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List of active separatist movements in Asia

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List of active separatist movements in Asia

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This is a list of active separatist movements in Asia. Separatism can include autonomism and secessionism, despite the fact that independence is the primary goal of many separatist movements. Many separatist movements arise as a result of religious, racial, social, and cultural disparities between certain peoples and the majority or ruling class in a country.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

  • De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. (Excluding Uncontacted peoples)
  • Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
  • Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
    • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
    • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
    • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
    • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
    • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
    • Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Afghanistan

The region of [[Afghan Turkestan

South Turkestan

  • Ethnic group: Uyghurs, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Turkmens, and other Turkic peoples
    • Proposed state: Flag_of_South_Turkestan-Afghanistan_Turks.svg Southern Turkestan
    • Militant organisations: Flag_of_South_Turkestan-Afghanistan_Turks.svg Turkestan Freedom Tigers

Hazarajat/Hazaristan

  • Ethnic group: Hazara people
    • Proposed: self determination for Hazarajat
    • Political party: Hazarajat freedom movement

Azerbaijan

Territory of the former Azerbaijan SSR Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast Main article: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

  • People: Armenians in Azerbaijan
    • Proposed state: Artsakh or unification with Armenia
      • Political organisation: National Assembly
Azerbaijan districts claimed by Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

Territory of the short-lived [[File:Flag of Talysh.svg|22px|border]] Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

  • People: Talysh people
    • Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan or independence or unification with Caspia.
      • Political organisation: Talysh National Movement
      • Government in exile: [[File:Flag of Talysh.svg|22px|border]] Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

Lezgistan

  • Ethnic group: Lezgins
    • Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Lezgian flag.svg Lezgistan or unification with Dagestan
    • Political organisation: [[File:Lezgin flag sadval.png|frameless|24x24px]] Sadval movement, Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy

Nij & Oğuz

  • Ethnic group: Udis
    • Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Флаг_удин.png Udia or Caucasian Albania or unification with Dagestan

Guba-Khachmaz

  • Ethnic group: Tats
    • Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Ethnic flag of Tat people (Caucasus).svg Tatistan

Bangladesh

Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh
url=https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/11/23/bangladesh-countering-separatism-and-militancy-for-ensuring-peace-and-stability-in-the-region/}}</ref>

Main article: Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict

  • Ethnic group: Jumma people
    • Proposed: Autonomy for the Chittagong Hill Tracts
    • Political parties: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, United People's Democratic Front
  • Ethnic group: Kuki
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of the Kuki people.svg|22px|border]] Zale'n-gam
    • Militant organisation: Kuki National Army, Kuki-Chin National Front
    • Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

Flag of Zomi Re-unification Organisation.svg Zogam (Parts of Chittagong hill tracts)

  • Ethnic group: Zomi
    • Proposed state: Flag of Zomi Re-unification Organisation.svg Zogam
    • Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

Bandarban district

  • Ethnic group: Mro people
    • Proposed: autonomy for the Mro people

Sylhet Division

  • Ethnic group: Khasi people
    • Proposed: autonomy for the Khasi people in Sylhet Division

China

Main article: Secession in China

East Turkestan Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Main article: East Turkestan independence movement, Uyghur nationalism, Xinjiang conflict

  • Ethnic group: Uyghurs
    • Proposed state: East Turkestan East Turkestan
    • Government-in-exile: East Turkistan Government-in-Exile
    • Militant organizations: Turkistan Islamic Party, East Turkestan Liberation Organization
    • Advocacy group: World Uyghur Congress, Campaign For Uyghurs, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement

Hong Kong Hong Kong Main article: Hong Kong independence, Sino-British Joint Declaration

  • Ethnic group: Han Chinese of Hong Kong
    • Proposed state: Hong Kong Hong Kong or reunification with the United Kingdom as an [[File:Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997).svg|frameless|25x25px]] Overseas Territory
    • Political parties: Youngspiration, Hong Kong Indigenous, Hong Kong National Party, Alliance of Resuming British Sovereignty over Hong Kong and Independence, Hong Kong Independence Party

Tibet Tibet Main article: Tibetan independence movement

  • Ethnic group: Tibetan people
    • Proposed state: Tibet Tibet (includes all of Xizang and parts of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, and Yunnan)
    • Government-in-exile: Central Tibetan Administration
    • Advocacy groups: Tibetan Youth Congress, International Tibet Independence Movement

Minor movements

  • [[File:Proposed National Flag of Shanghai.svg|frameless|27x27px]] Shanghainese nationalism
  • Great Cantonia Flag.svg Cantonese nationalism
  • Flag of the Inner Mongolian People's Party.svg Inner Mongolian independence movement
  • Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg Manchuria Independence Movement
  • [[File:Flag_of_Macau.svg|frameless|27x27px]] Macau Independence Movement
  • Komland Independence Movement
  • Yuyencia independence movement
  • Guangxi independece movement
  • Yunnan independence movement
  • Chahar Province independence movement
  • Zhejiang independence movement
  • Jiangsu independence movement
  • Hunan independence movement
  • Shandong independence movement
  • Ningxia Independence movement

Georgia

Main article: Russo-Georgian war

Territory of the former Flag of the Abkhaz ASSR.svg Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Main article: Abkhaz–Georgian conflict

  • Ethnic group: Abkhazians
    • De facto state: Abkhazia (recognized by 5 UN members)
      • Political organization: Government of Abkhazia
      • Militant organization: Abkhazian Armed Forces

Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast Main article: Ossetian–Georgian conflict

