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List of allergens

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This is a list of allergies, which includes the allergen, potential reactions, and a brief description of the cause where applicable.

Allergens

Food

Main article: Food allergy

Name	Potential reaction(s)	Remarks
Balsam of Peru	Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters.	Present in many foods, such as coffee, flavored tea, wine, beer, gin, liqueurs, apéritifs (e.g. vermouth, bitters), soft drinks including cola, juice, citrus, citrus fruit peel, marmalade, tomatoes and tomato-containing products, Mexican and Italian foods with red sauces, ketchup, spices (e.g. cloves, Jamaica pepper (allspice), cinnamon, nutmeg, paprika, curry, anise, and ginger), chili sauce, barbecue sauce, chutney, pickles, pickled vegetables, chocolate, vanilla, baked goods and pastries, pudding, ice cream, chewing gum, and candy.
Buckwheat	Asthma, rhinitis, pruritus, gastrointestinal disturbances, urticaria, angioedema, shock, anaphylaxis	Allergenicity is highest in Japan and Korea. It is estimated that buckwheat causes 5% of all immediate-type allergic reaction cases (from food) in Japan. Hazard extends to inhalation of milled flour particles (aeroallergen). Irrespective of the nomenclature, it is not a wheaten cereal; the name refers to its viability as a pseudocereal. Relating or conflating buckwheat allergy with wheat allergy or Triticeae hypersensitivities should be avoided.
Celery	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, oral allergy syndrome, urticaria, neck or facial swelling, severe asthma symptoms, exercise induced anaphylaxis, potentially fatal anaphylactic shocks	Higher risk of provoking life-threatening reactions compared to most other food allergies. Celery seeds and celeriac are more allergenic than celery stalks. Some individuals become cross-sensitized to other spices and herbs in the parsley family. Prevalence is high among adults in Central Europe. It is estimated that two-fifths of all Swiss food-allergy patients react to celery tubers and nearly a third of severe food allergy reactions in France may be due to celery.
Egg	Anaphylaxis, swelling, sometimes flatulence and vomiting	title=You can have a food allergy, and eat it too	url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131108090233.htm	website=ScienceDaily	access-date=6 September 2020	language=en}} Due to high protein content, egg white allergy is more common than the reverse. The majority of children with this allergy become tolerant by adulthood.
Fish	Respiratory reactions, Anaphylaxis, oral allergy syndrome, sometimes vomiting	One of three allergies to seafood, not to be conflated with allergies to crustaceans and mollusks. People with fish allergies have a 50% likelihood of being cross reactive with another fish species, but some individuals are only allergic to one species, such as; tilapia salmon, or cod. A proper diagnosis is considered complicated due to these cross reactivity between fish species and other seafood allergies. Hazard extends to exposure to cooking vapors or handling.
Fruit	Mild itching, rash, generalized urticaria, oral allergy syndrome, abdominal pain, vomiting, anaphylaxis	Mango, strawberries, banana, avocado, and kiwi are common problems. Severe allergies to tomatoes have also been reported. Stone fruits are highly cross-reactive with one another, as are the rosaceae fruits Reaction to hot peppers, a kind of botanical berry, is another specific type of fruit allergy.
Garlic	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2IwYiyh3YUC&pg=PT305	page=305	title=Dermatology	volume = 2	vauthors = Horn TD	publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences	year=2003	isbn=978-0-323-02578-2 }} rarely anaphylaxis	Very few garlic allergens have been reported, and garlic allergy has been rarely studied. Some garlic-allergic individuals may cross-react with leek, shallot and onion. Garlic that has been heated/cooked is less allergenic than raw garlic.
Oats	Dermatitis, respiratory problems, anaphylaxis	Risk extends to respiratory inhalation. Oat is not a triticeae cereal but it is possible for individuals with gluten-related disorders to be misdiagnosed as having a hypersensitivity to pure oat because cross-contamination is very common in the western world.
Maize	Hives, pallor, confusion, dizziness, stomach pain, swelling, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea, cough, tightness in throat, wheezing, shortness of breath, anaphylaxis	Often a difficult allergy to manage due to the various food products which contain various forms of maize.
Milk	Skin rash, hives, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, flatulence, colitis, nasal congestion, dermatitis, blisters, migraine, anaphylaxis	Not to be confused with lactose intolerance. Allergy to cow's milk is the most common food allergy in infants and young children but most outgrow the allergy in early childhood. Introducing baked cow's milk to allergic patients is associated with accelerated resolution of milk allergy. Some evidence suggests goat's milk has less allergenic potential than cow's milk and reduced risk of allergy development if infants are weaned with goat's milk. Due to adult-onset sensitization it is estimated to be the second most common food allergy in American adults.
Mustard	Eczema, Rash, Hives, Facial swelling, Other skin reactions, Oral allergy syndrome, Conjunctivitis, Wheezing, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Acid Reflux, Dizziness, Asthma, Chest pain, Respiratory problems, Anaphylaxis	Mustard allergy onset is usually in infancy or toddlerhood; it is seemingly very rare but true prevalence can not be established due to several tests producing high rates of false positives. Due to a gradual increase in prevalence and the severity of known reactions it became recognized as the 11th priority allergen by Canada in 2009, and a top 14 priority allergen by the European Union in 2014.
