Lew Sapieha

Early life

He was born in Astroŭna (), near Vitebsk. He was educated in Leipzig and worked in the royal chancellery of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Stephen Báthory under the direction of Jan Zamoyski.

Raised Eastern Orthodox, in his youth he converted to Calvinism and founded a number of Calvinist churches in his former estates. In the 1570s, he turned to Unitarianism. Disillusioned by the squabbles within the Protestant camp, in 1586 he converted with his first wife to Roman Catholicism of which he became a zealous defender. After the Union of Brest he enforced conformity on the unwilling Eastern Orthodox.

Career and politics

He supported a political union with Muscovy in 1584–1600 and led the diplomatic mission to Moscow in 1600 that proposed the union to tzar Boris Godunov, who declined the proposal. He also participated in wars with Muscovy under rule of Stephen Báthory and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund III Vasa. He became an adviser of Sigismund III and supported his radical plans to take over the Muscovite throne and reclaim Smolensk by force. He participated in establishing the Lithuanian Tribunal in 1578.

As Chancellor he was the main editor and publisher of the last version of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He laid grounds for the establishment of the Law Faculty in the University of Vilnius, which was created in 1641. He was co-initiator and a participant in the military expedition to Moscow in 1618 by King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Władysław IV.

As Sejm Marshal, he led the ordinary Sejm in Warsaw from 4 October to 25 November 1582. He was a benefactor of many catholic churches in the Grand Duchy. He established the long-term power and wealth of the Sapieha family.

Sapieha died on 1633 and was interred in the cellars of the Church of St. Michael the Archangel in Vilnius, which he himself commissioned. His tomb remains there to the present day and is still the largest piece of art of its kind in the territory of Lithuania.

Gallery

File:Lew Sapieha (1557-1633).jpg|Portrait depicting Sapieha by an unknown painter File:Church of St. Michael in Vilnius02(js).jpg|St. Michael's Church in Vilnius (1594), commissioned by Sapieha as a personal mausoleum File:ChurchStMichaelVilnius7.jpg|Tomb of Lew Sapieha inside the church File:Tombstone for Leonas Sapiega01(js).jpg|Lew Sapieha is buried with his two wives File:Leonas-Sapiega-letter-1626.jpg|A letter signed by Sapieha from 1626 File:1995. Stamp of Belarus 0116.jpg|Belarusian stamp from 1995 File:Stamps of Lithuania, 2007-09.jpg|Lithuanian stamp from 2007

References

References

1. "RUTHENIAN PROTESTANTS OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH ORTHODOXY, 1569-1767".
2. "Conversions and Confessional Memory of Ruthenian Representatives of Political Elites of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th and 17th Centuries".
3. Саверчанка І.В. Канцлер Вялікага княства. Леў Сапега, Мн., Навука і тэхніка, 1992, с.63.
4. Чаропка В. Бацька Айчыны. Леў Сапега. ў кнізе «Уладары вялікага княства», Мн., Беларусь, 1-е издание 1996, 2-ое издание 2002, с.327-408.
5. Редактор: Тарас А. Е, Вялікі беларус Леў Сапега: Зборнік артыкулаў, 2012, Издательство: Інстытут беларускай гісторыі i культуры {{ISBN. 978-9984-897-03-5
6. (2010). "Лев Сапега (БЕЛАРУСЬ)". Library.by.
7. "Прокопчук Артур Андреевич. Беларусь - 1000 Лет Истории В Женских Образах".
8. "Прафесар Крыштаповіч: Радзівілы, Сапегі, Агінскія не маюць нічога супольнага з беларускай ментальнасцю — відэа".
9. "Jivebelarus.net".
10. "Leonas Sapiega: liūtas ar lapinas?".
11. "Leonas Sapiega".
12. Howard Jarvis, Neil Taylor (2006) ''Vilnius with Kaunas'', Bradt Travel Guides, pp. 112–113