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Lands inhabited by Indigenous peoples

Territories occupied primarily by native or tribal peoples

Summary

Territories occupied primarily by native or tribal peoples

The lands inhabited by indigenous peoples receive different treatments around the world. Many countries have specific legislation, definitions, nomenclature, objectives, etc., for such lands. To protect indigenous land rights, special rules are sometimes created to protect the areas they live in. In other cases, governments establish "reserves" with the intention of segregation. Some indigenous peoples live in places where their right to land is not recognised, or not effectively protected.

By country

In Australia

  • Indigenous Protected Areas
  • Torres Strait Regional Authority (de facto autonomous region)
  • Northern Peninsula Area Region
  • Indigenous Local government areas (LGA) of Queensland
    • Wujal Wujal Aboriginal Shire
    • Aboriginal Shire of Cherbourg
    • Aboriginal Shire of Woorabinda
    • Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island
    • Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale
    • Aboriginal Shire of Kowanyama
    • Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River
    • Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon
    • Aboriginal Shire of Napranum
    • Aboriginal Shire of Pormpuraaw
    • Aboriginal Shire of Yarrabah
    • Aboriginal Shire of Doomadgee
  • Aboriginal land councils in the Northern Territory
    • Anindilyakawa Land Council
    • Central Land Council
    • Northern Land Council
    • Tiwi Land Council
    • Bagot Aboriginal Community(Bagot Aboriginal Reserve)

In Bangladesh

  • Chittagong Hill Tracts
    • Bohmong Circle
    • Chakma Circle
    • Mong Circle

In Belize

  • Aguacate Indian Reservation, Toledo
  • Black Creek Indian Reservation, Toledo
  • Blue Creek Indian Reservation, Toledo
  • Crique Sarco Indian Reservation, Toledo
  • Graham Creek Indian Reservation, Toledo
  • Hinchasones Indian Reservation, Toledo
  • Machaca Indian Reservation, Toledo
  • Xpicilha Indian Reservation, Toledo

In Bolivia

:es:Autonomía indígena originario campesina

  • Native Community Lands
TCOLocationSize
(hectares)Date EstablishedEstablished byIndigenous PeoplesPrevious Status
Sirionó Indigenous Territorypublisher = CIPCAisbn = 978-99954-35-05-9last = Torricofirst = Ismael Guzmánauthor2=Eulogio Núñeztitle = Saneamiento de la tierra en seis regiones de Bolivia 1996-2007date = 2008-01-01page = 36}}Supreme Decree 22609Sirionó
Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous TerritoryCochabamba/Beni Department border1,372,180 haSupreme Decree 22610Trinitario Mojeño, Yuracaré, ChimánNational Park (since 1965)
Multiethnic Indigenous Territory IBeni365,483.26 haSupreme Decree 22611Trinitario Mojeño, Ignaciano Mojeño, Movima, Yuracaré, Chimán
Chimán Indigenous Territory IBeni337,360.44 ha
Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal LandsYungas region, northern La Paz Department and Beni400,000 haSupreme Decree 23110Mosetén, Tsimané, TacanaBiosphere Reserve (since 1977)
Chayantaka Native Community Landsnorth Potosí36,366.79INRA titling completedChayantaka ayllu
Lomerío Chiquitano Indigenous Territory259,188
Supreme Decree 23112
INRA Titling CompleteChiquitano
Monte Verde Chiquitano Indigenous TerritoryÑuflo de Chávez Province, Santa Cruz947,440.8Titling completed and awardedChiquitano
Araona Indigenous TerritorySupreme Decree 23108
Yuki Indigenous TerritoryCochabambaSupreme Decree 23111Yuki, Yuracaré
Yuracaré Native Community LandsCochabambaYuracaré
Avatiri Ingre Native Community LandsChuquisacaGuaraní
Avatiri Huacareta Native Community LandsChuquisacaGuaraní
Avatiri Ingre Native Community LandsChuquisacaGuaraní
Machareti-Ñancaroinza-Carandayti Native Community LandsChuquisacaGuaraní
Itikaraparirenda Native Community LandsChuquisacaGuaraní
Alto Parapetí Native Community LandsSanta CruzGuaraníRanches with Guaraní in conditions of servitude
Nor Lípez Native Community LandsNor Lípez Province, Potosí2,000,291INRA titling completedlast = Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agrariatitle = INRA entregó títulos ejecutoriales a tres Tierras Comunitarias de Origen de Potosíaccess-date = 2011-07-26date = 2011-04-19url = http://www.inra.gob.bo/comunicacion/detalle.jsp?idNoticia=584archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120328053000/http://www.inra.gob.bo/comunicacion/detalle.jsp?idNoticia=584archive-date = 2012-03-28url-status = dead }}
Jatun Ayllu-Juchuy Ayllu-Chaupi Ayllu Native Community LandsSur Lípez Province, Potosí1,557,532INRA titling completedJatun Ayllu, Juchuy Ayllu, Chaupi Ayllu indigenous communities
Enrique Baldivieso Native Community LandsEnrique Baldivieso Province, Potosí227,003INRA titling completedCentral Única de la Provincia de Comunidades Originarias Enrique Baldivieso

