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List of abunas of Ethiopia

None

Field	Value
titleoverride	Abuna of
bishopric	Ethiopia
image	Abune Matthias.jpg
border	Oriental Orthodox
coat_caption	Ethiopian Cross
incumbent	Mathias
incumbent_note	Since 28 February 2013
style	His Holiness
established	350 (Foundation)
1959 (Autocephaly)
first_incumbent	St. Frumentius (Bishop)
Basilios (Patriarch)
cathedral	Holy Trinity Cathedral, Addis Ababa

1959 (Autocephaly) Basilios (Patriarch) This is a list of the abunas of Ethiopia, the spiritual heads of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The Abuna of Ethiopia is known officially as His Holiness Patriarch and Catholicos of Ethiopia, Archbishop of Axum and Ichege of the See of St. Tekle Haymanot. The current Abuna, Mathias, acceded to this position on 28 February 2013.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, and it was granted autocephaly by Cyril VI, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church, in 1959.

Bishops of Axum

Portrait	Abuna
(Birth–Death)	Reign	Notes
[[File:St Frumentius.jpg	70px]]	Abune Selama I Kesatay Birhan (St. Frumentius)
(Died 383)	350–383	last=Adejumobi	first=Saheed A.	title=The History of Ethiopia	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Un6_LGIEyQC&pg=PA171	year=2007	publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group	isbn=978-0-313-32273-0	page=171}}
	Minas or Elyas
	Abreham	Late 4th century – early 5th century
	Petros
	Abba Aftse	Late 5th century – early 6th century
	Qozmos	early 6th century
	Euprepius	early 6th century
Seat vacant 537–562

Metropolitan archbishops of Axum and of All Ethiopia

Portrait	Abuna
(Birth–Death)	Reign	Notes
	Qerellos	620s – mid 7th century
	unknown
	Yohannes	820–840
	Yaqob I	mid 9th century
	Salama Za-'Azeb	9th century
	Bartalomewos	10th century
	Peter	920s	Opposed by Minas and Fiqtor.
Seat vacant 940–970s
	Daniel	late 10th century
	Fiqtor	11th century
	'Abdun		Claimant.
	Sawiros	1077–1092
	Giyorgis I	1090s
	Mikael I	early–mid 12th century
	Yaqob II
	Gabra Krestos
	Atnatewos	late 12th century
	Mikael II	1206–1209	Opposed by Hirun.
	Yeshaq	1209–1225	An inference from the Kebra Nagast colophon.
	Giyorgis II	1225
[[File:Abune Tekele Haymanot.png	70px]]	St. Tekle Haymanot	13th century	According to tradition.
	Yohannes (XIII?)	14th century
	Yaqob (III?)	1337–1344
Seat vacant 1344–1348
	Salama II	1348–1388
Seat vacant 1388–1398/9
	Bartalomewos	1398/9–1436
	Mikael and Gabriel	1438–1458
Seat vacant 1458–1481
	Yeshaq	1481– 1520
	Marqos (VI?)	1481– 1530
	****	1536– 1545	Self-proclaimed Ethiopian Orthodox Abuna, and Catholic Patriarch of Ethiopia and Alexandria.
	Endyras	1545–?
[[File:Claudius, King of Ethiopia.jpg	70px]]	Andrés de Oviedo
(1518–1577)	1557–1577	Catholic bishop.
	Marqos (VII?)	1565
	Krestodolos I	1590
	Petros (VI?)	1599?–1607	Killed in battle.
	Simon
(Died 1624)	1608–1617
[[File:King Susenyos I of Ethiopia receives the Latin Patriarch Afonso Mendes.jpg	70px]]	Afonso Mendes
(1579–1659)	1622–1632	Catholic Patriarch, supported by Susenyos I and deposed by Fasilides.
Seat vacant 1632–1633
	Rezek	1634
	Marqos (VIII?)	1635–1672	Deposed with Krestodolos.
	Krestodolos II	1640–1672	Deposed with Marqos.
	Sinoda	1672–1687
Seat vacant 1687–1689
	Marqos (IX ?)	1689–late 17th century
	Abba Mikael	1640–1699
	Marqos X	1694–1716
Seat vacant 1716–1718
	Krestodolos III	1718–1745
Seat vacant 1745– 1747
	Yohannes XIV	1747–1770
	Yosab III	1770–1803
Seat vacant 1803– 1808
	Makarios	1808
Seat vacant 1808–1816
	Qerellos III	1816–1829
Seat vacant 1829–1841
[[File:Salama III.jpg	70px]]	Salama III
(Died 1867)	1841–1867
Seat vacant 1867–1868
	Atnatewos II
(Died 1876)	1868–1876	Died of wounds received at the Battle of Gura in the Egyptian–Ethiopian War.
	Petros VII
(Died 1918)	1876–1889
[[File:Abune Matewos.JPG	70px]]	Mattheos X
(1843–1926)	1889–1926
[[File:Abuna Kirillos.jpg	70px]]	Qerellos IV
( 1880–1950)	1926–1936	First tenure; deposed following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.
[[File:Abune Abraham.png	70px]]	Abraham	1937–1939	Installed during the Italian occupation.
	Yohannes XV	1939–1945
[[File:Abuna Kirillos.jpg	70px]]	Qerellos IV
( 1880–1950)	1945–1950	Second tenure; restored.
	Basilios
(1891–1970)	1951–1959	Elevated to Patriarch and Catholicos of All Ethiopia.

