaप्रसारित पादोत्तानासनWide Stance Forward BendStandingForward bend20th C. TK[[File:Practice (1) (16383984312).jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
RajakapotasanaराजकपोतासनKing PigeonSittingBackbend20th C. LoYSwan, Sleeping Swan[[File:Yoga shaktipat rajakapotasana by alexey baykov.jpgframelessupright=0.35center]]
ShalabhasanaशलभासनLocustRecliningBackbend20th C. TB[[File:Salabhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Sarvangasanaसालम्बसर्वाङ्गासनShoulder StandInversion20th C. (this name); 19th C. as Viparita Karani in JP; 15th C. HYP[[File:Sarvangasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
SamakonasanaसमकोणासनSide splitsSitting20th C. TK[[File:Samakonasana (Side Split) Szpagat poprzeczny.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
ShavasanaशवासनCorpseReclining15th C. HYP 1.32Corpse[[File:Shavasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Setu Bandha Sarvangasanaसेतुबन्धसर्वाङ्गासनShoulder supported bridgeInversionBackbend19th C. ST, called Kāmapīṭhāsana[[File:Kamapithasana (Setubandhasana) from Sritattvanidhi.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Siddhasana (men),
Siddha Yoni Asana (women)
सिद्धासनAccomplished,
The Adept's PoseSittingMeditation10th C. GS 1.10-12[[File:sidhasana.JPGframelessupright=0.5center]]
SimhasanaसिंहासनLionSittingMeditation4th C. DU
10th C. V
[[File:Simhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Shirshasana
Kapalasanaशीर्षासनHeadstand,
Yoga Headstand
Inversion11th C. HY(called Duryodhanāsana or Kapālīkarana)
14th C. ShS 4.45-47 (as Viparita Karani)
15th C. HYP 3.78-81 (ditto)
17th C. GhS 3.33-35 (ditto)
18th C. JP (as Kapala āsana)
[[File:Shirshasana.jpgframelessupright=0.3center]]
SukhasanaसुखासनEasySittingMeditation4th C. DUEasy[[File:Sukhasana.jpgframelessupright=0.35center]]
Supta Padangusthasanaसुप्त पादाङ्गुष्ठासनBig toe supineReclining20th C. TK[[File:Ardha maerudhandaasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Surya Namaskarसुर्य नमस्कारSalute to the Sun
Sun SalutationStandingForward bend,
backbend sequence20th C. Rajah of Aundh, then TK[[File:1Pranamasana.JPGframelessupright=0.4center]]
Svastikasanaस्वस्तिकसनAuspicious
Lucky markSittingMeditation8th C. PSVSquare[[File:Jogapradipika 1 Svastikasana (detail).jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
TadasanaताडासनMountainStanding20th C. TK[[File:Tadasana - Yoga Art and Science.jpgframelessupright=0.2center]]
Tittibhasanaटिट्टिभासनFireflyBalancing19th C. ST (as Mālāsana)[[File:Mr-yoga-firefly-pose-1.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Trikonasana,
Utthita Trikonasanaत्रिकोणासन,
उत्थित त्रिकोणासनTriangleStanding20th C. TK[[File:Trikonasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Trivikramasanaत्रिविक्रमासनTrivikrama's pose
Standing splits
Supta Trivikramasana (reclining variant)Standing, Balancinglast1=Bhavananifirst1=Ananda Balayogilast2=Bhavananifirst2=Devasenatitle=Bharatanatyam and Yogaurl=http://www.dhdi.free.fr/recherches/horizonsinterculturels/articles/bharatanatyamyoga.htmdate=2001url-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023215608/http://www.dhdi.free.fr/recherches/horizonsinterculturels/articles/bharatanatyamyoga.htmarchive-date=23 October 2006}}[[File:Trivikramasana temple statue.JPGframelessupright=0.25center]]
TulasanaतुलासनBalance / ScalesBalancing20th C. LoY[[File:Mr-yoga-scales-pose.jpgframelessupright=0.4center]]
Upavishta Konasanaउपविष्टकोणासनOpen AngleSitting20th C. TKDragonfly[[File:Mr-yoga-seated-angle-pose.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Urdhva Dhanurasana
Chakrasana
ऊर्ध्वधनुरासन, चक्रासनUpwards-facing bow,
WheelInversionBackbend19th C. ST (as Paryaṇkāsana)[[File:Chakrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Urdhva Mukha Shvanasanaऊर्ध्वमुखश्वानासनUpward-Facing DogRecliningBackbend20th C. TK[[File:Upward-facing dog pose.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Ushtrasanaउष्ट्रासनCamelKneelingBackbend20th C. LoY[[File:Ustrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Utkatasanaउत्कटासनAwkward or PowerfulStanding15th C. HYP (squatting)
17th C. GhS
20th C. TK (chair-like)
[[File:Utkatasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Uttanasanaउत्तानासनStanding Forward BendStandingForward bend20th C. TB (as Padahastasana); TK[[File:Uttanasana.jpgframelessupright=0.3center]]
Utthita Hastapadangusthasanaउत्थित हस्तपादाङ्गुष्ठासनStanding Big Toe Hold
(I: leg to the side;
II: leg to the front)
Standing20th C. TK[[File:Utthita-Hasta-Padangusthasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.35center]]
Vajrasanaवज्रासनThunderboltKneelingMeditation17th C. GhS (may mean Virasana)[[File:Vajrasana.jpgframelessupright=0.3center]]
Vasishtasanaवसिष्ठासनVasishta's pose,
Side plank
Balancing20th C. TK[[File:Yoga PLank.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Viparita Dandasanaविपरीत दण्डासनInverted StaffInversionBackbend20th C. TK?, LoY[[File:Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Viparita Karani
Uttanapadasana (variant)विपरीतकरणिInverted practice
Legs up the wall
Inversion13th C. VM for pratyahara
14th C. ShS 4.45-47
15th C. HYP 3.78-81
17th C. GhS 3.33-35 and other texts
Legs-Up-the-Wall[[File:Viparita-Karani Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.35center]]
last1=McCraryfirst1=Meagantitle=#YJ40: 10 Poses Younger Than Yoga Journalurl=https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/10-poses-younger-yoga-journalpublisher=Yoga Journaldate=15 July 2015quote=Reverse Warrior You won't find this playful variation of Warrior II Pose in Light on Yoga.}}विपरीतवीरभद्रासनReversed WarriorStanding21st C. PL[[File:Reverse warrior pose.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Virabhadrasana Iवीरभद्रासनWarrior IStanding20th C. TK[[File:Virabhadrasana I - Warrior Pose I.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Virabhadrasana IIवीरभद्रासन IIWarrior IIStanding20th C. TK[[File:Warrior II.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Virabhadrasana IIIवीरभद्रासन IIIWarrior IIIStanding20th C. TK[[File:Tuladandasana.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]
Virasana,
Dhyana Virasana
वीरासन,
ध्यान वीरासन
Hero,
Hero's Meditation
KneelingMeditation4th C. DU
8th C. PSV (these may refer to a different meditation pose)
[[File:Virasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.4center]]
Vrikshasanaवृक्षासनTreeStanding, Balancing17th C. GhS[[File:Vriksasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpgframelessupright=0.35center]]
Vrischikasanaवृश्चिकासनScorpionInversionBackbend20th C. LoY (13th - 18th C. in Bharatnatyam dance statues of Eastern Gopuram, Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram but not yoga)[[File:Mr-yoga-stretched-out-scorpion.pngframelessupright=0.5centeralt=Variant with one leg bent]]
Yoganidrasana
Pasini Mudraयोगनिद्रासनYogic sleep
Noose MudraRecliningForward bend17th C. HR 3.70
17th C. GhS 3.84 as a Mudra
18th C. painting, Mysore[[File:Mr-yoga-yogic-sleep-pose.jpgframelessupright=0.5center]]

