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Kowloon East (1998 constituency)
Geographical constituency in Hong Kong
Geographical constituency in Hong Kong
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| type | Geographical |
| name | Kowloon East |
| year | 1998 |
| abolished | 2021 |
| parl_name | Legislative Council of Hong Kong |
| map1 | KowloonEast |
| map_entity | Hong Kong |
| map_size | 320px |
| region | Kowloon |
| district | Wong Tai Sin District |
| Kwun Tong District | |
| elects_howmany | Three (1998–2000) |
| Four (2000–2004; 2008–2012) | |
| Five (2004–2008; 2012–2021) | |
| population | 1,120,800 (2020) |
| electorate | 709,237 (2020) |
| previous | Kowloon South-east, |
| Kowloon East (1995), | |
| Kowloon North-east | |
| next | Kowloon Central (2021) |
| Kowloon East (2021) |
Kwun Tong District Four (2000–2004; 2008–2012) Five (2004–2008; 2012–2021) Kowloon East (1995), Kowloon North-east Kowloon East (2021)
The Kowloon East geographical constituency was one of the five geographical constituencies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1998 to 2021. It was established in 1998 for the first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, it elected five members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation. The constituency corresponded to the today's districts of Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong.
History
The single-constituency single-vote system was replaced by the proportional representation system for the first SAR Legislative Council election designed by Beijing to reward the weaker pro-Beijing candidates and dilute the electoral strength of the majority pro-democrats. Three seats were allocated to Kowloon East, with the Democratic Party taking two seats, represented by Szeto Wah and Fred Li and the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) taking one seat, represented by Chan Yuen-han.
In the 2000 Legislative Council election, one more seat were allocated to Kowloon East. The DAB ticket was able to win two seats with Chan Yuen-han's popularity carried Chan Kam-lam through, with the popular votes even exceeding the Democratic ticket. One more seat was added in the 2004 election, where former pro-democracy radio host Albert Cheng swept the votes with nearly a quarter of the vote share, while pro-democracy barrister Alan Leong also won a seat, replacing Szeto Wah who was retiring.
The constituency was reduced to four seats due to the reapportionment in the 2008 Legislative Council election. With Albert Cheng stepping down from the office, the seats were divided by Chan Kam-lam of the DAB , Wong Kwok-kin of the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) who was succeeding Chan Yuen-han, Fredi Li of the Democratic Party and Alan Leong of the Civic Party. Leong resigned from the legislature to launch the "Five Constituencies Referendum" in 2010 to pressure the government over the 2012 constitutional reform proposal, but was re-elected with a low turnout due to the government and pro-Beijing boycott.
Kowloon East was given back five seats in the 2012 Legislative Council election, with an extra seat being fought for between pro-Beijing independent Paul Tse and two radical democrats, Andrew To of the League of Social Democrats (LSD) and Wong Yeung-tat of the People Power. Tse eventually took the last seat with a thin margin due to the pro-democracy infighting, making the pro-Beijing camp winning the majority of the seats for the first time. The balance of power remained unchanged in the 2016 election, with Wu Chi-wai taking the torch from Fred Li one term earlier, and Wilson Or and Jeremy Tam succeeding Chan Kam-lam and Alan Leong respectively.
Returned members
The following lists the members since the creation of the Kowloon East constituency. The number of seats allocated to Kowloon East varied between three and five between 1998 and 2016 due to reapportionment.
