Kuban bridgehead

Prelude

Case Blue (Fall Blau), launched 28 June 1942, saw Army Group South divided into two Army Groups, Army Group A and Army Group B, the former participating in the Battle of the Caucasus. Throughout the operation the German situation, especially that of Army Group B centered on Stalingrad, began to deteriorate. As Army Group B began collapsing in the North, Army Group A quickly found itself at risk of being flanked. It was forced to abandon its task of securing the oilfields of the Caspian, and began withdrawing down the Terek River toward the Taman Peninsula.

Bridgehead

Following the encirclement of the 6th Army at Stalingrad, Army Group A withdrew towards the Black Sea and Crimea. The 17th Army, commanded by Richard Ruoff and Erwin Jaenecke, constructed a defensive position across the Kuban River delta in the Taman Peninsula, which was completed in January 1943. The main, first defense line started by Novorossiysk and ran roughly northwards all the way across the peninsula. Consisting of 5 defense lines, the total depth of the defense area was up to 60 km. German forces, moving from positions along the Terek River, fully occupied the new defensive network in February 1943 while under constant attack by the Red Army. The bridgehead, originally intended to provide a staging area for future attempts to gain control of the Caspian oil fields, was re-tasked on 3 September 1943,** as the German situation on the Eastern Front continued to deteriorate. The Kuban Bridgehead then served to evacuate German forces as the withdrawal of Army Group South to the Dnieper Line had become inevitable.

The first defenses of the Kuban Bridgehead were breached on 15–16 September 1943 in the area of Novorossiysk during the of the Soviet North Caucasian Front. The Taman Peninsula was completely cleared of German forces on 9 October 1943.

References

References

1. Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. Oxford, England: ABC-CLIO. 2005. p. 307. {{ISBN. 1-57607-999-6.
2. Tessin, G., Verbänd und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen - SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945, Biblo Verlag, Osnabruck, 1977. taken from http://www.cgsc.edu/CARL/nafziger/939GXXP.PDF {{Webarchive. link. (2016-03-04 pg 10)
3. Weinberg, Gerhard L.. (2005). "A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II Second Edition". [[Cambridge University Press]].
4. (2005). "Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History.". ABC-CLIO.
5. [http://stat.encyclopedia.mil.ru/encyclopedia/history/more.htm?id=11800209@cmsArticle "Новороссийско-Таманская наступательная операция (9 сентября — 9 октября 1943 г.)"]
6. Weinberg, Gerhard L.. (2005). "A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II Second Edition". [[Cambridge University Press]].
7. David R. Galbraith. (July 2014). "The Defence and Evacuation of the Kuban Bridgehead, January – October 1943". National University of Ireland, Maynooth.