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Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction

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Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction

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In the United States, cannabis is legal in 40 of 50 states for medical use and 24 states for recreational use. At the federal level, cannabis is classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, determined to have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, prohibiting its use for any purpose. Despite this prohibition, federal law is generally not enforced against the possession, cultivation, or intrastate distribution of cannabis in states where such activity has been legalized. In April 2024 during the Biden administration, the Department of Justice initiated a process to reschedule cannabis to the less-restrictive Schedule III. A December 18, 2025 executive order expedited the process of rescheduling.

The medical use of cannabis is legal with a medical recommendation in 40 states, four out of five permanently inhabited U.S. territories, and the federal District of Columbia (D.C.). Ten other states have laws that limit the psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), for the purpose of allowing access to products rich in cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating component of cannabis. The Rohrabacher–Farr amendment, first passed in 2014, prohibits federal prosecution of individuals complying with state medical cannabis laws.

The recreational use of cannabis has been legalized in 24 states, three U.S. territories, and D.C. Another seven states have decriminalized its use. Commercial distribution has been legalized in all jurisdictions where possession has been legalized, except for Virginia and D.C. Personal cultivation for recreational use is allowed in all of these jurisdictions except for Delaware, Illinois, New Jersey, and Washington state.

Cannabinoid drugs which have received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prescription use are Marinol and Syndros (synthetic THC is the active ingredient in both), Cesamet (nabilone), and Epidiolex (CBD). For non-prescription use, products with less than 0.3% delta-9 THC containing CBD, delta-8 THC, and other naturally occurring cannabinoids derived from hemp (cannabis containing less than 0.3% delta-9 THC) are legal and unregulated at the federal level, but legality and enforcement varies by state.

Statewide legalization of recreational cannabis appeared on the ballot for the 2024 elections as 2024 Florida Amendment 3, and in North and South Dakota. It failed to pass in all 3 states. Nebraskans decided on a ballot measure related to medical cannabis the same day, which passed.

