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List of amendments of the Constitution of India

Types of amendments

Summary

Types of amendments

As of July 2025, there have been 106 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950.

The Indian Constitution is the most amended national constitution in the world. The Constitution spells out governmental powers with so much detail that many matters addressed by statute in other democracies must be addressed via constitutional amendment in India. As a result, the Constitution is amended roughly twice a year.

There are three types of amendments to the Constitution of India of which the second and third types of amendments are governed by Article 368.

  • The first type of amendment must be passed by a "simple majority" in each house of the Parliament of India.
  • The second type of amendment must be passed by a prescribed "special majority" of each house of Parliament; and
  • The third type of amendment must be passed by a "special majority" in each house of Parliament and ratified by at least one half of the State Legislatures. Examples of the third type of amendment include amendments No. 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 54, 61, 62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 79, 84, 88, 95, 99, 101 and 104.

TOC

List of amendments

No.AmendmentsEnforced sinceObjectivesPrime MinisterPresident
1st15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376.
Insert articles 31A and 31B.
Insert schedule 9.
2ndAmend article 81(1)(b).
3rdAmend schedule 7.
4thAmend articles 31, 31A, and 305.
Amend schedule 9.
5thAmend article 3.
6thAmend articles 269 and 286.
Amend schedule 7.
7thAmend articles 1, 3, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232.
Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.
8thAmend article 334.
9thAmend schedule 1.
10thAmend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.
11thAmend articles 66 and 71.
12thAmend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.
13thAmend article 170.
Insert new article 371A.
14thAmend articles 81 and 240.
Insert article 239A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.
15thAmend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316.
Insert article 224A.
Amend schedule 7.
16thAmend articles 19, 84 and 173.
Amend schedule 3.
17thAmend article 31A.
Amend schedule 9.
18thAmend article 3.
19thAmend article 324.
20thInsert article 233A.
21stAmend schedule 8.
22ndAmend article 275.
Insert articles 244A and 371B.
23rdAmend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.
24thAmend articles 13 and 368.
25thAmend article 31.
Insert article 31C.
26thAmend article 366.
Insert article 363A.
Remove articles 291 and 362.
27thAmend articles 239A and 240.
Insert articles 239B and 371C.
28thInsert article 312A.
Remove article 314.
29thAmend schedule 9.
30thAmend article 133.
31stAmend articles 81, 330 and 332.
32ndAmend article 371.
Insert articles 371D and 371E.
Amend schedule 7.
33rdAmend articles 101 and 190.
34thAmend schedule 9.
35thAmend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 2A.
Insert schedule 10.
36thAmend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 371F.
Remove article 2A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.
Remove schedule 10.
37thAmend articles 239A and 240.
38thAmend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360.
39thAmend articles 71 and 329.
Insert article 329A.
Amend schedule 9.
40thAmend article 297.
Amend schedule 9.
41stAmend article 316.
42ndAmend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F.
Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A.
Insert parts IVA and XIVA.
Amend schedule 7.
43rdAmend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366.
Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.
44thAmend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F.
Insert articles 134A and 361A.
Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A.
Amend part 12.
Amend schedule 9.
45thAmend article 334.
46thAmend articles 269, 286 and 366.
Amend schedule 7.
47thAmend schedule 9.
48thAmend article 356.
49thAmend article 244.
Amend schedules 5 and 6.
50thAmend article 33.
51stAmend articles 330 and 332.
52ndAmend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191.
Insert schedule 10.
53rdInsert article 371G.
54thAmend articles 125 and 221.
Amend schedule 2.
55thInsert article 371H.
56thInsert article 371I.
57thAmend article 332.
58thInsert article 394A.
Amend part 22.
59thAmend article 356.
Insert article 359A.
60thAmend article 276.
61stAmend article 326.
62ndAmend article 334.
63rdAmend article 356.
Remove article 359A.
64thAmend article 356.
65thAmend article 338.
66thAmend schedule 9.
67thAmend article 356.
68thAmend article 356.
69thInsert articles 239AA and 239AB.
70thAmend articles 54 and 239AA.
71stAmend schedule 8.
72ndAmend article 332.
73rdInsert part 9. Insert schedule 11.
74thInsert part 9A, insert schedule 12, amend article 280.
75thAmend article 323B.
76thAmend schedule 9.
77thAmend article 16.
78thAmend schedule 9.
79thAmend article 334.
80thAmend articles 269 and 270.
Remove article 272.
81stAmend article 16.
82ndAmend article 335.
83rdAmend article 243M.
84thAmend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 and 332.
85thAmend article 16.
86thAmend articles 45 and 51A.
Insert article 21A.
87thAmend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.
88thAmend article 270.
Insert article 268A.
Amend schedule 7.
89thAmend article 338.
Insert article 338A.
90thAmend article 332.
91stAmend articles 75 and 164.
Insert article 361B.
Amend schedule 10.
92ndAmend schedule 8.
93rdAmend article 15.
94thAmend article 164.
95thAmend article 334.
96thAmend schedule 8.
97thAmend Art 19 and add Art 43B and Part IXB.
98thTo insert Article 371J in the Constitution
99thInsertion of new articles 124A, 124B and 124C. Amendments to Articles 127, 128, 217, 222, 224A, 231.
100thAmendment of First Schedule to Constitution
101stAdd of articles 246A, 269A, 279A. Deletion of Article 268A.
102ndAdd articles 338B, 342A, and add Clause 26C.
103rdAmend Article 15, add Clause [6],
104thAmend article 334.
105thAmend Article 338B, 342A and 366.
106thAmend article 239AA.