In Botswana

  • New Xade, a village established as an indigenous reservation for Khoe-speaking San (Bushmen) ethnic groups and other first peoples relocated from their traditional lands on the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR).The primary ethnic groups residing in the settlement are the G/ui (Dcuikhoe), G//ana (Dxanakhoe), and Bakgalagadi.
  • Kaudwane, another village established as an indigenous reservation for indigenous San ethnic groups relocated from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve.
    • A smaller number of indigenous San peoples were also relocated to the villages of Bere, Chobokwane and New Xanagas

In Brazil

  • Terras Indígenas, in the wide sense
    • Terras indígenas, in the strict sense
    • Terras reservadas (reserva indígena, parque indígena, colônia agrícola indígena e território federal indígena)
    • Terras dominiais

In Canada

Source:

  • Inuit Nunangat
    • Nunavut, a federal territory open to non-natives but Inuit-majority
    • Inuvialuit Settlement Region, established by the federal government and lying within Yukon and the Northwest Territories, co-managed with the Inuvialuit
    • Nunavik (Kativik Regional Government), Quebec
    • Nunatsiavut, Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Unique to each province:
    • Indian reserves, or First Nations reserves (Canada-wide)
    • Aboriginal villages and territories of Quebec
      • Eeyou Istchee
      • Kanesatake, Kahnewake, Doncaster and Akwesasne
      • Kawawachikamach, Quebec
    • Regional councils and community governments of the Northwest Territories
      • Akaitcho Territory Government
      • Dehcho First Nations
      • Gwich'in Tribal Council
      • Inuvialuit Regional Corporation
      • Northwest Territory Métis Nation
      • Sahtu Dene Council
      • Tłįchǫ Government
      • Three First Nations reserves
        • Acho Dene Koe First Nation, Hay River Reserve and Salt River Reserve
    • First Nations reserves, tribal councils, First Nations governments and Indian government districts in British Columbia
      • Nisga'a First Nation
      • Tla'amin First Nation
      • Maa-nulth First Nation
      • Secehtl Indian Band
      • Westbank First Nation
      • Tsawwassen First Nation
    • First Nation reserves and tribal self-government/land claim agreements of the Yukon
      • Carcross/Tagish First Nation
      • Champagne and Aishihik First Nations
      • First Nation of Na-Cho Nyak Dun
      • Kluane First Nation
      • Kwanlin Dün First Nation
      • Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation
      • Selkirk First Nation
      • Ta'an Kwach'an Council
      • Teslin Tlingit Council
      • Trʼondëk Hwëchʼin First Nation
      • Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation
    • Manitoba has 63 Indian reserves, 14 urban reserves and 7 tribal councils
      • Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council
      • Interlake Reserves Tribal Council
      • Island Lake Tribal Council
      • Keewatin Tribal Council
      • Southeast Resource Development Council
      • Swampy Cree Tribal Council
      • West Region Tribal Council
    • Alberta
      • 48 First Nations reserves
      • 6 Indian settlements
      • 8 Métis Settlements
      • 10 tribal councils
        • Athabasca Tribal Council
        • Blackfoot Confederacy
        • Confederacy of Treaty 6 First Nations
        • Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal Council
        • Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council
        • North Peace Tribal Council
        • Stoney Nakoda - Tsuut'ina Tribal Council
        • Tribal Chiefs Ventures
        • Western Cree Tribal Council
        • Yellowhead Tribal Council

Central African Republic

  • Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, a forest reserve established to protect wildlife and the indigenous Baka Pygmies communities of Bayanga, Moussapoula, Kunda, Papaye and Yobe.

