Latvian Russian Union

History

As ForHRUL (1998–2014)

As an electoral alliance (1998–2007)

The party originated as the electoral alliance For Human Rights in a United Latvia (ForHRUL) (, PCTVL; , ЗаПЧЕЛ) that was established in May 1998 by three political parties: the National Harmony Party, Equal Rights and the Socialist Party of Latvia, all of which were mainly supported by Russophone voters. The alliance won 16 out of 100 seats in the 1998 parliamentary election and 25 seats in the 2002 parliamentary election, as well as 13 out of 60 seats on Riga City Council in the . After the municipal elections, ForHRUL became part of Riga's city government and National Harmony Party member Sergey Dolgopolov became the deputy mayor of Riga City Council.

During this period, ForHRUL's most prominent leaders were Jānis Jurkāns, Alfrēds Rubiks and Tatjana Ždanoka. Jurkāns was a leader of the Popular Front of Latvia and founder of the National Harmony Party; Rubiks and Ždanoka were prominent as leaders of the Interfront movement, the Latvian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the federalist movement in Latvia in the early 1990s. They were fairly popular in the Russian community but very unpopular among ethnic Latvians. ForHRUL therefore remained in opposition, because a coalition with Rubiks or Ždanoka was seen as a political suicide by most other elected parties.

ForHRUL partially broke up in 2003. The National Harmony Party was the first to leave the alliance and the Socialist Party followed half a year later. The remnant of ForHRUL consisted of Equal Rights and . The latter was composed of dissident Socialist Party and National Harmony Party members, like Yakov Pliner, who opposed the decision to quit the alliance. This reduced grouping had only 6 members of the Saeima (out of 25 that the alliance had before the breakup). ForHRUL was the main force supporting the 2003-2005 activities of the Headquarters for the Protection of Russian Schools.

At the first Latvian election to the European Parliament in 2004, ForHRUL gained one seat, held by Tatjana Ždanoka, who sat with the Greens–European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament. It also proposed the idea of a Europe-wide party of ethnic Russians. ForHRUL supported a federal Europe, with a "common economic and political space from Lisbon to Vladivostok".

As a single party (2007–2014)

In 2007, ForHRUL was transformed into a single party that retained the name and identity of the old electoral alliance. In recent years the party's support has declined as ethnic Russian voters have switched allegiance to the Harmony party, successor to the National Harmony Party. At the 2010 parliamentary election, the party lost its representation in the Latvian Parliament.

In 2011, the party launched an unsuccessful popular initiative on amending the law governing Latvian nationality. The Central Electoral Commission considered the proposed amendment to be incompatible with the Constitution of Latvia and the process of collecting signatures for a referendum on the proposals was suspended. This decision was eventually upheld by the Constitutional Court of Latvia and the Supreme Court of Latvia. It also supported the 2012 initiative to make Russian a co-official language in Latvia.

As Latvian Russian Union (2014–present)

In January 2014, ForHRUL changed its name to the Latvian Russian Union. At the 2014 European Parliament election, it retained its single seat in the European Parliament. The party supported the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 and has taken a pro-Russian stance in the subsequent Russo-Ukrainian War. In August 2014 the party signed a cooperation agreement with the Crimean branch of Russian Unity to "strengthen the unity of Russian world".

In July 2018, Ždanoka resigned her mandate in the European Parliament to focus on the 2018 Latvian parliamentary election and was succeeded by Miroslav Mitrofanov. With Andrejs Mamikins as their prime minister candidate Latvian Russian Union gained 3.2% votes, failing to win any seats in Saeima, but qualifying for state funding of almost 20 000 euros a year that the party would not be able to receive since it does not possess an account in a credit institution registered in Latvia as required by the law. In 2020, the party finally succeeded in obtaining an account in a Latvian bank.

In the 2019 European Parliament election, LRU received 6.24% of the votes and gained one seat, held by Tatjana Ždanoka who personally received 18,098 plusses and was crossed out 739 times. In the 2020 Riga City Council election, the party gained 6.5% of the votes and re-entered the Riga City Council with four seats.

On April 8, 2022, the European Free Alliance suspended LRU's membership in the party due to "fundamental disagreements" regarding the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, including Ždanoka voting against the European Parliament Resolution condemning it. The same month a 2013 post from the LRU council member Jevgēņijs Osipovs resurfaced and was shared by him and other members of LRU, in which he threatened with "war" if the Monument to the Liberators of Soviet Latvia and Riga from the German Fascist Invaders was moved "by even a millimetre". The monument would be demolished on 25 August 2022.

LRU received a warning from the State Security Service for activities "aimed at justifying violations of foreign policy and international law by Russia, as well as the dissemination of propaganda messages". The party's leadership responded by warning its members "to refrain from speaking, distributing or publishing news that reflects Russia's view of this aggressive war, and to avoid publishing news from unsafe sources at all." The Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau informed LRU that the State Security Service warning could be regarded as grounds for halting state funding to the party.

In the 2022 parliamentary election, the LRU list, which included a number of candidates that represented the populist Centre Party (e.g. ), gathered 3.63% of the vote, which was well below the 5% threshold, but enough for the party to retain state funding. This cooperation was formalized in May 2023, when both parties formed the centre-left **** ( 'Foundation-LV' or 'Base-LV') party alliance in preparation for the 2024 European Parliament election. For the 2025 municipal elections, LRU decided to run candidates on the Sovereign Power–Alliance of Young Latvians lists.

In January 2024 it was revealed that Ždanoka reportedly had been an operative for the FSB since at least 2004.

Election results

Legislative elections

European Parliament

Riga City Council

References

References

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7. "New investigation alleges Latvian member of European Parliament has secretly worked for Russian FSB for 20 years".
8. (August 13, 2014). "Pro Russia party signs major deal with Crimea group". [[The Baltic Times]].
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10. (August 13, 2018). "13th Saeima elections: The parties (Part 1)". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
11. (June 30, 2018). "Ždanoka may get shot at Saeima elections after all". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
12. Klūga, Māris. (October 8, 2018). "Three of the smaller parties to get state funding". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
13. (November 30, 2018). "No state cash for Latvian Russian Union". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
14. (31 July 2020). "Latvia's Russian Union succeeds in opening bank account after lengthy negotiations". [[The Baltic Times]].
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16. (30 August 2020). "Development/For!/Progressives lead the way in Rīga council elections". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
17. (April 8, 2022). "The Bureau suspends the Latvian Russian Union as a member party of EFA". [[European Free Alliance]].
18. (14 April 2022). "Latvian Russians Union threatens with "war" if Victory Monument tampered with". [[Baltic News Network]].
19. (25 August 2022). "Demolition of Soviet Victory monument in Rīga". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
20. (22 April 2022). "Latvian Russian Union gets warning by security service". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
21. (23 April 2022). "Security Service warns Latvia's Russian Union against justification of Russia's aggression". [[The Baltic Times]].
22. (27 April 2022). "Continued spreading of Kremlin propaganda might be reason for halting funding for Latvia's Russian Union - Corruption Prevention Burau". [[The Baltic Times]].
23. (27 April 2022). "Pro-Kremlin posts may cost Latvian Russians Union its state funding". [[Baltic News Network]].
24. (2023-05-02). "Ždanokas un Mitrofanova vadītā Krievu savienība izveido apvienību ar «Centra partiju»".
25. (2025-04-09). ""Suverēnā vara" un "Apvienība jaunlatvieši" iesniedz kopīgus sarakstus visās pašvaldībās (3)".
26. (30 January 2024). "EU Parliament probes a Latvian lawmaker after media allegations that she spied for Russia". [[Associated Press]].