References

References

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  14. "Eighth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  15. "Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
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  17. "Eleventh Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  18. "Twelfth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  19. (1962-12-28). "Thirteenth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
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  24. "Eighteenth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
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  35. "Twenty Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  36. "Thirtieth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  37. "Thirty First Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  38. "Thirty Second Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
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  47. "HOW THE CONGRESS HAD WRECKED CONSTITUTION". dailypioneer.com.
  48. "Fortieth Amendment".
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  60. "Fifty Nine Second Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
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  67. "Fifty Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  68. "Sixtieth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
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  70. "Sixty Second Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  71. "Sixty Third Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
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  75. "Sixty Seventh Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  76. "Sixty Eighth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  77. "Sixty Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  78. "Seventieth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  79. "Seventy First Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  80. "Seventy Second Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  81. "Seventy Third Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  82. "Seventy Fourth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  83. "Seventy Fifth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  84. "Seventy Sixth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  85. "Seventy Seventh Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  86. "Seventy Eighth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  87. (1999-10-21). "Seventy Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  88. "Eightieth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  89. (1997-08-29). "Eighty First Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  90. "Eighty Second Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  91. "Eighty Third Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  92. "Eighty Fourth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  93. (2002-01-04). "Eighty Fifth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
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  97. (2003-09-28). "Eighty Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  98. (2004-09-28). "Ninetieth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in.
  99. "Ninety First Amendment (pdf)".
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  104. "Ninety Sixth Amendment (pdf)".
  105. "Ninety Seventh Amendment (pdf)".
  106. (20 July 2021). "SC quashes part of UPA-era constitutional amendment".
  107. "Ninety Seventh Amendment (PIB)".
  108. "Ninety Eighth Third Amendment". [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)]].
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  111. (29 December 2014). "16 States ratified National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill, 2014".
  112. "One Hundredth Amendment".
  113. "One Hundred and First Amendment".
  114. "One Hundred and Second Amendment".
  115. "One Hundred and Third Amendment".
  116. "One Hundred and Fourth Amendment".
  117. (23 January 2020). "Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan".
  118. "The Constitution (One Hundred and fifth amendment) Act 2021". Ministry of Law and Justice.
  119. (11 August 2021). "Lok Sabha clears Bill restoring States' rights to specify OBC groups". The Hindu.
  120. (2023-09-29). "Women's reservation Bill gets President's assent, becomes law".
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