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List of aircraft upset factors

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The U.S. FAA lists factors of aircraft upset in the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid as follows:

  • Turbulence causes:
    • Clear air turbulence
    • Mountain wave turbulence
    • Windshear
    • Thunderstorms
    • Microbursts
    • Wake turbulence
    • Aircraft icing
  • Systems anomalies:
    • Flight instruments
    • Autoflight systems
    • Flight control and other anomalies
  • Pilot-Induced
    • Instrument cross-check
    • Adjusting attitude and power
    • Inattention
    • Distraction from primary cockpit duties
    • Vertigo or spatial disorientation
    • Pilot incapacitation
    • Improper use of airplane automation
    • Pilot techniques
    • Pilot induced oscillation avoidance and recovery
  • Combination causes:
    • Swept-wing airplane fundamentals for pilots
    • Flight dynamics
    • Energy states
    • Load factor (flight mechanics)
    • Aerodynamic flight envelope
  • Aerodynamic causes:
    • Angle of attack and stall
    • Camber
    • Control surface fundamentals
    • Spoiler-type devices
    • Trim
    • Lateral and directional aerodynamic considerations
    • Angle of sideslip
    • Wing dihedral effects
    • Pilot-commanded sideslip
    • Crossover speed
    • Static stability
    • Maneuvering in pitch
    • Mechanics of turning flight
    • Lateral and directional maneuvering
    • Flight at extremely low airspeeds
    • High-altitude factors
    • Stall
    • icing
    • Automation during high-altitude flight
    • Primary flight display airspeed indications
    • Human factors and high altitude upsets
  • Additional considerations:
    • Multi-engine flame out
    • Core lock
    • Engine rollback
    • Flight at extremely high speeds
    • Defensive, aggressive maneuvers
    • Situation awareness
    • Startle factor
    • Negative G-force
    • Use of full control inputs
    • Counter-intuitive factors
    • Previous training in non-similar airplanes
    • Engine performance in upset situation
    • Post-upset conditions

References

References

  1. https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/media/AP_UpsetRecovery_Book.pdf U.S. FAA Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid, Revision 2, 443 pages, 25.8 M
  2. Note: Partial text copied from referenced FAA or NASA document. As a public work of the U.S. Government, the document is in the public domain and has no copyright.
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