Peanut	Anaphylaxis and swelling, sometimes vomiting	Includes some cold-pressed peanut oils. Distinct from tree nut allergy, as peanuts are legumes. Reactions are often severe or fatal.
Poultry Meat	Hives, swelling of, or under the dermis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe oral allergy syndrome, shortness of breath, rarely anaphylactic shock	Very rare allergies to chicken, turkey, squab, and sometimes more mildly to other avian meats. Not to be confused with secondary reactions of bird-egg syndrome. The genuine allergy has no causal relationship with egg allergy, nor is there any close association with red meat allergy. Prevalence still unknown as of 2016.
Red Meat	Hives, swelling, dermatitis, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, anaphylaxis	Allergies to the sugar carbohydrate found in beef, venison, lamb, and pork called alpha-gal. It is brought on by tick bites. Allergic reaction to pork is an exception, as it may also be caused by pork-cat syndrome instead of alpha-gal allergy.
Rice	Sneezing, runny nose, itching, stomachache, eczema.	People with a rice allergy can be affected by eating rice or breathing in rice steam.
Sesame	url=https://farrp.unl.edu/informallseeds	title=Allergenic Foods and their Allergens, with links to Informall \| FARRP \| Nebraska}}	vauthors = Presnell A	title=Sesame Now the Ninth Most Common Food Allergy in the United States	url=https://www.aaaai.org/about-aaaai/newsroom/news-releases/sesame	website=aaaai	access-date=15 June 2020}} In 2018, the US FDA issued a request for information for the consideration of labeling for sesame to help protect people who have sesame allergies. A decision was reached in November 2020 that food manufacturers voluntarily declare that when powdered sesame seeds are used as a previously unspecified spice or flavor, the label be changed to "spice (sesame)" or "flavor (sesame)". Via congressional act, it was declared that food manufacturers must acknowledge sesame as a priority food allergen by the 2023 deadline.
Shellfish	Respiratory symptoms, Anaphylaxis, oral allergy syndrome, gastrointestinal symptoms, rhinitis, conjunctivitis	url=https://farrp.unl.edu/informallbig8	title=Allergenic Foods and their Allergens, with links to Informall FARRP Nebraska	website=farrp.unl.edu	access-date=2019-12-26}} Sometimes it is conflated with an allergy to molluscan shellfish but complete tolerance to one but not the other is not uncommon. Most usually, a mono-sensitive individual will experience a crustacean allergy alone with tolerance to mollusks, rather than vice versa. The symptoms of an allergic reaction to molluscan shellfish should not be confused with the effects of shellfish poisoning which are a medical reactions that manifest after eating contaminated mollusks from certain areas of the world and lasts for several hours or days after onset.
Soy	Anaphylaxis, asthma exacerbation, rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, hives, atopic dermatitis, swelling of, or under the dermis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting	vauthors = Kattan JD, Cocco RR, Järvinen KM	title = Milk and soy allergy	journal = Pediatric Clinics of North America	volume = 58	issue = 2	pages = 407–26, x	date = April 2011	pmid = 21453810	pmc = 3070118	doi = 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.02.005 }}
Sulfites	Hives, rash, redness of skin, headache (particular frontal), burning behind eyes, asthma-like breathing difficulties, anaphylaxis	Sulfites (also spelled "sulphites") are used as a preserving agents in many different foods, such as raisins, dried peaches, various other dried fruit, canned or frozen fruits and vegetables, wines, vinegars and processed meats. Allergy appears to be very rare in the general population but it is still often considered to be one of the top 10 food allergies. It is debated whether reaction to sulfites is a true allergy.
Tartrazine	Skin irritation, hives, rash	A synthetic food dye used in processed foods like confections, soft drinks, flavoring syrups, condiments and convenience foods in order to create a potent yellow or bright green coloring. Prevalence of allergenicity is unclear but it is the most likely azo dye to cause hypersensitivity and reactions may occur from ingestion or skin contact. It is possible for some individuals to become desensitized. There is no strong evidence suggesting that tartrazine can cause hypersensitivity or intolerance in non-allergic individuals.
Tree nut	Anaphylaxis, swelling, rash, hives, sometimes vomiting	Hazard extends to exposure to cooking vapors, or handling. Distinct from peanut allergy, as peanuts are legumes.
Wheat	Eczema (atopic dermatitis), Hives, asthma, "baker's asthma", hay fever, oral allergy syndrome, angioedema, abdominal cramps, Celiac disease, diarrhea, temporary (3 or 4 day) mental incompetence, anemia, nausea, vomiting and exercise induced anaphylaxis	title=Prevalence of wheat allergy	url=https://www.drschaer.com/uk/institute/a/epidemiology-wheat-allergy	website=www.drschaer.com	access-date=10 March 2021	language=en}} The allergy does not commonly persist into adolescence. Gluten-free foods are safer for wheat allergic patients but they still may theoretically contain wheat's other allergenic proteins. Wheat allergy symptoms should not be confused with celiac disease, gluten ataxia or non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). While wheat allergies are "true" allergies, celiac disease and gluten ataxia are an autoimmune diseases. NCGS is more similar to food intolerances but as of 2021 its pathogenesis is still not well understood.