Notes

References

References

  1. (2007). "Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga: A Survey of Traditions". D. K. Printworld.
  2. Rosen, Richard. (2017). "Yoga FAQ: Almost Everything You Need to Know about Yoga-from Asanas to Yamas". Shambhala.
  3. "Muktasana". Yogapedia.
  4. (15 July 2015). "#YJ40: 10 Poses Younger Than Yoga Journal". [[Yoga Journal]].
  5. (June 2015). "Anjaneyāsana - Learning devotion from Hanuman". Yoga Aktuell.
  6. (3 August 2018). "How to do Bhadrasana?". The Yoga Institute.
  7. "Balasana - Child Pose". Akasha Yoga.
  8. "Cat Pose – Marjariasana". Akasha Yoga.
  9. (2011). "Gomukhasana (Cow Face Posture)". The [[Divine Life Society]].
  10. "Head to Knee Pose – Janushirshasana". Akasha Yoga.
  11. (9 December 2011). "A Response to Mark Singleton's Yoga Body by JamesMallinson".
  12. (28 August 2007). "Noose Pose". Yoga Journal.
  13. (15 June 2018). "Bhawanrao Shrinivasrao Pant Pratinidhi: The man who promoted Surya Namaskar". The Economic Times (India).
  14. (2001). "Bharatanatyam and Yoga".
  15. (2002). "Asana". Yoga Journal.
  16. "Utkatasana {{!}} Chair Pose". Akasha Yoga Academy.
  17. "Sitting Postures for Pranayama and Meditation".
  18. Westoby, Ruth. (October 2019). ["The Viveka-mārtaṇḍa on pratyāhāra in viparītakaraṇī with James Mallinson"](https://sanskritreadingroom.wordpress.com/2019/10/11/withdrawing-the-senses-james-mallinson/ ). [[SOAS, University of London]].
  19. (15 July 2015). "#YJ40: 10 Poses Younger Than Yoga Journal". Yoga Journal.
  20. (2 August 2016). "Virabhadrasana or Warrior Pose". Bahiranga.com.
  21. (28 August 2007). "You Don't Have to Play Martyr in Hero Pose". Yoga Journal.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

asanas hatha-yoga yoga-as-exercise
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about List of asanas — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report