| LegCo members for Kowloon East, 1998–2021 | Term | Election | Member | Member | Member | Member | Member | 1st | 1998 | 2nd | 2000 | 3rd | 2004 | 4th | 2008 | *Seat | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abolished* | Vacant | 2010 (b) | 5th | 2012 | 6th | 2016 | Vacant | Vacant | |||||||||||||||||
| Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}" rowspan=2 | Szeto Wah | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (DP) | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong}}" rowspan="2" | Chan Yuen-han | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (DAB→FTU) | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}" rowspan=7 | Fred Li | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (DP) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong}}" rowspan="7" | Chan Kam-lam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (DAB) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Independent (politician)}}" rowspan=2 | Albert Cheng | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Ind) | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}" rowspan=2 | Article 45 Concern Group}}" | Alan Leong | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (A45→CP) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Civic Party}}" rowspan=2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}" rowspan=6 | Wong Kwok-kin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (FTU) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Civic Party}}" rowspan=2 | Alan Leong | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (A45→CP) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Independent (politician)}}" rowspan=3 | Paul Tse | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Ind) | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}" rowspan=2 | Wu Chi-wai | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (DP) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}" | Wilson Or | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (DAB) | Civic Party}}" | Jeremy Tam | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (CP) |
Summary of seats won
| 2 | 1 |
|---|
|- | 2nd | 2000 |
| 2 | 2 |
|---|
|- | 3rd | 2004 |
| 3 | 2 |
|---|
|- | 4th | 2008 |
| 2 | 2 |
|---|
|- | 5th | 2012 |
| 2 | 3 |
|---|
|- | 6th | 2016 |
| 2 | 3 |
|---|
|}
| 1998 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 1 | 1 | ||||
| 2 | 1 | ||||
| *Pro-democracy* | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| *Pro-Beijing* | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Seats | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
Vote share summary
| 1998 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 55.8 | 45.3 | 19.2 | 27.3 | 15.4 | |
| 41.8 | 47.4 | 18.8 | 22.6 | 16.7 | |
| 17.9 | 21.3 | 14.3 | |||
| 16.6 | 14.6 | ||||
| 12.1 | 9.6 | ||||
| 12.9 | |||||
| and Others | 2.4 | 7.4 | 44.1 | 16.6 | |
| *Pro-democracy* | 55.8 | 45.3 | 63.3 | 56.0 | 55.5 |
| *Pro-Beijing* | 41.8 | 47.4 | 36.7 | 43.9 | 44.5 |
Election results
The largest remainder method (with Hare quota) of the proportional representative electoral system was introduced in 1998, replacing the single-member constituencies of the 1995 election. Elected candidates are shown in bold. Brackets indicate the quota + remainder.
2010s
| Civic Party}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Independent (politician)}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; width:20%;" | 1 |
|---|
Joe Lai Wing-ho, Jack Cheung Ki-tang Mok Kin-shing, Cheng Keng-ieong, Wu Chi-kin Chow Luen-kiu, Kan Ming-tung, Kwok Wang-hing Alan Leong Kah-kit |reg. electors = 601,566
| Civic Party}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Independent (politician)}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; width:20%;" | 1 |
|---|
Joe Lai Wing-ho, Hung Kam-in, Wilson Or Chong-shing Mok Kin-shing, Hon Ka-ming Jeremy Jansen Tam Man-ho Kan Ming-tung, Mok Kin-wing, Ho Kai-ming |reg. electors = 559,528
|reg. electors = 543,253
2000s
| Civic Party}}; width:25%;" | 1 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; width:25%;" | 1 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; width:25%;" | 1 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; width:25%;" | 1 |
|---|
Joe Lai Wing-ho, Maggie Chan Man-ki, Hung Kam-in Chan Yuen-han, Peter Wong Kit-hin, Kan Ming-tung Kai Ming-wah, Wong Kai-ming, Wong Wai-tag Yu Kwun-wai, Wong Hok-ming |reg. electors = 540,649
| Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Independent (politician)}}; width:40%;" | 2 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; width:20%;" | 1 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; width:20%;" | 1 |
|---|
Andrew To Kwan-hang (20.00+4.93) Wu Chi-wai, Ho Wai-to Choi Chun-wa, Chan Tak-ming Lam Man-fai, Tang Ka-piu |reg. electors = 524,896
| Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; width:50%;" | 2 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; width:50%;" | 2 |
|---|
Lam Man-fai, Angelis Chan Joy-kong (25+22.36) Wu Chi-wai, Andrew To Kwan-hang (25+20.30) |reg. electors = 518,035
1990s
| Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; width:66.67%;" | 2 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; width:33.33%;" | 1 |
|---|
Mak Hoi-wah (33.33+22.47) Kwok Bit-chun, Lam Man-fai (33.33+8.45) |reg. electors = 483,875
References
References
- "Number of Seats for the Geographical Constituencies". Electoral Affairs Commission.
- "Voter Registration Statistics: Geographical Constituency". Registration and Electoral Office.
- (2001). "Elections and Democracy in Greater China". OUP Oxford.
- "2010 LegCo By-election".
- "2010 LegCo By-election".
- (8 September 2008). "2008 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission.
- (15 December 2004). "2004 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission.
- "立法會選舉結果".
- "Legco election overall result". Electoral Affairs Commission.
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