  • People: Ossetians
    • De facto state: South Ossetia (recognized by 5 UN members)
    • Proposition: Recognition of South Ossetia as an independent state or unification with Russia or unification with North Ossetia to form a united independent Ossetia
      • Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
      • Militant organisation: Armed Forces of South Ossetia

Javakheti

  • Ethnic group: Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti
    • Proposed: Autonomy for the region Flag of Javakhk.svg Javakhk (Javakheti) or unification with Armenia
    • Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance

Flag of Adjara.svg Adjara

  • Ethnic group: Adjarians
    • Proposed: Autonomy for Flag of Adjara.svg Adjara
    • Political Party: Adjara Party

India

Main article: Separatist movements of India, Autonomous administrative divisions of India, Northeast India

;Separatist movements Assam Main article: Assamese nationalism

  • Proposed state: Assam
    • Ethnic group: Assamese people
    • Militant organizations: [[File:Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px|border]] United Liberation Front of Asom

Nagaland Main article: Naga nationalism

  • Proposed state: [[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|22px|border]] Nagalim
    • Ethnic group: Naga people
    • Militant organization: [[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|22px|border]] National Socialist Council of Nagaland

Kashmir

  • Proposed: independence or autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir from India or unification with [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|border|22px]] Pakistan
    • Ethnic group: Kashmiris
    • Political organizations: All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen
    • Political parties (autonomy): Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference, Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party, Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
    • Militant organizations: Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizbul Mujahideen, Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg Jaish-e-Mohammed, Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front flag.svg Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front

Kamtapur

  • Proposed state: Kamtapur or becoming a state of India
    • Ethnic group: Rajbanshi people
    • Political parties (statehood): Kamtapur People's Party
    • Militant organization: [[File:Flag of the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation.png|22px|border]] Kamtapur Liberation Organisation Kukiland
  • Proposed state: Zale'n-gam
    • Ethnic group: [[File:Flag of the Kuki people.svg|26x26px|border]] Kuki, Bnei Menashe
    • Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
    • Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

Manipur

Main article: Meitei nationalism

  • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Kangleipak.svg|border|22px]] Manipur
    • Ethnic groups: Meitei, Pangal, Naga
    • Government-in-exile: Manipur State Council
    • Militant organizations: [[File:Bandera UNLF.svg|22px|border]] United National Liberation Front, [[File:Bandera FPRM Manipur.svg|22px|border]] People's Liberation Army of Manipur, [[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg|22px|border]] Kangleipak Communist Party, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak, Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup, [[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg|22px|border]] Maoist Communist Party of Manipur

Meghalaya Main article: Insurgency in Meghalaya

  • Proposed state: Meghalaya
    • Ethnic groups: Khasi people, Pnar people
    • Militant organization: Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council
    • Advocacy group: [[File:Seng-Khasi.png|frameless|25x25px]] Seng Khasi Movement

Mizoram

  • Proposed state: [[File:Bandera de Mizoram.svg|22px|border]] Mizoram
  • Ethnic group: Mizo people
    • Political parties: Mizo National Front, Zoram People's Movement, Hmar People's Convention

Flag of Zomi Re-unification Organisation.svg Zogam (In India the claimed territories are: Barak Valley, Tripura, East Jaintia Hills, Dima Hasao district and Karbi Anglong district of Assam)

  • Ethnic group: Zomi
    • Proposed state: Flag of Zomi Re-unification Organisation.svg Zogam
    • Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

Punjab, India

  • Proposed state: [[File:Flag-of-Khalistan.svg|border|21x21px]] Khalistan
    • Ethnic group: Punjabis
    • Political organizations: Dal Khalsa, Sikhs for Justice, Waris Punjab De
    • Political parties: Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De), Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
    • Militant organizations: Babbar Khalsa, Khalistan Commando Force, Khalistan Liberation Force, Khalistan Zindabad Force, Khalistan Tiger Force, ISYF, AISSF

Sikkim

Ethnic groups: Drejongpas, Lepcha

  • Proposed state: Flag_of_Sikkim_(1967-1975).svg Kingdom of Sikkim
  • Political party: Sikkim Krantikari Morcha Tripura
  • Proposed state: Tipraland
    • Ethnic group: Tripuri people
    • Political parties: Flag of Tripura.jpg Tipra Motha Party, Tipraland State Party, INPT-flag.svg Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra
    • Militant organisation: Flag of the National Liberation Front of Tripura.svg National Liberation Front of Tripura, All Tripura Tiger Force

Arunachal Pradesh

  • Ethnic group: Tani people
    • Proposed: creation of Taniland
    • Militant organization: National Socialist Council for Taniland, United Tani Army Jharkhand

Ethnic group: Adivasi

  • Proposed: Independent Jharkhand
  • Political Parties: Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha_flag.svgJharkhand Mukti Morcha Autonomist or statehood movements Main article: Proposed states and union territories of India

Rabha Hasong

  • State or extended autonomous area: [[File:Flag of Rabhaland.svg|frameless|26x26px]] Rabha Hasong
    • Ethnic group: Rabha people
    • Militant organizations: Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch, Rabha Vipers Army (RVA), Rabha National Liberation Army, Rabha Jatiya Mukti Bahini (RJMB)