Medical

Main article: Drug allergy

Name	Possible reaction(s)	Remarks
Balsam of Peru	Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters.	Present in many drugs, such as hemorrhoid suppositories and ointment (e.g. Anusol), cough medicine/suppressant and lozenges, diaper rash ointments, oral and lip ointments, tincture of benzoin, wound spray (it has been reported to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as the common ulcer-causing bacteria H. pylori in test-tube studies), calamine lotion, surgical dressings, dental cement, eugenol used by dentists, some periodontal impression materials, and in the treatment of dry socket in dentistry.
Tetracycline	Many, including: severe headache, dizziness, blurred vision, fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, severe blistering, peeling, dark colored urine
Dilantin	Many, including: swollen glands, easy bruising or bleeding, fever, sore throat
Tegretol (carbamazepine)	Shortness of breath, wheezing or difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue etc., hives
Penicillin	Diarrhea, hypersensitivity, nausea, rash, neurotoxicity, urticaria
Cephalosporins	Maculopapular or morbilliform skin eruption, and less commonly urticaria, eosinophilia, serum-sickness–like reactions, and anaphylaxis.
Sulfonamides	Urinary tract disorders, haemopoietic disorders, porphyria and hypersensitivity reactions, Stevens–Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (cromolyn sodium, nedocromil sodium, etc.)	Many, including: swollen eyes, lips, or tongue, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate
Intravenous contrast dye	Anaphylactoid reactions and contrast-induced nephropathy
Local anesthetics	Urticaria and rash, dyspnea, wheezing, flushing, cyanosis, tachycardia