In China

  • Autonomous administrative divisions of China
    • Tibet Autonomous Region (Xizang Autonomous Region)
    • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR)
    • Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR)
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR)
    • 30 Autonomous prefectures
    • 117 Autonomous counties
    • 3 Autonomous banners

In Colombia

Main article: :es:Anexo:Territorios indígenas de Colombia

  • Indigenous reserves in Colombia
  • Territorios indígenas
  • Resguardo indígena

In Costa Rica

  • Indigenous territories of Costa Rica
    • Boruca Indian Reservation
    • Guaymi Indian Reservation
    • Horse Treks and Guayami Indian Reservation

In Denmark

  • Kalaallit Nunaat, an autonomous territory

In Dominica

  • Carib Territory

In Finland and Scandinavia

  • Sámi Domicile Area
  • Sápmi

In French Guiana

There are traditional use areas.

In Guyana

  • Epira Amerindian District (East Berbice-Corentyne Area)
  • Epira Amerindian Reservation (East Berbice-Corentyne Area)
  • Kanuku Amerindian District (Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Area)
  • Karasabai Amerindian District (Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Area)
  • Orealla Amerindian District (East Berbice-Corentyne Area)
  • Orealla Amerindian Reservation (East Berbice-Corentyne Area)
  • Pomeroon-Ituribisi Amerindian District (Pomeroon-Supenaam Area)
  • Pomeroon-Ituribisi Indian Reservation (Pomeroon-Supenaam Area)
  • Pomeroon-Ituribisi Reservation (Pomeroon-Supenaam Area)
  • Saint Francis Amerindian District (Guyana Area)
  • Santa Amerindian District (Essequibo Islands-West Demerara Area)
  • Wikki Amerindian District (Upper Demerara-Berbice Area)
  • Wikki Amerindian Reservation (Upper Demerara-Berbice Area)
  • Wikki Indian Reservation (Upper Demerara-Berbice Area)

In Hong Kong

  • Indigenous villages of the New Territories, there are 586 villages recognized as indigenous by the Small House Policy which are represented by 27 rural committees. The largest indigenous group is the Hakka followed by Tanka, Hoklo and Weitou peoples.
    • Cheung Chau Rural Committee
    • Fanling District Rural Committee
    • Ha Tsuen Rural Committee
    • Hang Hau Rural Committee
    • Lamma Island (North) Rural Committee
    • Lamma Island (South) Rural Committee
    • Kam Tin Rural Committee
    • Ma Wan Rural Committee
    • Mui Wo Rural Committee
    • Pat Heung Rural Committee
    • Peng Chau Rural Committee
    • Ping Shan Rural Committee
    • Sai Kung North Rural Committee
    • Sai Kung Rural Committee
    • San Tin Rural Committee
    • Sha Tau Kok District Rural Committee
    • Sha Tin Rural Committee
    • Shap Pat Heung Rural Committee
    • Sheung Shui District Rural Committee
    • South Lantao Rural Committee
    • Ta Kwu Ling District Rural Committee
    • Tai O Rural Committee
    • Tai Po Rural Committee
    • Tsing Yi Rural Committee
    • Tuen Mun Rural Committee
    • Tung Chung Rural Committee
    • Tsuen Wan Rural Committee
  • Frontier Closed Area, a restricted border zone in Hong Kong on the border with Mainland China populated by a number of indigenous Hakka villages.Since non-residents require a special Closed Area Permit to enter the FCA, the area effectively functions as a protected indigenous reservation for the Hakka and Tanka inhabitants.
    • Lok Ma Chau
    • Ta Kwu Leng
    • Sha Tau Kok
    • Chung Ying Street District

In India

  • Adivasi and India tribal belt
  • 29 Autonomous district councils
    • Bodoland Territorial Council
    • North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council
    • Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council
    • Tiwa Autonomous Council
    • Mising Autonomous Council
    • Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council
    • Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council
    • Thengal Kachari Autonomous Council
    • Deori Autonomous Council
    • Moran Autonomous Council
    • Matak Autonomous Council
    • Bodo Kachari Welfare Autonomous Council
    • Kamatapur Autonomous Council
  • Northeast India
  • North Sentinel Island, a de facto self-governing island located in the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands inhabited by the uncontacted Sentinelese people
  • South India