Gorkhaland

  • Ethnic group: Indian Gorkhas
    • Proposal: creation of a separate autonomous Gorkhaland state within India
    • Political movement: [[File:GreenWhiteYellowFlag.svg|frameless|18x18px]] Gorkhaland movement
    • Political parties: [[File:Flag of Gurkhaland.svg|frameless|26x26px]] Gorkha National Liberation Front, [[File:All India Gorkha League.png|frameless|26x26px]] Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha Ladakh
  • Ethnic group: Ladakhis
    • Proposed autonomous region: Flag of the Ladakh Nationalist Movement.svg Ladakh Garo Hills
  • Ethnic group: [[File:In garoland.svg|frameless|21x21px]] Garo people
    • Proposal: making the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council into an autonomous state of India
    • Political party: Garo National Council

Bundelkhand

  • Ethnic group: Bundelkhandi

    • Proposal: making the region of Bundelkhand into a state of India
    • Political party: Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha Vidarbha Main article: Vidarbha movement

  • Ethnic group: Marathi people

    • Proposal: separation of Vidarbha from the state of Maharashtra
    • Political party: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti Goa

  • Ethnic group: Goans

    • Proposed autonomous region: Goa
    • Political party: Niz Goenkar Revolution Front

Jammu region

  • Ethnic group: Dogri people
    • Proposal: separation of the [[File:Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|frameless|24x24px]]Jammu region from Jammu and Kashmir as a separate state within india
    • Political party: Ikkjutt Jammu Bodoland
  • Ethnic group: Bodo people
    • Proposal: statehood for [[File:Bandera Bodoland.svg|frameless|23x23px]]Bodoland
    • Political party: [[File:Front Nacional Democratic Bodoland.svg|frameless|25x25px]] Bodo National Students Union Rayalaseema
  • Ethnic group: Telugu people
    • Proposed: turning Rayalaseema into a state of India
    • Political party: Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi

Bhil Pradesh

  • Ethnic group: Bhil people
    • Proposed: creation of Bhil Pradesh as a state of India Kosi-Seemanchal
  • Ethnic group: Maithils
    • Proposed: creation of a Seemanchal state in India Kodagu district
  • Ethnic group: Kodava people
    • Proposed: autonomy for Kodagu district
    • Political party: Codava National Council

Barak Valley

  • Ethnic group: Bengalis
    • Proposed: creation of a Barak Valley state within India
    • Political party: Barak Democratic Front

Indonesia

Main article: Separatism in Indonesia

Map of native ethnic groups of Indonesia. Foreign ethnic groups are not shown.

Aceh

  • Ethnic group: Acehnese
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Free Aceh Movement.svg|border|23px]] Aceh
    • Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement (negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters)
    • Advocacy group: Aceh–Sumatra National Liberation Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) Bali
  • Ethnic group: Balinese
    • Proposed autonomous area or state: [[File:Flag of Balinese.png|border|23px]] Bali
    • Advocacy group: Bali Government, ForBALI Banten and West Java
  • Ethnic group: Sundanese
    • Proposed autonomous area or state: [[File:Free Pasundan Movement (variation).png|border|23px]] Pasundan
    • Advocacy group: Free Pasundan Movement Kalimantan
  • Ethnic group: Dayaks
    • Proposed autonomous area or state: [[File:Gerakan Kalimantan Merdeka.jpg|border|23px]] Kalimantan Maluku
  • Ethnic group: Moluccans
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of South Moluccas.svg|border|23px]] South Maluku
    • Government-in-exile: Republic of South Maluku (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
    • Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front Minahasa Peninsula
  • Ethnic group: Minahasan
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of the Minahasan People.svg|border|23px]] Greater Minahasa
    • Advocacy group: Free Minahasa Movement Riau
  • Ethnic group: Riau Malays
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Riau Independists.svg|border|23px]] Riau or unification with Malaysia
    • Advocacy group: Free Riau Movement Sumbawa
  • Ethnic group: Sumbawan
    • Proposed autonomous area: [[File:Bendera Kesultanan Sumbawa.png|border|23px]] Sumbawa

Iran

Main article: Separatism in Iran

Khūzestān Province

  • Ethnic group: Khuzestani Arabs
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Arabistan.svg|22px|border]] Al-Ahwaz
    • Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation, Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz
    • Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

Iranian Kurdistan

  • Ethnic groups: Kurds
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|22px|border]] Kurdistan
    • Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
    • Militant organisations: Kurdistan Free Life Party, Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan

Iranian Azerbaijan

  • Ethnic groups: Iranian Azerbaijanis
    • Proposed state: Flag of South Azerbaijan.svgFlag of South Azerbaijan (variant Elchibey).svg South Azerbaijan or unification with Azerbaijan
    • Advocacy group: South Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement, Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization Turkemenshara

Sistan and Baluchestan

  • Ethnic group: Balochis
    • Proposed state: [[File:BRA flag.jpg|border|22x22px]] Balochistan in Sistan and Baluchestan province with Pakistani Balochistan and Baloch majority territories in Southern Afghanistan
    • Militant organisations: Jundallah (until 2011). Flag of Jaish al-Adl.svg Jaish ul-Adl, Flag of the People's Fighters Front.svg People's Fighters Front, Flag of Jihad.svg Ansar Al-Furqan, Balochistan flag.svg Balochistan Liberation Army, Balochistan Flag.png Balochistan Liberation Front

Iraq

[[Iraqi Kurdistan

Proposed state: Kurdistan

  • Ethnic group: Kurds
  • Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Iraqi Kurdistan
    • Political parties: Kurdistan Independence Movement, Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
    • Militant organisation: Peshmerga