By state

{{legendwhiteDecriminalizedoutline=blacktextcolor=blacktext= &#9679;
StateRecreationalMedicalCultivationNotes
AlabamaIllegal; Misdemeanor for first offense, any subsequent offense is a felonyLegal to possess up to "70 daily dosages" at one time.title=Alabama Medical Marijuana Lawurl=https://norml.org/laws/alabama-medical-marijuana-law/publisher=NORMLaccess-date=March 2, 2023}}
AlaskaLegal to possess up to 1 ozLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of no more than 6 plants per person, or twelve plants in a household with two or more adults.
ArizonaLegal to possess up to 1 ozLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) per 14 days.Legal for medical (See notes) & recreational use up to an amount of no more than 6 plants per person, or twelve plants in a household with two or more adults.
ArkansasIllegal; MisdemeanorLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) per 14 days.Illegal
CaliforniaLegal to possess up to 1 ozLegal to possess up to 8 oz (230 g)Legal for recreational use up to an amount of six plants per household or acre of land.
ColoradoLegal to possess up to 2 ozLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six plants per person with no more than three of which being mature at one time.
ConnecticutLegal to carry up to 1.5 oz or possess up to 5 oz locked inside a home or trunk of a vehicleLegal to possess up to 5 oz (140 g) per month.Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six plants with only three at a time being mature.
DelawareLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) & 12 g (.4 oz) of concentrateLegal to possess up to 6 oz (171 g)Illegal
FloridaIllegalLegal to possess up to three 70-day, or six 35-day "supply limits". One 35-day supply is limited to 2.5 oz (71 g).Illegal
Georgia (U.S. state)Illegal; decriminalized in the cities of Atlanta, Clarkston, Forest Park, Savannah, South Fulton, Statesboro, unincorporated Fulton County, and Macon–Bibb County.CBD oil (less than 5% THC)Illegal
Hawaii●url=https://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/post/hawaii-governor-backs-decriminalizing-small-amounts-pottitle=Hawaii Governor Backs Decriminalizing Small Amounts Of Potpublisher=Hawaii Public Radioagency=Associated Pressaccess-date=June 25, 2019}}Legal to possess up to 4 oz (114 g).Legal only for medical patients up to an amount not exceeding 7 plants per person.
IdahoIllegal; Misdemeanor (85 g or less)CBD oil (less than 0.1% THC)Illegal; Felony
IllinoisLegal; Residents can possess up to 30 g of cannabis flower, 500 mg of THC in an infused product, and up to 5 grams of concentrate.Legal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) per 14 day period.last=Bergfirst=Austindate=January 1, 2020title=What You Need to Know About Marijuana Legalization in Illinoisurl=https://www.illinoispolicy.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-marijuana-legalization-in-illinois/url-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220234720/https://www.illinoispolicy.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-marijuana-legalization-in-illinois/archive-date=February 20, 2020publisher=Illinois Policy Institute}}
IndianaIllegal; Misdemeanor (up to 6 months in jail, $1000 fine)CBD oil (less than 0.3% THC) legal for any useIllegal
IowaIllegal; MisdemeanorLegal to possess up to an amount of THC not exceeding 4.5 grams per 90 day period.Illegal; Felony
KansasIllegal; MisdemeanorCBD oil (containing 0% THC) legal for any useIllegal
KentuckyIllegal; Misdemeanor (8 oz or less)Legal to possess an "uninterrupted 30-day supply"Illegal; Misdemeanor (5 plants or less)
Louisiana●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 14 gLegal to possess up to a "30-day supply"Illegal
MaineLegal to possess up to 2.5 ozLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six plants with no more than three at a time being mature. There is no limit on the amount of seedlings that can be grown at once.
MarylandLegal to possess up to 1.5 oz (42 g) & 12 g (.4 oz) of concentrateLegal to possess up to 120 g (4.2 oz) or 36 g (1.3 oz) of concentrateLegal for recreational use up to two plants per household. Registered medical cannabis patients can grow four plants per household.
MassachusettsLegal to possess up to 1 oz in public or 10 oz at homeLegal to possess up to 10 oz (280 g) per every 2-month periodtitle= Guidance on Types of Marijuana Establishment Licensesurl= https://mass-cannabis-control.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Guidance-License-Types.pdfpublisher= Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commissionaccess-date= May 2, 2020archive-date= January 21, 2021archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121065846/https://mass-cannabis-control.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Guidance-License-Types.pdfurl-status= dead}}
MichiganLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz in public or 10 oz at homeLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)title=Michigan begins taking applications for first recreational marijuana businesses Fridaydate=October 29, 2019url=https://www.mlive.com/news/2019/10/michigan-begins-taking-applications-for-first-recreational-marijuana-businesses-friday.htmlwork=Michigan Livelast=Burnsfirst=Gus}}
MinnesotaLegal to possess up to 2 lbs (2 oz in public), 8 g of concentrate, and 800 mg of infused ediblesLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) every 14 days.Legal for recreational use up to an amount of 8 plants of which only 4 can be mature at a time.
Mississippi●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 30 g (1.1 oz) or less for first offense.Legal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g) per monthIllegal
MissouriLegal to possess up to 3 ozLegal to possess up to 6 oz (170 g) per monthLegal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six plants per person or twelve plants for 2 or more adults in a household with a license.
MontanaLegal to possess up to 1 oz & 8 g of concentratesLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of four plants per person or 8 maximum per household, no more than 4 plants are allowed to be mature at one time.
Nebraska●Illegal; Decriminalized (first offense only)LegalIllegal
NevadaLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) & one fourth of an oz (7 g) of concentrateLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for medical & recreational use only for people that live at least 25 mi (40 km) from the nearest dispensary. Limit is 6 plants for recreational use and 12 plants for medical use.
New Hampshire●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 0.75 oz or lessLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g)Illegal
New JerseyLegal to possess up to 6 oz. Licensed delivery services allowed.Legal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g) per monthIllegal
New MexicoLegal to possess up to 2 ozLegal to possess up to 8 oz (230 g) per 90-day periodLegal for medical & recreational use up to an amount not to exceed 16 plants, of which no more than 4 can be mature at one time, for medical use, and 6 mature plants, or twelve per household, for recreational use.
New YorkLegal to possess up to 3 oz of cannabis or 24 g of concentrates at home and 3 oz in public or gifting without remuneration.Legal to possess a 60-day supply.Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of three mature and three immature plants per person, with a limit of twelve per household.
North Carolina●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 42 g or lessCBD oilIllegal
North Dakota●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 14 g or lessLegal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g)Illegal
OhioLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) and up to 15 grams of cannabis concentrates.Legal to possess a 90-day supply.Legal to grow 6 plants per adult, maximum 12 plants per household.
OklahomaIllegalLegal to possess up to 8 oz (230 g), 1 oz (28 g) of concentrate, and 72 oz (2 kg) of edibles in a residence. Patients are able to possess up to 3 oz (85 g) in public.Legal only for medical patients up to an amount of six plants & 6 seedlings per person.
OregonLegal to possess up to 2 oz in public or 8 oz at homeLegal to possess up to 24 oz (680 g)title= How To Start A Commercial Grow Operation In Oregondate= March 4, 2018url= https://www.ilovegrowingmarijuana.com/start-commercial-grow-operation-oregon/#what-kind-of-cannabis-businesspublisher= I Love Growing Marijuana}}
PennsylvaniaIllegal; Decriminalized In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Lancaster, Phoenixville, Norristown, State College, Steelton, Upper Merion Township, West Norriton Township, East Norriton Township, York, Folcroft, Bethlehem, Doylestown, and Allentown up to 30 g (1.1 oz)Legal to possess up to a 90-day supplyIllegal
Rhode IslandLegal to possess up to 1 ozLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of 12 plants & 12 seedlings for medical patients or six plants of which no more than 3 are mature for recreational use.
South CarolinaMisdemeanorCannabis oil (less than 0.9% THC)Illegal
South DakotaMisdemeanorLegal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g)Legal for medical patients up to an amount not exceeding 2 flowering, and 2 non-flowering plants; more in some cases.
TennesseeIllegal; Misdemeanor (less than .5 oz; first or second offense only).Cannabis oil (less than 0.9% THC)Illegal; Misdemeanor (nine plants or less),
Felony (ten or more plants)
TexasIllegal; De facto legal by not arresting for less than 4 oz (112 g) in possession in Austin. A "cite and release" policy is in effect in Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Austin, and residents of Travis County).Legal to possess medically. Patients may now access up to 10 mg of THC per serving and 1 gram per package, and are permitted to vape and nebulize THC products in addition to other forms.Illegal
UtahIllegal; MisdemeanorLegal to possess up to 4 oz (113 g) per 30-day periodIllegal
VermontLegal to possess up to 1 ozLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of 9 plants, with only 2 at a time being mature for medical patients, or six plants for recreational use of which no more than two can be mature at one time.
VirginiaLegal to possess up to 1 oz in public; no limit applies at home. Legislature has yet to authorize retail sales.Legal to possess up to 4 oz (113 g) per 30-day period; unlike recreational use, commercial sales of medical marijuana is legal.Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of 4 plants per household.
WashingtonLegal to possess up to 1 ozLegal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g), 48 oz (1.3 kg) of edibles, 21 g (.74 oz) of concentrate, & 216 oz (6.1 kg) of infused-liquids.Legal for medical patients only up to an amount of 6 plants.
West VirginiaIllegal; MisdemeanorLegalIllegal
WisconsinIllegal; Misdemeanor on first offense, felony on subsequent offenses; possession under 25 or 28 grams considered an ordinance violation in most incorporated municipalities, and decriminalized in the cities of Milwaukee and MadisonCBD oilIllegal; Felony
WyomingIllegal; MisdemeanorCBD oilIllegal