In Japan

  • Hokkaido
  • Okinawa Prefecture

In the Middle East

  • Israel
  • Kurdistan
    • Iranian Kurdistan
    • Kurdistan Region (Iraq)
    • Rojava (Syria)
    • Turkish Kurdistan
  • Nineveh (Iraq)
  • Palestine

In New Zealand

  • Cook Islands (Rarotonga)
  • Niue
  • Tokelau

In North Africa

  • Tamazgha

In Pakistan

  • Federally Administered Tribal Areas

In Panama

  • Emberá-Wounaan
  • Guna Yala
  • Guna de Madungandí
  • Guna de Wargandí
  • Naso Tjër Di
  • Ngäbe-Buglé

In Peru

Communal reserves are conservation areas for flora and fauna, allowing traditional use for the rural populations surrounding the areas. The use and marketing of the natural resources within the communal reserve is conducted by the same rural populations.

ReserveDateArea (ha)
Yanesha19880428 28 April 1988
El Sira20010622 22 June 2001
Amarakaeri20020509 9 May 2002
Asháninka20030114 14 January 2003
Machiguenga20030114 14 January 2003
Purús2004112020 November 2004
Tuntanain2007081010 August 2007
Chayu Nain20030114 9 December 2009

In the Philippines

  • Bangsamoro
  • Cordillera Administrative Region

In Russia

  • Autonomous okrugs of Russia
  • National raions of Russia
  • Republics of Russia
  • Territory of Traditional Natural Resource Use

In South Africa

  • !Ae!Hai Heritage Park
    • San Heritage Land
    • Mier Heritage Land

In Sri Lanka

  • Eastern Province
  • Northern Province

In Sudan

  • Darfur

In Taiwan

  • Indigenous Areas

In Ukraine

  • Crimea

In Venezuela

Most of indigenous territory located in south part.

In the United States

  • Indian reservations
  • Alaska Native villages
  • Hawaiian Homelands
  • American Samoa
    • Swains Island
  • Northern Mariana Islands

Conservation of nature

Some lands inhabited for indigenous peoples can be considered as Indigenous and Community Conserved Area.

References

References

  1. Torrico, Ismael Guzmán. (2008-01-01). "Saneamiento de la tierra en seis regiones de Bolivia 1996-2007". CIPCA.
  2. Oyarzún, José Aylwin. (2004). "Derechos humanos y pueblos indígenas: tendencias internacionales y contexto chileno". International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.
  3. Torrico, José Antonio Rocha. (2008-01-01). "Autonomías indígenas, construcción de nación y fortalecimiento del Estado: estudios de caso en las regiones Norte de Potosí, guaraní del Isoso y kallawaya". FUNDACION PIEB.
  4. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. "Bolivia - Situation of the Guarani Indigenous People".
  5. Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agraria. (2011-04-19). "INRA entregó títulos ejecutoriales a tres Tierras Comunitarias de Origen de Potosí".
  6. (19 November 2020). "Indigenous Peoples and Lands".
  7. "Content page - Web Experience Toolkit".
  8. "Boruca Indian Reservation Tour".
  9. [http://www.costaricaspanishschool.com/index.php/blog/184-guaymi-indian-reservation-in-costa-rica.html Costa Rica Spanish School IECR - Guaymi Indian Reservation in Costa Rica. Costa Rica Spanish School IECR - Costa Rica Spanish School IECR] {{webarchive. link. (2012-07-29)
  10. [http://www.vivatravelguides.com/central-america/costa-rica/golfo-dulce-and-the-osa-peninsula/pavones/pavones-activities/horse-treks-and-guayami-indian-reservation/ Horse Treks and Guayami Indian Reservation - Pavones - Top Rated Costa Rica Horseback Ridings]
  11. "". link
  12. [http://www.myfishmaps.com/intl-fishing-maps/Guyana/fishing-Nature_Destination/Reserve/ Guyana Fishing and Outdoor Nature Destination Maps Directory. MyFishMaps.com]
  13. "El Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado - SINANPE". Peru - Ministerio del Ambiente -.
  14. Rodriguez, Wataniba, Luis Salas. (2025-02-01). "Gold or Life: The Struggle of Venezuelan Indigenous Peoples Against Illegal Mining".
  15. Underworld, Amazon. (2025-11-06). "Invasion, Violence and Plunder in Southern Venezuela: The Price of Global Defense and 'Clean Technology'".
Wikipedia Source

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