Assyria

  • Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains
    • Ethnic group: Assyrians, Christians in Iraq, Mandaeans
      • Proposed state: Assyria
      • Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Universal Alliance (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Assyria Liberation Party
      • Militant organisation: Nineveh Plain Protection Units
      • Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
  • Proposed autonomous area: Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region
    • Ethnic groups: Assyrians, Turkmen, Yazidis
      • Political parties: Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Yazidi Independent Supreme Council and the Al-Rafidain Organization

Proposed state: Basra

  • Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: [[File:Flag of Basra Governorate.svg|frameless|39x39px]]Basra Governorate
    • Proposal: Basra has proposed uniting with the Dhi Qar and Maysan governorates as an autonomous region or total independence

Flag of the Iraqi Turkmen Front.svg Turkmeneli

  • Ethnic group: Iraqi Turkmen
    • Proposed autonomous region or state: Flag of the Iraqi Turkmen Front.svg Turkmeneli
    • Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

Sinjar District

  • Ethnic group: Yazidis
    • Proposal: autonomy for the Sinjar region, including the Sinjar Mountains
    • Political parties: [[File:Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress flag.svg|frameless|27x27px]] Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Sinjar Alliance

Sunnis in Iraq

  • Religious group: Sunnis
    • Proposed: creation of a autonomous Sunni region within Iraq

Al-Zubair District

  • Proposed: elevating in the Al-Zubair District into a province

South Iraq

  • Religious group: Shiites
    • Proposed: autonomy for south Iraq

Japan

Okinawa
  • Ethnic group: Ryukyuan
    • Proposed state or autonomous area: [[File:Ryukyu independence flag.svg|22px|border]][[File:USCAR flag of the Ryukyu Islands, 1954 (unofficial).svg|22px|border]][[File:Fictional Flag of Ryukyu.svg|22px|border]][[File:Flag of the Okinawa Civilian Administration.svg|22px|border]] Republic of Ryukyu or Ryukyu Kingdom
    • Political parties: Kariyushi Club, formerly Ryūkyū Independence Party
    • Political groups: Ryukyu independence movement
    • Note: The supporters of the movement want the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct Ryukyu Kingdom until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu.

Kansai region

  • Ethnic group: Japanese people
    • Proposed: autonomy for Kansai region
    • Political party: Union of Kansai Governments

Kyushu

  • Ethnic group: Japanese people
    • Proposed: creation of a Kyushu Prefecture

Kazakhstan

thumb|280px|Map of North Kazakhstan

North Kazakhstan Region and other ethnic Russian parts of Kazakhstan

  • ethnic group: Russians in Kazakhstan
    • proposed: independence for the Russians in Kazakhstan

Mangystau Region

  • Ethnic group: Kazakhs
    • Proposed state: Adaistan

Kyzylorda Region

  • Ethnic group: Koryo-saram
    • Proposed: autonomy for the Koryo-saram

Kyrgyzstan

Osh Region and Batken Region

  • Ethnic group: Uzbeks
    • Proposed state: Osh

Laos

Northern Laos

  • Ethnic group: Hmong people
    • Proposed state or autonomous area: [[File:Hmong Flag (UNPO).svg|frameless|22x22px]] ChaoFa Hmong
    • Organization: Congress of World Hmong People

Malaysia

Main article: States and federal territories of Malaysia, Divisions of Malaysia, Districts of Malaysia

Johor

  • Ethnic groups: Johor Malays and Johoreans
    • proposed state: Johor Sabah Sabah
  • Ethnic groups: Chinese and indigenous people, (See Demographics of Sabah)
  • Proposed state: Sabah Sabah
    • Advocacy groups: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM) Sarawak Sarawak
  • Ethnic groups: Chinese and indigenous people, (See Demographics of Sarawak)
  • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of the Raj of Sarawak (1870).svg|22px|border]]Sarawak Sarawak
    • Advocacy groups: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak For Sarawakian Big Team (S4S Big Team), Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations (SAPA), Sarawak Sovereignty Movement, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM), Sarawak Liberation Movement
    • Political parties: Parti Bumi Kenyalang

Myanmar

Ethnolinguistic groups of Myanmar.
Arakan
  • Ethnic group: Rakhine
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Rakhine.svg|22px|border]] Arakan State
    • Advocacy groups: Arakan Independence Alliance
    • Militant organizations: Arakan Army (Kachin State), Arakan Army (Kayin State)
  • Ethnic group: Chin
  • De Facto State: [[File:Flag_of_the_Chin_National_Front.svg|22px|border]] Chinland
  • Political Party: Chin National Front
    • Militant organisation: Chin National Army (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

Flag of Kachin State.svg Kachin Main article: Kachin conflict

  • ethnic group: Kachin
    • proposed state: Flag of Kachin State (1945–1974).svg Kachin
    • militant organization: Kachin Independence Army
  • Ethnic group: Karen
    • Proposed state: Kawthoolei [[File:Flag of the Karen National Union.svg|22px|border]]
    • Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army
    • Advocacy group: Karen National Union
Karenni
  • Ethnic group: Karenni
    • Proposed state: Kayah State [[File:Flag of Kayah State.svg|22px|border]]
    • Militant organisation: Karenni Army
    • Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
    • Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government
  • Ethnic group: Kokang people (ethnic Han Chinese)
    • Proposed state: Kokang [[File:Flag of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army.svg|frameless|26x26px]]
    • Militant organisation: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
  • Ethnic group: Mon
    • Proposed state: Mon State, Monland [[File:Flag of Mon State (2018).svg|22px|border]] [[File:New Mon State Party flag.svg|22x20px|border]]
    • Political party: New Mon State Party