Federal district

DistrictRecreationalMedicalCultivationNotes
Washington, D.C.Legal to possess up to 2 oz. No commercial sales.Legal to possess up to 8 oz (230 g)Legal for recreational use up to an amount of six plants with only three being mature at a time; there are no provisions for commercial recreational cultivation.

By inhabited territory

TerritoryRecreationalMedicalCultivationNotes
American SamoaIllegalIllegalIllegal
GuamLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) & 8 g of concentrateLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount not exceeding 6 mature & 12 immature plants for medical patients or up to 6 immature & 3 mature plants for recreational use.
Northern Mariana IslandsLegalLegalLegal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of 6 mature and 12 immature plants.
Puerto RicoIllegalLegal to possess up to a 30-day supply.Illegal
U.S. Virgin IslandsLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g), 1 oz (28 g) of edibles, & 14 g (.5 oz) of concentrateLegal to possess up to 4 oz (113 g)Legal for medical patients up to an amount of 12 plants. Cultivation for non-medical use is only legal for sacramental purposes.

By tribal nation

Main article: Cannabis on American Indian reservations

Note: There are approximately 326 federally recognized Indian reservations in the United States. This table shows only reservations which are known to have legalized medical or recreational use of cannabis, and may not be a complete list of reservations that have done so.

ReservationRecreationalMedicalCultivationNotes
Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe
(South Dakota)last=Nelsonfirst=Stevendate=June 16, 2015title=Tribe Bets on Legal Potwork=U.S. News & World Reporturl=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/06/16/tribe-bets-on-legal-poturl-status=liveaccess-date=July 12, 2015archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801064052/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/06/16/tribe-bets-on-legal-potarchive-date=August 1, 2015}}LegalIllegal; Only one site has been allowed as the primary growing location.
Oglala Lakota Sioux Tribe (South Dakota)LegalLegalLegal
Suquamish Tribe
(Washington state)LegalLegalLegal
Squaxin Island Tribe
(Washington state)LegalLegalLegal
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
(North Carolina)LegalLegalIllegal
St. Regis Mohawk Tribe
(New York)LegalLegalLegal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of twelve plants.
Tuscarora Reservation (New York)LegalLegalLegal
Omaha Reservation (Nebraska)title=Omaha Tribe of Nebraska legalizes, regulates medical and recreational marijuanafirst= Zachlast=Wendlingdate=July 15, 2025newspaper=Nebraska Examinerpublisher=States Newsroomurl=https://nebraskaexaminer.com/2025/07/15/omaha-tribe-of-nebraska-legalizes-regulates-medical-and-recreational-marijuana/}}Legal

Legalization timeline

More maps

[[File:US map. Delta-8 THC legal status by state.png300pxnone]]
[[File:US map. Cannabis record clearance by state.png300pxnone]]

Notes

References

References

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