Environmental

Main article: Allergy#Other environmental factors

Name	Possible reaction(s)	Remarks
Balsam of Peru	Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters.	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrreTHuo54wC&q=balsam+of+peru+allergy&pg=PA352	title=Biocompatibility of Dental Materials	vauthors = Schmalz G, Bindslev DA	publisher= Springer	date= 2008	access-date=March 5, 2014	isbn=9783540777823 }}
Pollen	Sneezing, body ache, headache (in rare cases, extremely painful cluster headaches may occur due to allergic sinusitis; these may leave a temporary time period of 1 and a half to 2 days with eye sensitivity), allergic conjunctivitis (includes watery, red, swelled, itchy, and irritating eyes), runny nose, irritation of the nose, nasal congestion, minor fatigue, chest pain and discomfort, coughing, sore throat, facial discomfort (feeling of stuffed face) due to allergic sinusitis, possible asthma attack, wheezing
Cat	Sneezing, itchy swollen eyes, rash, congestion, wheezing
dogs Dog	Rash, sneezing, congestion, wheezing, vomiting from coughing, Sometimes itchy welts.	Caused by dander, saliva or urine of dogs, or by dust, pollen or other allergens that have been carried on the fur. Allergy to dogs is present in as much as 10 percent of the population.
Insect sting	Hives, wheezing, possible anaphylaxis	Possible from bee or wasp stings, or bites from mosquitoes or flies like Leptoconops torrens.
Mold	Sneeze, coughing, itchy, discharge from the nose, respiratory irritation, congested feeling, joint aches, headaches, fatigue
Perfume	Itchy eyes, runny nose, sore throat, headaches, muscle/joint pain, asthma attack, wheezing, chest pain, blisters
Cosmetics	Contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, inflammation, redness, conjunctivitis, sneezing
Semen	Burning, pain and swelling, possibly for days, swelling or blisters, vaginal redness, fever, runny nose, extreme fatigue	In a case study in Switzerland, a woman who was allergic to Balsam of Peru was allergic to her boyfriend's semen following intercourse, after he drank large amounts of Coca-Cola.
Latex	Contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity
Water (see note)	Epidermal itching, swelling of the oral cavity after drinking water, anaphylaxis (in severe cases)	Strictly aquagenic pruritus or aquagenic urticaria, but cold water may also cause cold urticaria
Cold stimuli	Hives, itching	Known as cold urticaria
vauthors = Basagaña X, Sunyer J, Kogevinas M, Zock JP, Duran-Tauleria E, Jarvis D, Burney P, Anto JM	display-authors = 6	title = Socioeconomic status and asthma prevalence in young adults: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey	journal = American Journal of Epidemiology	volume = 160	issue = 2	pages = 178–188	date = July 2004	pmid = 15234940	doi = 10.1093/aje/kwh186	doi-access = free }}	Asthma	Home allergen reduction may be recommended
Nickel (nickel sulfate hexahydrate)	Allergic contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema
Gold (gold sodium thiosulfate)	Allergic contact dermatitis
Chromium	Allergic contact dermatitis
Cobalt chloride	Allergic contact dermatitis
Formaldehyde	Allergic contact dermatitis
Photographic developers	Allergic contact dermatitis
Fungicide	Allergic contact dermatitis, fever, anaphylaxis

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Contact

Many substances can cause an allergic reaction when in contact with the human integumentary system.

Allergen	Source	Cross reacts with	Clinical presentation
Dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA)	Found within cocamidopropyl betaine in liquid soaps and shampoos		Eyelid dermatitis
LatexRisk factors for reaction to latex include spina bifida, family history of allergy to latex, or a personal history of allergies, asthma, or eczema		Avocado
Banana
Chestnut
Kiwi
Passion fruit
Peach
Mango
Pineapple
Fig
Cantaloupe
Apple
Papaya
Ethylene-ripened fruits
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD)	Black hair dye
Color developer
Scuba gear
HennaParaphenylenediamine may be added to henna but is not found in pure henna.	Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
Azo dyes
Sulfonamides
Sulfonylureas
Thiazides
Ester anesthetics
Glyceryl monothioglycolate	Permanent hair waving solutions
Tosylamide/formaldehyde resin (TSFR)	Nail polish		Eyelid dermatitis
p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR)	Adhesive in craft glues and commercial leather and rubber products		Foot dermatitis

References

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