Nagaland Main article: Naga nationalism

  • Proposed state: [[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|22px|border]] Nagalim
    • Ethnic group: Naga people
    • Militant organization: [[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|22px|border]] National Socialist Council of Nagaland
  • Ethnic group: Rohingya
    • Militant organisation: Arakan Rohingya Army, Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, Rohingya Solidarity Organization
    • Advocacy groups: Arakan Rohingya National Organisation, Rohingya National Council
  • Ethnic group: Shan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
    • Proposed state: Shan Republic [[File:Flag of the Shan State.svg|22px|border]]
    • Political party: Shan Democratic Union
    • Militant organisation: Shan State Army
    • Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State
    • Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States

Pa'O

  • Proposed state:[[File:Flag of the Pa-O National Organisation.svg|frameless|27x27px]] Pa'O Self-Administered Zone
    • Ethnic group: Pa'O
    • Militant organisation: [[File:Flag of the Pa-O National Organisation.svg|frameless|27x27px]] Pa-O National Liberation Army

Palaung

  • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army.svg|frameless|26x26px]] Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone
    • Ethnic group: Palaung
    • Militant organisation: [[File:Flag of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army.svg|frameless|26x26px]] Palaung State Liberation Army
date = 10 June 2019}}</ref>
  • Ethnic group: Wa
    • Proposed/de facto State: Wa State [[File:United Wa State Army flag.png|frameless|22x22px]]
    • Political party: [[File:Flag of the United Wa State Party.svg|frameless|22x22px]] United Wa State Party
    • Militant organisation: [[File:United Wa State Army flag.png|frameless|22x22px]] United Wa State Army
  • Ethnic group: Kuki
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of the Kuki people.svg|22px|border]] Zale'n-gam
    • Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
    • Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

Flag of Zomi Re-unification Organisation.svg Zogam

  • Ethnic group: Zomi
    • Proposed state: Flag of Zomi Re-unification Organisation.svg Zogam
    • Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

Shanni

  • Ethnic group: Shanni
    • Proposed: self determination for the Shanni
    • Political party: Shanni Nationalities Army

Magway Region

  • Ethnic group: Bamar people
    • Proposed: autonomy for the Bamar people in a federal Myanmar
    • Militant organization: Bamar People's Liberation Army

Danu Self-Administered Zone

  • Ethnic group: Danu people
    • Proposed: greater self rule for Danu Self-Administered Zone
    • Militant organization: Danu People's Liberation Army

Lahu people

  • Ethnic group: Lahu people
    • Proposed: self determination for Lahu people
    • Political party/militant organization: Lahu Democratic Union

Kayan people

  • Ethnic group: Kayan people
    • Proposed: autonomy for the Kayan people
    • Militant organization: Kayan National Army

Daai Chin

  • Ethnic group: Daai Chin
    • Proposed: autonomy for the Daai Chin
    • Advocacy group: Daai regional council

Nepal

  • Ethnic group: Kiratis
    • Proposed state: [[File:Kirat Flag Danesh Rai.svg|border|22px]] Kirat
    • Political party: Kirat Janabadi Workers Party
Madhesh
  • Ethnic group: Madhesi peoples (including Maithils, Bhojpuris and Tharus).
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party.svg|frameless|24x24px]] Madhesh
    • Militant organisations: Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, Madhesh Mukti Tigers (MMT), Tharuwan National Liberation Front (TNLF)
    • Advocacy group: Alliance for Independent Madhesh, Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party, Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (2007), Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party

Tharuhat

  • Ethnic group: Tharu people
    • Proposed: autonomy for Tharuhat

Kathmandu Valley

  • Ethnic group: Newar people
    • Proposed: creation of an autonomous Newar autonomous region
    • Political party: Newa Rastriya Mukti Morcha

Pakistan

Main article: Separatist movements of Pakistan

Flag of Azad Kashmir.svg Azad Kashmir

  • Proposed: secession of Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front flag.svg Kashmir from Pakistan
    • Ethnic groups: Kashmiri Muslims, Kashmiris
    • Political party: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front flag.svg Azad Kashmir Plebiscite Front
    • Student organization: Jammu Kashmir Student Liberation Front
    • Militant organisation: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front flag.svg Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (until 2019)

Gilgit Baltistan Main article: Balawaristan

  • Proposed: autonomy for Gilgit-Baltistan and declaration as the fifth province of Pakistan or succession into Flag of Balawaristan.jpg Balawaristan
    • Ethnic groups: Baltis, Shins
    • Political party: Flag of Balawaristan.jpg Balawaristan National Front (Pro-Independence, defunct) and Flag of Balawaristan.svg Balawaristan National Front (Naji) (Pro-Autonomy, active)
url=https://www.indiatimes.com/explainers/news/a-brief-history-of-balochistans-separatist-movement-568074.html}}</ref>

Main article: Baloch Nationalism, Insurgency in Balochistan

  • Ethnic group: Balochis
    • Proposed state: [[File:Balochistan Flag.svg|22px|border]] Balochistan along with Sistan and Baluchestan of Iran and some parts of Afghanistan
    • Political parties: Baloch National Movement, , Balochistan Flag.svg Baloch Republican Party (autonomy and rights only), Free Balochistan Movement (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
    • Student organization: Baloch Students Organization (inactive)
    • Militant organisations: Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar coalition (2018–present), Balochistan flag.svg Baloch Liberation Army (2005–present), Balochistan Flag.png Baloch Liberation Front (1963–1977, 2000–present), Flag of Jaish al-Adl.svg Jaysh al-Adl and Flag of Balochistan.png Other groups.
access-date=15 November 2019}}</ref>

