Lailah (angel)

Etymology

"Lailah" is the same as the Hebrew word for "night" laylah (לילה). The noun for "night" in the Semitic languages is derived from the tri-consonantal root: L-Y-L, also found in Arabic laylah "night" ().

An angel called "night"

Talmud

An angel named Lailah is not mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. The identification of the word "night" as the name of an angel originates with an interpretation of Genesis 14:15 found in the Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 96a. This passage, relating to Abraham's night attack on the four kings led by Chedorlaomer, reads: "And he divided himself against them by night, he and his servants, and smote them". Rabbi Yochanan interprets this to mean that Abraham attacked with the help of an angel called "night". This interpretation is supported with reference to Job 3:3, which reads: "And night [lailah] said: A male child is brought forth".

In Niddah 16b, the interpretation of rabbi Hanina ben Pappa (3rd century AD) posits that Lailah is an angel in charge of conception who takes a drop of semen and places it before God:

According to this exposition, the only thing God is not asked to decide is whether the child will be righteous or wicked, allowing it to have free will.

Midrash

Midrash Tanhuma also details how Lailah is in charge of conception (לַמַּלְאָךְ הַמְּמֻנָּה עַל הַהֵרָיוֹן). As in Niddah 16b, God decrees everything about the unborn child's fate except whether it will be righteous or wicked, since this is a choice the individual has to make for themself.

The angel is also mentioned in Zohar Chadash 68:3, again described as being in charge of conception and pregnancy.

Contemporary sources

The story of Lailah is mentioned by Louis Ginzberg in Legends of the Jews.

Folklorist Howard Schwartz has claimed that unlike most angels, Lailah exhibits "distinctly feminine characteristics". Schwartz suggests that Lailah is the polar opposite of Lilith, who wastes seed, is not maternal, and is bent on destruction, not creation.

Rabbinical commentary on "night" itself

The word "night" appears hundreds of times in the Hebrew Bible and continues to be the subject of rabbinic discussion. The noun layla is a feminine noun in Hebrew, although grammatical gender does not indicate actual gender in Hebrew. Nevertheless, according to Elijah Ben Solomon, the "Vilna Gaon" (1720–1797), Talmudist, halachist, and kabbalist, the Hebrew noun laylah (night) is feminine in its very essence, but has the unusual quality of dualism that combines the feminine with masculine character. In the Zohar, comparison is made between leyl (masculine noun) and layla (feminine noun) "night" is used in reference to the Exodus "to indicate the union which took place on that night between the Masculine and Feminine aspects in the Divine attributes." (Zohar, Shemoth, Section 2).

References

References

1. [https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1747-arelim Angelology] // ''Jewish Encyclopedia''
2. [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.96a.4?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en Sanhedrin 96a]. Sefaria.
3. "Babylonian Talmud: Niddah 16".
4. [[Ellen Frankel]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=OhsD7ZHHY5cC&dq=laylah+angel+of+the+night&pg=PA3 The five books of Miriam: a woman's commentary on the Torah] p3
5. "Midrash Tanhuma, Pekudei 3". Sefaria.
6. "The Legends of the Jews Volume 1, by Louis Ginzberg : THE SOUL OF MAN".
7. "From Book Three, Myths of Heaven".
8. Schwartz, Howard. "Mysteries of the Angel Lailah".
9. Rabbi [[Mordecai Kornfeld]]'s Weekly Parasha-Page [http://www.dafyomi.co.il/parsha/pesach3.htm Why is This Night Different]
10. The Zohar: Volume 3 1984 "To indicate the union which took place on that night between the Masculine and Feminine aspects in the Divine attributes, and also the same union which will take place in the future Redemption : "As in the days of thy coming out of ..."
11. Catherine Swietlicki - Spanish Christian Cabala: the works of [[Luis de León]], Santa Teresa ...1986 "For example, the Zohar says that sensual language must be used in order "to indicate the union which took place on that night between Masculine and Feminine aspects in the Divine attributes, and also the same union which will take place ."