On 13 July 1948, the Coptic Orthodox and Ethiopian churches reached an agreement that led to the elevation of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church to the rank of an Autonomous Church; allowing the Archbishop of All Ethiopia to consecrate on his own bishops and metropolitans for the Ethiopian Church and to form a local Holy Synod. The Archbishop, however, is consecrated by the Pope of Alexandria along with the members of the Holy Synod of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.

Patriarchs and catholicoi of All Ethiopia

No.	Portrait	Abuna
(Birth–Death)	Reign	Notes
1		Basilios
(1891–1970)	1959–1970	Reigned during the 1960 Ethiopian coup attempt and the
1965 Conference of Addis Ababa.
Born in Mada Mikael as Gebre Giyorgis Wolde Tsadik
2	[[File:Bishop Abuna Theophilos (cropped).jpg	70px]]	Theophilos
(1910–1979)	1971–1976	Confirmed by the Emperor after his election.
Deposed and arrested by the Derg; executed by strangling in 1979.
Born in Debre Elias as Meliktu Jenbere
3		Takla Haymanot
(1918–1988)	1976–1988	Met Pope John Paul II in 1981, in the first such meeting in modern times.
Born in Begemder as Melaku Wolde Mikael
4		Merkorios
(1938–2022)	1988–2022	Deposed by the EPRDF, which claimed that he willingly abdicated.
Headed the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Exile from 1991 to 2018.
Entered into dual patriarch arrangement alongside Abune Mathias from 2018 to 2022.
Born in Begemder as Ze-Libanos Fanta
5	[[File:AbunaPaulos.jpg	70px]]	Paulos
(1936–2012)	1992–2012	Reign disputed by followers of Abune Merkorios.
Born in Adwa as Gebremedhin Woldeyohannes
6	[[File:Abune Matthias.jpg	70px]]	Mathias
(born 1941)
2013–present	last1=Kibriye	first1=Solomon	title=Ethiopian Orthodox Unity Declaration Document in English	url=http://theorthodoxchurch.info/blog/news/ethiopian-orthodox-unity-declaration-document-in-english/	website=Orthodoxy Cognate Page	accessdate=8 August 2018	date=27 July 2018}}
Entered into dual patriarch arrangement alongside Abune Merkorios from 2018 to 2022.
Born in Agame as Teklemariam Asrat

In 1959, the Coptic Orthodox Church granted autocephaly to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and elevated the Archbishop to the Patriarchal dignity and was enthroned with the title of: Patriarch and Re'ese Liqane Papasat Echege (Catholicos) of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The title of Ichege (Supreme Abbot) of the See of St. Tekle Haymanot of Debre Libanos was subsumed into the Patriarchate. The title of Ichege was revived and the title of Archbishop of Axum was added to the Patriarchal titles in 2005, as Axum was the seat of Ethiopia's first Bishop, St. Frumentius, and thus the oldest see in the church.

Timeline

ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:135 left:20 AlignBars = early

Define $now =

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1959 till: TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1960 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:1960

Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97) id:PT value:rgb(1,0.8,0)

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData = barset:Popes

PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:Popes

from: 1959 till: 1970 color:PT text:"Basilios (1959–1970)" from: 1971 till: 1976 color:PT text:"Theophilos (1971–1976)" from: 1976 till: 1988 color:PT text:"Takla Haymanot (1976–1988)" from: 1988 till: 2022 color:PT text:"Merkorios (1988–2022)" from: 1992 till: 2012 color:PT text:"Paulos (1992–2012)" from: 2013 till: $now color:PT text:"Mathias (2013–present)"

barset:skip

References

Sources

Modern Primates of Ethiopia (1694–present)

References

"Abune Mathias elected as the 6th Patriarch of Ethiopian Orthodox Church". Ethioabay.
Adejumobi, Saheed A.. (2007). "The History of Ethiopia". Greenwood Publishing Group.
Minas according to the ''[[Gadla Afse]]'', while Elyas according to the source of [[Carlo Conti Rossini]] in ''Acta Yared et Pantalewon''. Sergew Hable Selassie, ''Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History to 1270''. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: United Printers, p. 116
Due to the exiling of [[Patriarch Theodosius I of Alexandria. Patriarch Theodosius I]] and his replacement with the [[Chalcedonian]] Patriarch [[Patriarch Paul of Alexandria. Paul]], according to an Arabic source. Sergew, ''Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History'', p. 142.
(13 April 1971). "New Patriarch of Ethiopia Is Approved by Emperor". [[The New York Times]].
(19 February 1976). "Patriarch Is Deposed By Ethiopian Regime". [[The New York Times]].
(2 March 1976). "Ethiopian Church Ex‐Head Is Reported Under Arrest". [[The New York Times]].
(2 February 2012). "Dictionary of African Biography". OUP USA.
(18 October 1981). "Around the World; Pope Meets Patriarch Of Ethiopian Church". [[The New York Times]].
(1 August 2018). "Ethiopia's exiled patriarch Bishop Merkorios returns". BBC.
(28 February 2013). "His Holiness Abune Mathias elected as sixth Patriach (sic) of Ethiopian Orthodox Church". The Sheba Post.
(27 July 2018). "Ethiopian Orthodox Unity Declaration Document in English".
(31 July 2018). "Decades-Old Schism in the Ethiopian Church Mended". Ethiopicist Blog.

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