Main article: Sindhi nationalism, Sindhudesh movement

  • Ethnic group: Sindhis
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Sindhudesh.svg|22px|border]] Sindhudesh
    • Political parties: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz, Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz, Sindh United Party
    • Student organization: Jeay Sindh Studdents' Federation
    • Militant organization: Sindudesh flag.jpg Sindhudesh Liberation Army, Sindudesh flag.jpg Sindhudesh People's Army and Sindudesh flag.jpg Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army

Flag of Punjab.svg Punjab Main article: Saraikistan province movement

  • Proposed: Southern Punjab be separated into a separate province called Saraikistan in the Saraiki-speaking areas
    • Ethnic group: Saraikis
    • Political party: Saraikistan Qaumi Council, Flag of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.svg Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, PMLN 2021 Flag.png Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), and Flagge der Pakistanischen Volkspartei.svg Pakistan People's Party

Flag of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.svg Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Main article: Pashtun nationalism, Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

  • Ethnic group: Pashtuns
    • Proposition: Advocating for the regional autonomy and increased Pashtun cultural expression or an independent state called Flag_of_Pakhtunistan.svg Pashtunistan consisting of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and North Balochistan or accession with Afghanistan
    • Political party: Awami National Party flag.svg Awami National Party (autonomy and rights), Flag of the Taliban.svg Taliban (accession with Afghanistan)
    • Militant organisations: Flag of Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg Variant flag of the Islamic State.svg Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan/Pakistani Taliban

Karachi City Flag.png Karachi

Main article: Jinnahpur, Muhajir nationalism

  • Ethnic group: Muhajirs
    • Proposition: Independence for Jinnahpur or creation of a separate province known as 'Muhajir Sooba' (literally: 'Immigrant Province') for the Muhajir people in Southern Sindh
    • Political Parties: Flag of MQM-London.png Muttahida Qaumi Movement – London (defunct)
    • Militant organisation: Flag of MQM-London.png MQM–London (defunct)

Hazarewals

  • Ethnic group: Hazarewals
    • Proposed: establishment of a separate Hazara province in Pakistan
    • Advocacy group: Hazara province movement

Kalasha Valleys

  • Ethnic group: Kalash people
    • Proposed: a separate province for the Kalasha Valleys

Bahawalpur

  • Ethnic group: Saraikis
    • Proposed: creation of a Bahawalpur province within Pakistan

Palestine

Hebron Hills

  • Proposed: independence for Hebron

The Philippines

Main article: Separatism in the Philippines

[[Cordillera

Sulu archipelago and parts of Zamboanga Peninsula

  • Ethnic groups: Moro (Tausūg, Banguingui, Sama-Bajau, Yakan)
    • Proposed state/autonomous area: Late_19th_Century_Flag_of_Sulu.svg Bangsa Sūg

Cordillera Administrative Region

  • Ethnic group: Igorot
    • Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region or Autonomous Region of the Cordillera
    • Advocacy groups: Autonomy in the Administrative Cordillera Movement, Cordillera People's Liberation Army, Cordillera Bodong Administration

Mindanao

  • Ethnic group: Mindanaoans
    • Proposed: independence for Mindanao
    • Advocacy group: Mindanao Independence Movement

Bangsamoro

  • Ethnic group: Maguindanao people
    • Proposed state: Bangsamoro
    • Militant organization: Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters

Russia

Main article: Separatism in Russia, Proposed federal subjects of Russia

Flag of Siberia.svg Siberia or Siberian Federal District

  • Ethnic group: Russians, Siberians (Siberian peoples)
    • Proposed state or federal subject: Flag of Siberia.svg Siberian Republic
      • Militant organisation: Sibir Battalion of the Civic Council
        • Advocacy groups: Siberian regionalist groups, Civil Council

Chechnya

  • Ethnic group: Chechens
    • Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
    • Political parties: Government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in Exile
    • Militant organisations:

Circassia

  • Ethnic group: Circassians
    • Proposed state: Circassian flag.svg Circassia
    • Political organizations: Circassian Congress, International Circassian Association

Dagestan

  • Ethnic groups: Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Nogais
    • Proposed state: Dagestan
    • Political organizations: Dagestan National Center, Free Dagestan Movement

Buryatia

  • Ethnic group: Buryats
    • Proposed state: Buryatia or unification with Mongolia
      • Advocacy groups: Free Buryatia Foundation

Ural Federal District

  • Ethnic group: Russians, Siberian Tatars
    • Proposed state: Flag of Ural.svg Ural Republic
    • Political parties: Ural Republic Movement, Free Ural, Ural Democratic Foundation

Idel-Ural

  • Ethnic groups: Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Mari, Mordvins, Udmurts
    • Proposed state: Idel-Ural State
    • Political parties: Free Idel-Ural, Idel-Ural National Liberation Movement, Azatliq Radikal Tatar Party

Sakha Republic Main article: Yakut Nationalism

  • Ethnic group: Yakuts, Evenki people, Evens
    • Proposed state: Flag of Sakha.svg Yakutia
      • Political party: Foundation Free Yakutia

Tuva

  • Ethnic group: Tuvans
    • Proposed state; Flag of Tuva.svg Republic of Tyva
      • Political parties: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front of Tuva

