Lazica

Name

In the Svan language, the Svans refer to the Mingrelia (Samegrelo) region as Lazan, La- is the Svan territorial prefix and Lazan means "the land of the Zans".

History

By the mid-3rd century, Lazica was given partial autonomy within the Roman Empire and developed into a kingdom. Throughout much of its existence, it was mainly a Byzantine strategic vassal kingdom, falling for a short time under Sasanian Persian rule during the Lazic War. The treaty that ended the war abolished the kingdom of Lazica which became a Byzantine territory rules by a patrician.

The parts of the Lazian Empire were Suani, Scymni, Western Abasgia, Eastern Abasgia(Apsilia), Misimiani and their rulers would be appointed by the kings of Lazica with the formally upon the approval of the Byzantine emperor.

Ecclesiastical history

In the early 4th century, the Christian eparchy (eastern bishopric) of Pityus was established in this kingdom, and as in neighboring Iberia Christianity was declared as an official religion in AD 319. Other ancient episcopal sees in Lazica include Rhodopolis, Saesina, and Zygana. Bishop Stratophilus of Pityus was among the participants of the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The first Christian king of Lazica was Gubazes I; in the 5th century, Christianity was made the official religion of Lazica. Later, the nobility and clergy of Lazica switched from the Hellenic ecclesiastic tradition to the Georgian, and Georgian became the language of culture and education.

Cities and forts

The information about the cities of Lazica were preserved in the works of Byzantine historians. The list of cities mentioned in Byzantine sources were:

• Petra (modern Tsikhisdziri)
• Archeopolis (Nokalakevi)
• Nesos (Isula)
• Telefis (Tolebi)
• Rhodopolis (Vartsikhe)
• Skanda
• Sarapanis (Shorpani)
• Phasis (Poti)
• Pitius
• Kotayon (Kutaisi)
• Onoguris The most significant fertile and rich area of Lazica was the Rioni river valley. A densely populated part of the territory of Colchis, where most of the Laz cities were located. In the IV-V centuries AD large cities appeared in Lazica such as: Archeopolis, Rhodopolis and Kotayon, and the population of the coastal areas increased, mainly in the areas of Phasis.

The architecture of the fortresses of Lazica, located at the key points of the main trade and military routes from the shores of the Black Sea to Iran, show the influence of Byzantine architecture

Economy

Maritime trade played a significant role in the country's economy, the center of which was the port of Phasis. Trade was carried out mainly with Pontus and Bosporus (Crimea), which were under Roman control at the time. Leather, fur and other raw materials, as well as slaves, were exported from the country in large quantities. In exchange, they imported salt, bread, wine, expensive fabrics and weapons. It is believed that the destruction of free trade and the introduction of a monopoly by the Romans in Lazica was one of the reasons for the Lazic war.

The primary currency used in Lazica for trade was the Roman Antoninianus until the 4th century. Afterwards it was replaced by the Byzantine Solidus.

Rulers

Sources

• {{Cite book |last1=Lortkipanidze |first1=Mariam |url=https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/71346

References

References

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2. W. E. D. Allen - A History of the Georgian People from the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century
3. Braund, David. "Georgia in Antiquity A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562".
4. Braund, David. "Georgia in Antiquity A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562".
5. E. Glenn Hinson, ''The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300''. p 223
6. George Hewitt, ''Georgian Reader''. p. xii
7. ''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, {{ISBN. 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 959
8. ''Annuario Pontificio 2013'', p. 979
9. ''Annuario Pontificio 2013'', p. 1013
10. Berdzenishvili, Nikolai. (1958). "Early feudal states of Transcaucasia in the III-VII centuries". Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
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13. Kudryavtsev, O.V.. (1956). "Lazika in the III - IV centuries. // World History: In ten volumes". M.: Politizdat.
14. (1946). "History of Georgia: from ancient times to the beginning of the 19th century: Part I". State. publishing house.