Koryak Okrug

  • Ethnic group: Koryak people
    • Proposed: re-establishment of the [[File:Flag_of_Koryakia.svg|22px|border]] Koryak Okrug

Green Ukraine

  • Ethnic group: Russians, Ukrainians, Tungusic peoples, Koryo-saram, Chinese
    • Proposed: independence for the "Green Wedge"
    • Advocacy group: Far eastern movement

Rostov Oblast

  • Ethnic group: Russians,Don Cossacks
    • Proposed state: Don Republic
    • Political organizations: Free Don Movement

Kuban

  • Ethnic groups: Russians,Kuban Cossacks,Ukrainians,Circassians
    • Proposed state: Kuban (Republic)
    • Political organizations: Free Kuban Movement

Khakassia

  • Ethnic group: Khakas
    • Proposed: independence for Khakassia

Kalmykia

  • Ethnic group: Kalmyks
    • Proposed state: Kalmykia
    • Political organizations: Free Kalmykia Movement, Oirat-Kalmyk Congress

Altai

  • Ethnic group: Altai people
    • Proposed: independence for Altai

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

  • Ethnic group: Khanty, Mansi
    • Proposed state: Flag_of_Yugra.svg Yugra

Krasnoyarsk Krai

  • Ethnic group: Russians, Siberian Tatars, Oirats, Evenki people, Dolgans, Kets, Nganasan, Selkups
    • Proposed state: Flag of Krasnoyarsk Krai.svg Yenisei republic

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

  • Ethnic group: Nenets
    • Proposed: Independence for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Taymyr Autonomous Okrug

  • Ethnic group: Dolgans
    • Proposed: reinstatement of the Taymyr Autonomous Okrug

Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug

  • Ethnic group: Buryats
    • Proposed: re establishment of the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug

Evenkia

  • Ethnic group: Evenki people
    • Proposed: re establishment of Evenkia

Jewish Autonomous Oblast

  • Ethnic group: Russians and Jews
    • Proposed: independence for the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

  • Ethnic group: Chukchi, Kereks, Yupik, Evens, Chuvans
    • Proposed: independence for the Flag of the Free State of Chutkotka.svg Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Kamchatka Krai

  • Ethnic group: Itelmens, Koryaks, Alyutors
    • Proposed: independence for Kamchatka Krai

Yukaghir people

  • Ethnic group: Yukaghir people
    • Proposed autonomous region: Suuktul

Amur Oblast

  • Ethnic group: Russians
    • Proposed state: Flag_of_Amur_Oblast.svg Amur

Zabaykalsky Krai

  • Ethnic group: Russians
    • Proposed state: Flag_of_Zabaykalsky_Krai.svg Chita Republic

Far Eastern Federal District

  • Ethnic group: Russians
    • Proposed state: Far Eastern Republic

Irkutsk Oblast

  • Ethnic group: Russians
    • Proposed state: Flag_of_Irkutsk_Oblast.svg Irkutsk

Saudi Arabia

url=https://www.saba.ye/en/news3222573.htm}}</ref>
  • Ethnic group: Arabs
    • Proposed: independence for [[File:Rayah al-Hijaz.svg|22px|border]][[File:Flag_of_Hejaz_(1917).svg|22px|border]]Hejaz
    • Advocacy group: Hejaz Parliament

Eastern Province

  • Ethnic group: Arabs (Shiites in Saudi Arabia)
    • Proposed state: Qatif and Al-Ahsa

Sri Lanka

Territorial claims of [[Tamil Eelam

Tamil Eelam Main article: Sri Lankan Civil War

  • Ethnic group: Sri Lankan Tamils
    • Proposed state: Tamil Eelam Flag.svg Tamil Eelam
    • Militant organisation: Tamil Eelam Flag.svg Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, Bandera del PLOTE (Tàmils).svg People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam, etc.
    • Political parties: Tamil National Alliance, People's Front of Liberation Tigers
    • Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam
    • Advocacy groups: Global Tamil Forum, Tamil Youth Organisation, World Tamil Movement

Syria

Main article: Syrian civil war

De facto autonomous region: [[File:Regions of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.png|thumb|right|[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria]] (Rojava)]]

  • Larger ethnic groups: Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians
  • Smaller ethnic groups: Armenians, Turkmen, Yazidis, Circassians, Christians
    • Political organisation: Syrian Democratic Council
    • Militant organisation: Syrian Democratic Forces Autonomist movements:
first1=Paul }}</ref>
  • Ethnic group: Druze
    • Proposed Autonomous Region: Jabal Druze State (Suwayda Governorate) or unification with Israel (Quneitra Governorate)
    • Political organisation: Supreme Legal Committee in Suwayda
    • Militant organisation: National Guard
  • Ethnic group: Assyrians, Christians in Syria
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of the Assyrians.png|24px]] Assyria
    • Political parties: Syriac Union Party, Assyrian Democratic Organization
    • Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro
    • Advocacy groups: Assyria Council of Europe,

Latakia Governorate and Tartus Governorate

  • Ethnic group: Alawites
    • Proposed: establishment of an autonomous Alawite state in Syria
    • Advocacy group: Alawite Party

Taiwan

Main article: Taiwan independence movement

The TWN Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state that has diplomatic relations with 11 United Nations member states (as well as the Holy See, an observer).

[[Taiwan
  • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of World Taiwanese Congress.svg|22px|border]] Republic of Taiwan
    • Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism
      • Note: The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has been democratically elected to power in Taiwan five times; in 2000 (until 2004), in 2004 (until 2008), in 2016 (until 2020), in 2020 (until 2024), and in 2024 (until 2028). Although the DPP has been the nominal ruling party of the Republic of China throughout these four ruling terms, the DPP has been pushing a pro-Taiwan independence agenda, whether tacitly or overtly. Some representatives of the DPP, such as Lai Ching-te, argue that Taiwan independence should not even be considered an "independence movement" but is rather the recognition of the reality of the current situation of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Many supporters of Taiwan independence believe that Taiwan, under the formal name of the "Republic of China", is already an independent country from mainland China, under the formal name of the "People's Republic of China". Some groups also exclude the Kinmen and Matsu Islands from their proposal.
    • Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party), New Power Party, Taiwan Statebuilding Party
    • Advocacy groups: Keep Taiwan Free (Taiwanese organisation), World United Formosans for Independence

Taiwanese indigenous peoples

  • Ethnic group: Native Taiwanese
    • Proposed: autonomy for the indigenous peoples of Taiwan
    • Political party: Taiwan First Nations Party

Tajikistan

Hisar Valley

  • Ethnic group: Hindus in Tajikistan
    • Proposed state: Hisor

Thailand

Patani region
Patani

Main article: Southern Thailand insurgency

  • Ethnic group: Patani Malays
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Pattani.svg|22px|border]][[File:Flag of Gabungan Melayu Pattani Raya.svg|22px|border]] Pattani Darul Makrif, unification with Malaysia
    • Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organisation, Patani Malays National Revolutionary Front, Runda Kumpulan Kecil, Pattani Islamic Mujahideen Movement, Islamic Liberation Front of Patani
    • Advocacy group: Pelajar Bangsa

Isan

  • Ethnic group: Isan people
    • Proposed: autonomy for Isan
    • Advocacy group: New Isan Movement

Northern Thailand

  • Ethnic group: Northern Thai people
    • Proposed: autonomy for Northern Thailand/Lan Na

Turkey

Map showing Kurdish-speaking areas within Turkey, as per the 1965 census.
url-status=live}}</ref>

Main article: Kurdish nationalism, United Kurdistan, Kurdish Question

  • Ethnic group: Kurds

    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|22px|border]] Kurdistan
    • Militant organisations: Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP) Assyria

  • Ethnic group: Assyrians, Arab Christians

    • Proposed state: Assyria
    • Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyria Liberation Party
    • Militant organisations: Nineveh Plain Protection Units, Dwekh Nawsha
    • Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe Western Armenia

  • Ethnic group: Armenians

    • Proposed state: Western Armenia or merger with Armenia
    • Government in Exile: Western ArmeniaWestern Armenia Government in Exile
    • Political parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
    • Advocacy groups: Armenian National Committee of America Flag of Zazaistan.svg Zazaistan

  • Ethnic group: Zazas

    • Proposed state: Flag of Zazaistan.svg Zazaistan
      • Political parties: Democracy Time Party
      • Advocacy groups: Federation of Zaza Associations
url=https://www.academia.edu/114954393}}</ref>
  • Ethnic group: Pontic Greeks
    • Proposed state: [[File:Flag_of_Pontus.svg|22px|border]] Pontus

Turkmenistan

Balkan Region

  • Ethnic group: Turkmen people
    • Proposed state: Yomudistan

United Arab Emirates

Sharjah

  • Ethnic group: Arabs
    • Proposed: secession of Sharjah from the UAE
    • Advocacy group: Ruler of Sharjah

Umm al-Quwain

  • Ethnic group: Arabs
    • Proposed state: Umm al-Quwain

Uzbekistan

Karakalpakstan Main article: 2022 Karakalpak protests

  • ethnic group: Karakalpaks
    • proposed state: Karakalpakstan

Vietnam

Central Highlands (Vietnam)

  • Ethnic group: Montagnard

    • Proposed: autonomy or independence of the [[File:Montagnard Degar Association (MDA) created in 1987 - Marko de Haeck.png|frameless|29x29px]]
    • Political organisations: [[File:Flag of Degar Montagnards.jpg|frameless|24x24px]] Montagnard Foundation, Inc., Montagnard Dega Association, Montagnard Human Rights Organization, United Montagnard People, M'Nong Bu-dang, Movement for the Unity of Ethnic Groups of South Viet-Nam Hmong state

  • Ethnic group: Hmong people

    • Proposed state or autonomous area: [[File:Hmong_Flag_(UNPO).svg|frameless|22x22px]] ChaoFa Hmong

Mekong Delta and South East Vietnam

  • Ethnic group: Khmer Krom
    • Proposed: Autonomy for the Khmer Krom or unification with [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|frameless|24x24px]] Cambodia
    • Political party: [[File:Flag of KKF.svg|frameless|24x24px]] Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation

Yemen

Yemen prior to unification
  • Proposed state: South Yemen State of South Arabia
    • Political parties: Southern Movement
    • Regional groups: Southern Yemenis, Mahris and Soqotrans

  • Proposed autonomous area: Hadhramaut Region

    • De facto autonomous government: Hadramout National Council.svg Hadramout National Council
    • Political parties: Flag of the Hadhramout Tribes Confederacy.svg Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance, Hadhrami League,
    • Militant organisation(s): Hadhrami Elite Forces
    • Regional groups: Hadharem, Mahris and Soqotrans

  • Tihamah

    • Proposed: autonomy for Tihamah

References

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